Happy Thursday! Please answer the
following:
1. Name any famous speech & its speaker.
2. What makes a speech effective? Why?
Speaker
Audience
Purpose
Oratorical Devices
• Used in oral presentations (SPEECHES) & other
PERSUASIVE writing/speaking situations
• Makes the presentation MEMORABLE & EFFECTIVE
• Makes it “STICK”
• Focuses on the AUDIENCE & their REACTION
A Word about Speeches…
The most common phobia that
Americans have is glossophobia,
the fear of public speaking.
75% of all Americans report
having a fear of public speaking,
beating out fear of spiders, fear
of the dark and even fear of
death
Know Your Audience
To woo audience members, you must do two things:
•Find out what they want to hear, and
• Figure out how to get that message across.
Logos, Pathos, & Ethos…oh my!
The goal of argumentative
writing is to persuade your
audience that your ideas are
valid, or more valid than
someone else's.
The Greek philosopher Aristotle
divided the means of persuasion,
appeals, into three categories-Ethos, Pathos, Logos.
The Argument
a discussion involving
differing points of view; debate
Also Known As:
Position
Stance
The Counter Argument
contrary; in opposition.
Also Known As:
Rebuttal
Concession
Parallelism
the repetition of a sentence structure for
rhetorical effect
"New roads; new ruts."
(G. K. Chesterton)
"They are laughing at me, not with me."
(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)
"The more we do, the more we can do."
(William Hazlitt)
Rhetorical Question
• It is not answered by the writer,
• Its answer is obvious or obviously desired
• It is used for effect & emphasis
"Can I ask a rhetorical question? Well, can I?"
(Ambrose Bierce)
For if we lose the ability to perceive our faults, what is
the good of living on?
--Marcus Aurelius
Pregnant Pause…
A pause that gives the impression
that it will be followed by
something significant.
John took the microphone and asked
Sarah to marry him. There was a pregnant
pause while he, and the 3000-strong
audience, waited for an answer.
Rhetorical Triangle: Ways to Persuade
Speaker: The WHO
Remember the rhetorical
transaction…..good times
Logos
Logos (Logical):
means persuading by the use of reasoning.
Use of Facts
Use of Statistics
Use of Evidence
Use of Numbers
The Message
Example:
A Snickers bar has 280
calories and 30 grams of
sugar; That’s not very
healthy.
Pathos
Pathos (Emotional):
means persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions.
Getting people to FEEL:
* happy
* sad
* angry
The Maki people of the South are known
to be invading our towns! They are
corrupting our children and taking our
jobs!! Vote for me and I will eradicate this
menace!
Ethos
Ethos (Credibility), or ethical appeal:
means convincing by the credibility of the author.
Key words:
Trust
Respect
Honesty
Record
Truth
Believe
Great Speeches Through Time
1. Watch & Listen to the clip
2. Discuss the purpose, audience, speaker
3. Mark the oratorical devices:
Speaker
A. Parallelism (underline)
B. Rhetorical Question (Circle)
C. Pregnant Pause (Check mark)
D. Logos (Star & Label)
E. Pathos (Star & Label)
F. Ethos (Star & Label)
Audience
Purpose
We are Marshall
Identify & Label:
1)
Logos
2)
Pathos
3)
Ethos
4)
Pregnant Pause
5)
Rhetorical
Question
6)
Parallelism
We are Marshall
For those of you who may not know, this is the final resting
place for six members of the 1970 Thundering Herd. The plane
crash that took their lives was so severe, so absolute, that their
bodies were unable to be identified. So they were buried here.
Together. Six players. Six teammates. Six Sons of Marshall. This
is our past, gentlemen. This is where we have been. This is how
we got here. This is who we are. Today, I want to talk about our
opponent this afternoon. They're bigger, faster, stronger, more
experienced and on paper, they're just better. And they know it
too. But I want to tell you something that they don't know.
They don't know your heart. I do. I've seen it. You have shown
it to me. You have shown this coaching staff, your teammates.
You have shown yourselves just exactly who you are in here.
When you take that field today, you've got to lay that heart on
the line, men. From the souls of your feet, with every ounce of
blood you've got in your body, lay it on the line until the final
whistle blows. And if you do that, if you do that, we cannot
lose.
