A New Industrial
Revolution
What conditions spurred the
growth of industry?
Factors Leading to the
Industrial Boom
Westward
Expansion
Governmental
Policies
Railroads
Factors Leading to the
Industrial Boom
Westward
Expansion
Governmental
Policies
Railroads
Provided access to
vast deposits of coal,
iron, lead, and cooper.
Pacific Northwest
furnished lumber for
building.
Congress gave land
grants and subsidies
to railroads and other
businesses.
To stop any
competition, tariffs or
taxes on foreign
goods were kept high
so people would buy
American products.
Trains carried people and goods to the West and raw
materials East to make finished products.
Inventions that helped
industry, transportation,
and businesses grow
*FYI: Patents were government documents that
gave an inventor the right to make and sell an
invention.
Bessemer Process
• Allowed people to make stronger
steel at a lower cost
• Steel replaced iron as the basic
building material of industry.
Oil Refining Methods
• Crude oil refined into lubricants for
machines and later gasoline for fuel
powered engines and automobiles.
Electrical Power Plant
• New York City opened the first one in
1882 supplying electricity for lights,
street cars, and safer electric
engines.
Telegraph
• Helped businesses and families
communicate.
Underwater Telegraph
• Sped up communications with
Europe.
Telephone
• Invented by Alexander
Graham Bell in 1876.
• Helped businesses
communicate, buy, and
sell.
Typewriter
• Made office work faster and cheaper
than handwriting.
Automobile
• Americans relied less on railroads for
transportation.
Assembly Line
• Introduced by Henry Ford in 1913 to
mass produce the automobile
cheaper and faster.
Gas Powered Airplane
• Invented by Wilbur & Orville Wright
at Kitty Hawk, NC in 1903.
• Later used by the military in World
War I.
The Assembly Line
• Jobs
A. Painter: body and doors (aka color
them)
B. Body and door cutter
C. Window cutter
D. Tire cutter
E. Door and window assembly
F. Tire assembly
The Assembly Line
1. Which made more cars? The assembly
line or people working on their own?
2. What were the jobs like on the assembly
line?
3. How could working on the assembly line
be stressful?