By: Felicia Guess
I am going to be doing my project on the history of hairstyles. I will be
creating PowerPoint to show the evolution of hairstyles. And the reflection
of cultural and social norms. Hairstyles may also reflect the politics of the
era. My PowerPoint will include hairstyles between the era and the
hairstyles popular through the years. Underneath the pictures I will write
about how the hairstyles became popular, who had it first, the
development of important hair products and tools came out around that
time. I will be using information from online sources like 1. 25 hairstyles of
the last one hundred years and 3. history of hairstyles. When completed the
reader will have an understanding of; what hair is, how people styled it,
and what tools have been developed over the years for styling hair. The
PowerPoint will have a resource list.
Queen Elizabeth was the main hair icon. She had been setting all the trends
in her era. She has a pale complexion and red tresses. Girls were running
everywhere to get large amounts of white face powder and red wigs. Ladies
also did not wear bangs. They scraped their hair back from the face to
expose the forehead. They braided it and coiled it to encircle the head. A
large forehead was beautiful back then. Women would pluck all the hair
from the front of their heads to make the hairline recede.
Renaissance fashion adored blonde hair.
Italian women would spread their hair out
in the sun to bleach it after putting in a
mixture of wine and olive oil. Renaissance
women used alum, sulfur and acidic juices
of rhubarb, lemons or walnuts as hair
bleaches.
The era saw the emerge of elaborate
wigs, tall coiffures and decorated curls.
White powdered wigs were very
popular and mostly accompanied by
long ringlets which were often tied back
with a black bow for men; or decorated
with feathers, and bows and garlands
were for women.
Big hair was a really big in that was
happening at this time. The bigger
your hair was the better. Marie
Antoinette was the one who had set
this elaborate trend. In the 1780s
though, fashion was over powder
and favored natural colored hair with
lots of curls. Hats were starting to
take place of the elaborate wigs.
Hair was to look shiny, sleek, and healthy.
Everyone wanted elegant hairstyles. Hair
was smoothed down with oils and curled
into long ringlets. Hairnets were worn to
keep curls back and clipped to the back of
the head with a ivory comb or black bow.
Neatness was in order and loose hair was
called vulgar.
In the 1950s Men mostly got
their hair styled like Elvis
and James Dean.
In the 1940s women liked to follow
their on screen idols. Soft curls were
at shoulder length and natural wavy
styles were very popular.
In the 1950s teasing and hairspray became
very popular. Perms were also very
popular at the time.
In the 1920s short bobs were very popular.
In 1970 manes of free falling curls, soft partings
and long fringes were inspired by “Charlie’s
Angels.”
In 1980 the long bob was extremely
popular at this time. They were
precisely cut and evenly curled.
Mullets were popular. It was
the ultimate redneck haircut.
It was long in the back and
short in the front.
Everyone was following
Madonna’s ever changing
style
In 1990 hair and
style were
constantly
changing and
anything was
considered
acceptable. A big
thing that was in
was the Rachel. It
was Jennifer
Aniston’s
character from,
“Friends” hair.
Buzz cut became very popular for those
who didn’t like hair. You shave all of your
hair off to a point that you like. This
hairstyle is associated to the military.
The comb over became popular to men who
had bald spots and wanted to pretend it
wasn’t happening, so they combed their left
over hair over their bald spot.
Emo became also another popular
hairstyle. Hair was dyed black and
parted most of their hair to one side.
Their bangs were razor cut. They had a
complicated hairstyle for their
complicated feelings,
Fauxhawk had become
extremely popular. It was
created for people who
wanted a little bit of punk in
their life but didn’t want to
shave their head. It was a
short cut but you use gel to
make a ridge in the middle.
It’s all about warmer and lighter colors in 2013.
Light browns and blondes are in! Ombre is also
very popular.
Braids are also very popular. From
the French braid to the fishtail
braid.
Everyone prefers having long hair. Curls
and waves are also very popular. Everyone
wants long beautiful curls.
A lot of people usually base their hairstyles
off the Kardashian’s, Miley Cyrus, Selena
Gomez, and much more. There isn’t one
specific icon.
Bobby pins were
introduced to America
in 1916
Alexandre Godefoy invented the
first electrical hair dryer in 1890
Aerosol hairspray
originated as early as 1970.
Pressing/Curling iron was
patented by Theora Stephens in
1980
Thermo hair curlers were invented by
African American inventor Solomon Harper
in 1930
Hair brush was
invented by Lyda.
O. Newman in
1898
Hair clips were invented by
Ernest Godward in 1901
Hair gel was invented in the
1960s
Crimper was invented by Geri Cusenza in
1972
Charles Nestle invented the first perm
machine in early 1900s.
First hair straighter was a metal comb
invented by Madame CJ Walker in 1905
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When a baby is 22 weeks old in the stomach all
of its hair follicles formed.
At that point in life there are 5 million hair
follicles on the body.
There are one million on the head but only one
hundred thousand on the scalp. This is the
largest amount of follicles we will ever have.
Scalp hair is reduced as we grow because our
scalp expands as we grow.
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Follicles stay in the skin while the shaft is the
visible part above the scalp.
Hair follicles are tunnel like segments of the
epidermis that goes down into the dermis.
The structure contains several layers that all have
separate functions. At the base is the papilla which
contains tiny blood vessels that nourish the cells.
The living part of the hair is at the bottom part that
surrounds the papilla which is called the bulb.
The cells of the bulb divide every 23 to 72 hours.
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The inner and outer sheaths surround the follicle.
The inner sheath follows the hair shaft and ends below
the opening of a sebaceous gland which is a scent
gland.
The outer sheath goes all the way up to the gland.
A muscle called an erector pili muscle attaches below
the gland to a fibrous layer around the outer sheath..
This gland is vital because it produced sebum, which
conditions your hair and skin.
. The cortex makes up a majority of the hair shaft. The
outer layer is the cuticle. The cuticle is a tightly formed
structure made of shingle like overlapping scales. The
cortex and medulla hold the hairs pigment, giving it
color.
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Hair on the scalp grows .3 to .4 mm a day which would be 6
inches a year. There are three stages of growth and
shedding.
Anagen is the active phase. The cells in the root of the hair
are growing rapidly. It’s harder for some people to grow
their hair beyond a certain length because they have a short
active phase.
The next stage is the catagen phase. It’s a transitional stage.
There’s about 3 percent of all hairs are in this phase at any
time. Growth stops and the outer root sheath shrinks and
attaches root to the hair.
The last stage is the Telogen phase. Telogen phase is the
resting phase. It usually accounts for a 6 percent to 8 percent
of all the hairs. This phase lasts 100 days for hairs on the
scalp and longer for hairs on the eyebrow, eyelash, arm, and
leg.
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Cedestra. “25 hairstyles of the last 100 years.”
Listverse Ltd, 2007. web. 24 April 2013
Tiaraa. “History of Hairstyles.” Timetoast, n.d.
web. 24 April 2013
Spiritmiska. “History of hair.” Timetoast, n.d. web.
24 April 2013
Mary Bells. “History of hair styling.” About.com,
2013. web. 24 April 2013
NA. “Color trends.” Sophisticates Hairstyle Guide,
April 2013: 104-109. Print
NA. “Hair loss: The science of hair.” American hair
loss association, 2010. web. 14 May 2013