■ Essential Question:
–What were the terms of the Treaty of
Versailles that ended World War I?
Creating a Treaty of Versailles, 1919
■ Students will be assigned to won of 3 groups
including Britain, France, & United States and
will create a Treaty of Versailles to end the war
–In your groups, review the things that are
most important to you & develop a plan
–Break into treaty groups & negotiate a
treaty with the 2 other nations
–After you have created your treaty, add up
your points and see which nation won
Topic
War Guilt
Should this clause be included in the treaty?
“Germany is responsible for all the damage of the war”
Army
How many troops will Germany be allowed to
maintain?
How many airplanes should Germany be allowed to
keep?
Navy
How many battleships will Germany be allowed to
keep?
How many submarines should Germany be allowed to
keep?
Rhineland--The area between France and Germany
(Choose one)
Germany split up into many tiny states.
Britain France
Yes/No
Number
Number
Number
Number
Check one box
Rhineland made an independent state free of Germany
control
Germany is not allowed to keep its military in the
Rhineland
Reparations
How much money should Germany be forced to pay?
League of Nations
Should a League of Nations be created to maintain
peace in the world after World War I?
New Territories
Alsace Lorraine (land taken by Germany in 1871)
should be returned to France
How many billion
dollars
Yes/No
Yes/No
Recognize the Polish people and create a nation of
Poland from lands taken from Germany and Russia
Yes/No
German overseas colonies should be taken from them
and made into ‘mandates’ overseen by European
powers.
Yes/No
Austria-Hungary should be split into two smaller,
weaker nations: Hungary and Austria
Yes/No
Recognize the Czech people and create Czechoslovakia
from land taken from Austria-Hungary and Germany
Yes/No
Given independence to former Russian territories of
Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia
Yes/No
Recognize Slavic nationalism and give the Slavic
territories of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Serbia
Yes/No
Total Points
USA
World War I was
On November 11, 1918, the
fought between the
Germany government
Allies & Central Powers agreed to an armistice &
from 1914 to 1918
World War I came to an end
World War I was the
largest, most deadly,
& most destructive war
the world had yet seen
8.5 million soldiers &
13 million civilians died
as a result of the war
World War I was the
largest, most deadly,
& most destructive war
the world had yet seen
21 million soldiers were
wounded during the war
World War I was the
Homes, farms, towns were
largest, most deadly,
destroyed; The war cost
& most destructive war $338 billion & most national
the world had yet seen
treasuries were empty
In 1919, representatives
The conference was
from 32 nations attended the led by the “Big Four”:
Paris Peace Conference to
Britain, France, Italy,
write a treaty to end the war & the United States
Neither
Central
Powers
U.S. Germany
President nor any of theFrench
Premier
were allowed
to attend…Russia
not
Woodrow
Wilson
Georgecould
Clemenceau
attend
because
they
already
quit
World
War
I
Italian Prime Minister
British Prime Minister
Vittorio Orlando
David Lloyd George
Britain
Creating
& France
a treaty would Britain
not be easy
& France
because
wanted
wanted
the to
major
weaken
powers had Germany
different agendas
to accept full
Germany so it could
blame, pay reparations, &
never go to war again
lose all overseas colonies
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
disagreed the these harsh
British
Prime Minister
punishments
for GermanyFrench Premier
David
Lloyd
George
George
Clemenceau
President Wilson presented
Italian
Prime
Minister
U.S. President
his own
peace
proposal known
Vittorio
Woodrow Wilson
as theOrlando
Fourteen Points
President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, 1918
Points 1-5: Wilson hoped to eliminate the causes
of WWI & called for an end to secret treaties
(alliances), freedom of the seas, eliminating
imperial colonies, & reducing national militaries
Points 6-13: Wilson suggested changing national
boundaries, creating new nations, & allowing
self-determination so that the people of each
nation could decide their own form of government
Point 14: Wilson wanted a League of Nations…
…that would give all
nations an opportunity
to work out their
grievances without
resorting to war
Wilson hoped that a
League of Nations
could peacefully
negotiate solutions to
future conflicts
Britain & France disagreed These compromises led
with many of the Fourteen to an agreement known
Points so Woodrow Wilson as the Treaty of Versailles
had to compromise
The major provisions of the Versailles Treaty included:
A League of Nations
The League covenant
that would serve as an
included an agreement
international organization
that all member
to keep peace among nations
nations would work
The League also included an together to stop future
Court of International Justice
acts of aggression
to settle disagreements
The terms of the treaty severely punished Germany
Germany had to
Germany was forced to sign the
give up land in
“war guilt clause” accepting all
Europe & all of its blame for the war & pay $33 billion
overseas colonies
in reparations to the Allies
The German military was reduced to
100,000 troops, 6 warships, no submarines,
& could not manufacture war equipment
In
addition,
the
Treaty
of
Versailles
Land
was
taken
from
Germany
to create
Ottoman
Empire was
Central Europe was redrawn
redrewthe
the
map
ofofEurope
& the
Middle
Poland;
The
German-French
border
wasEast
Britain
& France
to reduce
power
the divided;
New nations
wereacreated
demilitarized
toEmpire
avoid
future invasion
gained
mandates in the
Austro-Hungarian
from territories that Russia gave
Middle East
up when it left the war early
The mandates gave Britain
Europe
& oil
the Middle East
& France control
over
Before
&
After
World
War
I
resources in the Middle East
On June 28, 1919, Germany & the major
Allied Powers signed the Treaty of Versailles
and World War I officially came to an end
Most nations
celebrated the official
end of World War I
But, Germans protested the
harsh terms & resented their
gov’t for signing the treaty
“Down with the
brutal peace!”
In the United States, reactions to
the Treaty of Versailles were mixed
According to the
U.S. Constitution,
only the Senate can
approve treaties
Many Senators feared
that signing the treaty
& joining the League
would force America
to become involved in
future wars
Members of the League of Nations (in black)
As a result, the USA
never signed the
treaty or joined the
League of Nations
World War I was the largest war the world had yet
seen & it changed the way future wars were fought
Nations used total war
tactics to commit all their
resources to winning,
drafted soldiers, rationed,
used propaganda
New war technologies
increased the rates of
death & destruction to
unprecedented levels
The war changed
expectations for women
& led to voting rights for
women in many nations
World War I was the largest war the world had yet
seen & it changed the way future wars were fought
22 million soldiers &
civilians died in the war;
An entire generation of
Europeans was killed
Many places in Europe
were destroyed
The war devastated the
economies of European
nations who had little
money to rebuild & few
jobs to offer citizens
The terms of the Versailles Treaty caused problems
& bitterness in many nations, especially Germany
The Treaty of Versailles
was said to be a “peace
built on quicksand”
The treaty did not address
the M.A.I.N. causes of WWI
The League of Nations did
not include the USA & its
leaders would do anything
to avoid another war
High unemployment &
desire for revenge would
lead to aggressive dictators
in the 1920s & 1930s