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CH. 6
BC TO 1896
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Canada 1871
THE OREGON TERRITORY
Russia was the first to
Use and lay claim to the
West Coast for seal
Pelts.
Gave up this right for food
supply and the Brt.
established their floating
fort called “The Beaver”
The US felt they had
claim to all the west
Coast and wanted to
expand western
settlement.
“MANIFEST DESTINY”
POLK’s - 54’40” or Fight”
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The HBC saw the
Oregon area as
HBC land.
HBC wanted pelts NOT
settlement.
49th Parallel divide
the US from BNA.
This ended at the
Rockies.
THE OREGON TERRITORY
George Simpson
(HBC)
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George Simpson ran HBC.
Established Ft. Vancouver &
Ft. Langley to establish Brt.
Presence in the area for fur
Trade.
John McLoughlin
John McLoughlin was hired to run Brt. Fur
trade. He was known for his fairness, poor
appearance, business savvy, strong presence,
and did not get along with Simpson.
(Promoted American dev’t south of the Columbia R., wanted
to expand forts, and felt his sons murder not dealt with).
THE COLONY OF VANCOUVER
Polk did not want to fight & 49th
parallel was established through B.C.
The Colony of Vancouver was established to
give a greater British presence.
• James Douglas was governor.
• Brt. Wanted English class system
(land owners/servants).
• Douglas wanted settlers to keep US out.
• Economy - Mining, Navy & ex-HBC employees.
• Legislative Assembly established to
battle the British landed gentry
(upper class)
JAMES DOUGLAS
(Governor of Van.)
JAMES POLK
(U.S.A.)
Vancouver
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THE CARIBOO GOLD RUSH
Thompson R.
gold
Gold discovered on the Thompson started
a mass rush to the Cariboo. Miners leftover from the 1848 California rush flocked to
the Cariboo.
1857
Victoria went from 1500 to 20, 000 over-night.
Afraid of American expansion Douglas
Became the governor of the Colony of B.C.
The Cariboo Road was
Barkerville
built to gain access to
the rapidly growing
Barkerville. Largest center
North of San Fransico &
West of Chicago.
Cariboo Road
TO DO
p. 219 #1-5
Victoria
THE COLONY OF B.C.
During the Gold Rush more than 35 000
prospectors came to B.C. Very few became
rich and many left when the gold ran out.
RESULTS
B.C. Colonial $
- huge financial losses.
- could not regain $ spent on Cariboo Road.
- Van. Is. Debt = $300 000.
- B.C. debt = $1 000 000.
- both colonies ran out of credit and a union was proposed.
- 1866 the colonies joined and B.C. was formed.
NOTE - The union did not solve
the $$$$ problems.
THE CREATION OF B.C.
• B.C. = AUTOCRATIC RULE
(1856-1871)
• James Douglas was in total control.
• No elected legislative assembly.
• Leg. & Executive councils were appointed by
Douglas.
B.C. Leg. building built in
1898. Today 85 MLAs & one
Lt. Gov. MLAs represent
constituencies.
• In 1856, Douglas was ordered to create a seven-member
legislative assembly > the wealthy would have a say.
• No enforcement so Douglas often ignored it.
• CHANGES IN POPULATION
• Smallpox epidemic – brought by San Francisco miner
• First Nations hit hardest.
• Immigration – Gold Rush brought 35 000 people.
• End of Gold Rush = 10 000
• Lack of people = debt (no taxes)
• The colonies looked for a way to survive.
TO DO
P.223 # 1 & 2
CONFEDERATION
DEBATE
•
THREE FACTIONS
1) OPPOSED CONFEDERATION.
- Can. Would only think of
the East.
2) SUPPORTED CONFEDERATION.
- mainland representatives.
-Can. Pays B.C.debt.
- RR.
3) US ANNEXATIONISTS
- B.C. needed a larger market to succeed.
- Can. was too far to help.
- immigration from US more likely than
East Can.
THE CONFEDERATION OF
B.C.
Governor Seymour died and
Anthony Musgrave was appointed
Governor and being a personal friend
of J.A.Macdonald he also pushed for a
“Sea to Sea” nation.
(Promised an elected Legislature if joined Canada)
Anthony Musgrave
(Friend of Macdonald)
The anti-confederationists could not
gain support in the US, and on July 20,
1871, B.C. became a province of Can.
THE RAILWAY SURVEY
PROPOSED RAILWAY ROUTES
1. Island Politicians - Through interior ->N. Island ->
south down the Island
2. Mainland Politicians - Down Fraser Canyon to
Burrard Inlet.
3. Sanford Flemming
Pine Pass
(Chief Surveyor)
Yellowhead Pass ->
Fraser Canyon ->
Burrard Inlet.
4. Marcus Smith
Yellowhead
Pass
****Kicking
Horse Pass
(Flemming’s Deputy)
Pine Pass ->
west along Skeena R.
Crowsnest Pass
THE EMERGENCE OF VANCOUVER
BURRARD INLET
- Originally discouraged
settlement.
- not on a major river.
- thick forest cover.
- no gold rush history.
PORT MOODY - original site
for CPR terminus.
- shallow tidal flats made
Van Horne change location
to Vancouver (Gastown).
Land speculators were mad.
STANLEY PARK
- Initially set aside
as military reserve.
Gastown
Gassy Jack
NEW WESTMINSTER
- Gold rush gateway
- Fraser R. froze in
winter.
- later cut trails to
Burrard Inlet.
In 1886, fire burned the new city of
Van. By 1890, it was rebuilt and had
a population of over 5000.
THE OPPENHEIMERS
• Jewish immigrants from Germany.
• Set up trading firm in B.C. gold rush.
• Fire ruined but rebuilt.
• Land investments in Gastown.
• $ invested with CPR.
• David became mayor of Vancouver
“Father of Vancouver.”
• Laid water & sewage pipes in Van.
• Lobbied for Cariboo Road.
• Bankrolled needed services.
• Funded first electric streetcar.
• Donated land for schools &
parks.
David Oppenheimer
THE OPPENHEIMERS
THE CHINESE IN B.C.
• Originally came with Gold Rush.
• Faced discrimination - dress,
language,religion, & customs.
• Racism forced men to resort to
“lower jobs”.
• Reworked older claims.
• 1883 -> of 2000 miners, 1500 = Chinese.
• General stores, restaurants, veggie
farms, laundry, etc.
• Sub-contracted for less pay.
• Knights of Labour - lobbied to have
Chinese removed.
• Violence, intimidation, & boycotts.
THE CHINESE & THE CPR
• CPR short of labourers.
• 1881-85 ->17 000 Chinese
workers brought in.
• “Expendable”- 600 died in 4 yrs.
• $1/day - less than 1/2 of the white workers.
• Lived in separate camps.
• After RR complete.
TO DO
P. 238 #1 & 4
• gov’t imposed a $50 head tax.
• Couldn’t afford to go back
ECONOMIC DIVERSITY IN B.C.
Mining - gold, silver,
copper, zinc, coal,
iron, etc.
Tourism - Banff - Rockies
Cities - Street Cars,
Goods & Services
Smelting
Do p.230
#5
Farming - Orchards,
Cattle, Wheat.