STARTER
Louis XVIII’s announcement
promising to reverse the Revolution
Popular vote on a single issue
plebiscite
Those who were responsible for
execution of Louis XVI
Verona
Declaration
regicides
Attacks on those who’d done well
out of the Revolution, those who
orchestrated the Terror
1795 Royalist rising of Vendemiaire
Guerrilla groups fighting in the
Vendee 1794-6
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Whiff of
Grapeshot
chouans
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White Terror
KI3: Radical Revolution 1793-1799.
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Why did the Directory
last so long?
AS History Matters
Wednesday, 08 April 2015
Wednesday, 08 April 2015
Session Aims
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AS History Matters
• identify the reasons why
the Directory was able
to survive for so long
• assess what threats
there were to the
Directory
Events of 1789.
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• Match up the correct descriptions to the
events of Thermidor.
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Re-Cap
Description
The men who overthrew Robespierre who were a mix of members
of the two committees and the Plain. These men supported the
republic and wanted a return to the true revolution.
The deputies were determined to gain control of the institutions
that had made the terror possible. This meant abandoning the
centralisation established by CPS.
This was an armed rising in which a large crowd of housewives and
National Guards marched on the Convention to demand bread.
This was an attack on ex-terrorists and all who had done well out
of the Revolution by those who had suffered under it.
This was intended to guarantee the main features of the
Revolution of 1789. They also wanted to ensure that a
dictatorship, like that of the CPS, would be impossible in the
future.
A reactionary statement issued by the new heir to the throne
promising to reverse many of the gains made during the
Revolution.
On 5 October 1795 a large royalist crowd of 25 000 gathered to
march on the Convention and seize power. The rebellion was
crushed by troops under the leadership of Bonaparte
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A food shortage led to a demonstration of over 10 000 people
directed against the Convention. When the National Guard
arrived the crowd dispersed.
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Events
Thermidorians
The men who overthrew Robespierre who were a mix of members
of the two committees and the Plain. These men supported the
republic and wanted a return to the true revolution.
Ending the
Terror
The deputies were determined to gain control of the institutions
that had made the terror possible. This meant abandoning the
centralisation established by CPS.
Germinal
Prairial
A food shortage led to a demonstration of over 10 000 people
directed against the Convention. When the National Guard
arrived the crowd dispersed.
.This was an armed rising in which a large crowd of housewives and
National Guards marched on the Convention to demand bread.
The White
Terror
This was an attack on ex-terrorists and all who had done well out
of the Revolution by those who had suffered under it.
The
Constitution
of Year III
1795
This was intended to guarantee the main features of the
Revolution of 1789. They also wanted to ensure that a
dictatorship, like that of the CPS, would be impossible in the
future.
Verona
Declaration
A reactionary statement issued by the new heir to the throne
promising to reverse many of the gains made during the
Revolution.
Vendemiaire
Uprising
On 5 October 1795 a large royalist crowd of 25 000 gathered to
march on the Convention and seize power. The rebellion was
crushed by troops under the leadership of Bonaparte
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Description
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Events
What is the most important reason
for the survival of the Directory?
Whilst many people were prepared to accept a
constitutional monarchy the royalists themselves
were deeply divided-between extremists who
supported the Verona Declaration and constitutional
monarchists.
Public apathy also helped the Directory to survive-after
six years of revolution and three years of war,
revolutionary enthusiasm had all but disappeared.
The army supported the Directory, as a royalist
restoration would mean an end to war. Army officers
did not wish to be deprived of an opportunity
provided by war for promotion of plunder.
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Many of their key opponents were discredited. Few
wanted a return to either the Jacobin Terror of Year
II or to the absolute monarchy of the ancien regime.
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The Directory was committed to restoring the rule of
law.
Literacy
Connectives such as
• Moreover
Similarly
• In contrast
..however…
• Therefore
Other helpful words such as…
• Absolutism
Consent
• Legitimate
Power
• Impact
Consequence
Rules / Skills
• Minimum words:400
Maximum words:650
• Use the explanation formula: statement – (connective) – factual
detail
• 3 arguments showing why Directory survived
• 3 arguments showing threats to the Directory
• Historiography (position of Rees, Parker)
• Explain ‘why’ the question has been asked
• Can the middle third of the essay identify the question set?
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Key content (personalities,
dates, ideas, events)
• Napoleon
• 1795 Whiff of Grapeshot
(Vendemiaire)
• Babeuf
• Fructidor
• Financial reform
AS History Matters
12 Marks = 12 Minutes
Explain why the Directory was able
to survive from 1795-1799. (12 Marks)
• Fructidor
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• Babeuf Plot
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How much of a threat were the
Babeuf Plot and the Coup d’ etat of
Fructidor 1797?
1815
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1774
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Create a timeline showing the
dates of all Governments