9/29 & 9/30 ~ IMPACT OF
THE PEACE TREATIES
DO NOW ~ Instructions from Mr. Farley about
homework assignment due today
ICEBREAKER ~ OPVL
Origin – Where, When, Who
Purpose – Why did they write, draw, say etc.
Value – Why does the source hold meaning
Limitations – Bias, perspective not included
OPVL
SOURCE A Extract from a speech by President Woodrow Wilson in Omaha, Nebraska,
USA, 8
September 1919.
For the first time in history the advisers of mankind are to be drawn together and
concerted all over the world … Germany is for the time being left out because we did
not think that Germany was ready to come in. She says that she made a mistake. We
now want her to prove it by not making the same mistake again … When an individual
has committed a criminal act, the punishment is hard, but the punishment is not unjust
… Every great fighting nation in the world is on the list of those who are to constitute the
League of Nations. I say every great nation, because America is going to be included
among them, and the only choice my fellow citizens is whether we will go in now or
come in later with Germany; whether we will go in as founders of this covenant of
freedom or go in as those who are admitted after they have made a mistake and
regretted it.
OPVL
Source A is originated from a speech given by President Woodrow Wilson in
Omaha, Nebraska on September 8th 1919. The purpose of this speech is to speak
about countries from all over the world joining the League of Nations. He is trying to
persuade America that they must join the League now as a founding member
because America is one of the strongest countries in the world. He does not want
America to regret not joining the League of Nations. The value in this speech is that
President Wilson is arguably in charge of the strongest country in the world coming out
of WWI. He came up with the idea of the League of Nations in his Fourteen Points and
if America does not join the League of Nations it will be a huge mistake. He believes it
is evitable that America join the League and they will either enter as a founder or with
Germany later on. This speech is limited because it not address the views of other
countries joining the League of Nations. Wilson viewed the League as an opportunity
for countries to be diplomatic. Where as France viewed the League as something
only to be used in emergency situations and would serve as a military alliance.
WHY DID GERMANY LOSE WW1?
1) Britain had blockaded Germany leading to shortages of
food and fuel
2) Germany had overstretched themselves by taking over
Russian territories
3) Britain and France were strengthened by their allies, the
USA
WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF THE
TREATY OF VERSAILLES ON GERMANY?
• 3 Groups – Brainstorm – 5 minutes
1. Which terms of the Treaty of Versailles
would make Germans feel . . .
A) Humiliated
B) Angry
C) Insecure
Which parts of the Treaty of Versailles
were most likely to cause problems for
the Germany?
IMPACT OF PEACE TREATIES
• Overview:
• Impact of treaties of central, eastern, & S. Europe created new states that were
weak and politically unstable
• Russian Civil War ~ stability in region (E. Europe) not possible
• Balance of Power ~ Germany not in a bad position due to so many new
countries
• Economic problems faced by all nations
• Mandate system established to administer the colonies
• Mandate system allowed France and Britain to increase their influence
throughout the world
GERMAN LOSSES WERE HUGE:
• 12% of the German population lost to other nations
• 13% of German land gone
• Food shortages due to Allied Naval Blockade
• Biggest loss was the Alsace Lorraine
• Land taken to create the Polish Corridor (land that gave Poland
access to the sea)
• Germans resented signing the Treaty of Versailles
Found it hard to keep forces at 100,000
SOVIET REVISIONISM
• Russia underwent a Soviet revolution and civil war
• Poland taken out of Soviet land—created a buffer of
new nations
• Treaty of Rapallo (1922) meant to undermine the Treaty
of Versailles.
• Agreed to forgo claims against each other
• German military allowed to practice military tactics
with weapons forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles
LITTLE ENTENTE
• Little Entente-Alliance of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and
Romania
• Military and economic cooperation
• Supported by France
• Poland would not join this b/c of hostility w/ Czechoslovakia
• Angry over Teschen (mineral rich area claimed by both
Poland and Czechoslovakia)
MANDATE SYSTEM
• Wilson called for self-determination Instead there was an
“administration” over new colonies
• 3 Levels
• “A Mandates”-nations ready for independence quickly
• Formerly controlled by the Ottoman Empire
• “B Mandates”-less advance, not ready for
independence—
• Mostly in Africa, divided b/w Brits, French and the Belgium's
• “C Mandates”-areas with low population, economically
underdeveloped• Usually in the Pacific
A - MANDATE
B - MANDATE
C- MANDATE
GERMAN NEWSPAPER, 28TH JUNE 1919
‘Vengeance! German nation! Today in the Hall of mirrors
the disgraceful treaty is being signed. Do not forget it. The
German people will with unceasing labour press forward to
reconquer the place among nations to which it is entitled.
Then will come vengeance for the shame of 1919’
What does this source tell us about how Germans felt about
the Treaty?
What does it tell us about what Germans wanted to do
about the Treaty?
CARTOON ANALYSIS
• For cartoon analysis ask yourself the following:
•
Time – what time period is the cartoon from
•
Action – what is the “motion” happening
•
Caption – what is written outside the picture & within the picture
•
Objects – identify important objects that are critical to the meaning
CLEMENCEAU THE VAMPIRE, 1919
What can you learn from this
source about how Germans felt
about the Treaty of Versailles?
Level 1 – D - F
Short sentence answer
Simple observations – describes what can be seen
Level 2 – C
Longer sentences
Describes what can be seen
Can give a simple explanation of what the cartoon might
mean
Level 3 – B
Long sentences, answer in a paragraph
Describes what can be seen accurately
Explains the overall meaning of the cartoon
Addresses the question simply
Level 4 – A
Complex sentence, possibly more than 1 paragraph
Describes the key features of the picture, explaining
what each one represents and means
Writes a conclusion that answers the question
Analyse these
4 cartoons in
your assigned
groups
EXTENSION – DESIGN YOUR OWN
POLITICAL CARTOON!
• Design your own cartoon about the Treaty of Versailles – Think!
• Are you producing it from a British or German point of view?
• How will you represent the different sides?
• What will the title of your cartoon be?
• What is the title? How will you use text?
• You must include a TITLE, PICTURE, CAPTION, & SUMMARY of your cartoon
• You must also include a OPVL analysis of your cartoon...
• Design a OPVL analysis appropriate for your cartoon!
EXIT CARD
• Explain why Germany lost WWI.
• In what ways was the Treaty of Versailles unfair?
• What were the political, economic, and social consequences of the treaties
following WWI?