Identify &
Label:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
Pregnant
Pause
5) Rhetorical
Question
6) Parallelism
Miracle
Identify & Label:
1)
Logos
2)
Pathos
3)
Ethos
4)
Pregnant Pause
5)
Rhetorical
Question
6)
Parallelism
Miracle
Great moments are born from great opportunity.
And that's what you have here tonight, boys.
That's what you've earned here, tonight.
One game.
If we played 'em ten times, they might win nine.
But not this game. Not tonight.
Tonight, we skate with 'em.
Tonight, we stay with 'em, and we shut them down
because we can!
Tonight, we are the greatest hockey team in the world.
You were born to be hockey players -- every one of ya.
And you were meant to be here tonight.
This is your time.
Their time -- is done. It's over.
I'm sick and tired of hearin' about what a great hockey
team the Soviets have.
Screw 'em!
This is your time!!
Now go out there and take it!
Identify &
Label:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
Pregnant
Pause
5) Rhetorical
Question
6) Parallelism
Vince Lombardi:
Winning is a Habit
Identify & Label:
1)
Logos
2)
Pathos
3)
Ethos
4)
Pregnant Pause
5)
Rhetorical
Question
6)
Parallelism
Vince Lombardi:
Winning is a Habit
Winning is not a sometime thing. You don't win oncein-a-while. You don't do things right once-in-a-while.
You do them right all the time.
Winning is a habit. Unfortunately, so is losing. There
is no room for second place. There is only one place
in my game, and that is first place. I have finished
second twice in my time at Green Bay, and I don't
ever want to finish second again. There is a second
place bowl game--but it is a game for losers played by
losers. It is and always has been an American zeal to
be the first in anything we do and to win, and to win,
and to win…
Identify &
Label:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
Pregnant
Pause
5) Rhetorical
Question
6) Parallelism
Armageddon
Identify & Label:
1)
Logos
2)
Pathos
3)
Ethos
4)
Pregnant Pause
5)
Rhetorical
Question
6)
Parallelism
Armageddon
I address you tonight, not as the President of the United States,
not as the leader of a country, but as a citizen of humanity. We
are faced with the very gravest of challenges, The Bible calls this
day Armageddon. The end of all things. And yet for the first
time...in the history of the planet, a species has the technology…
to prevent its own extinction. All of you praying with us need to
know… that everything that can be done to prevent this
disaster… is being called into service. The human thirst for
excellence, knowledge every step up the ladder of science, every
adventurous reach into space, all of our combined modern
technologies and imaginations, even the wars that we’ve fought,
have provided us the tools… to wage this terrible battle. Through
all the chaos that is our history, though all of the wrongs and the
discord, through all of the pain and suffering, Through all of our
times, there is one thing that has… nourished our souls. And
elevated our species above its origins. And that is our courage.
Dreams of an entire planet are focused tonight… on those 14
brave souls… traveling into the heavens. And may we all, citizens
the world over, see these events through. God speed and good
luck to you.
Identify &
Label:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
Pregnant
Pause
5) Rhetorical
Question
6) Parallelism
FDR: Day of Infamy Speech
Identify & Label:
1)
Logos
2)
Pathos
3)
Ethos
4)
Pregnant Pause
5)
Rhetorical
Question
6)
Parallelism
George W. Bush: 9/11 Address
Identify & Label:
1)
Logos
2)
Pathos
3)
Ethos
4)
Pregnant Pause
5)
Rhetorical
Question
6)
Parallelism
JFK: Ask Not…
Identify & Label:
1)
Logos
2)
Pathos
3)
Ethos
4)
Pregnant Pause
5)
Rhetorical
Question
6)
Parallelism
MLK: I Have a Dream
Identify & Label:
1)
Logos
2)
Pathos
3)
Ethos
4)
Pregnant Pause
5)
Rhetorical
Question
6)
Parallelism
Exit Card
• Of the speeches presented today, which was
the most effective in reaching its target
audience? Why?(Please also list the devices the speaker used!)
OR
• Create an example of PARALLELISM that also uses
PATHOS.