Industry
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sewing Machines
Farm Equipment
Guns
20k miles of track
Telegraph lines
North
Agriculture
1.
2.
3.
Rural Society
Economy relies on
crops – cotton
Rivers – transportation
South
Most immigrants settled in the North
Few settled South – lack of work
Immigrants feared slavery for 2 reasons
1.
2.
Labor competition
Status reduction



David Wilmot introduces
bill
“neither slavery or
involuntary servitude
shall ever exist”
Bill would ban slavery in
territories acquired
from Mexico

Provision divides Congress along regional lines
Northerners were angry:
1.
2.
3.
Southerners refused to support the American
System
Slave States = more members in Congress
Deny economic opportunities to Northern
workers
Southerners oppose Proviso:
1. Raised complex issues – slaves are property
2. Property protected by Constitution
3. Law would equate to power shift benefiting the
North
Provision passes the House
of Representatives, but is
rejected by the Senate

Population explosion

Constitutional convention held
1.
2.
3.
Constitution adopted
Governor elected
Legislature elected
Applies to join Union




Missouri Compromise
application desired
Resulting in California
becoming a…
President Taylor – States
decision
Southern threat –
succession
1.
2.
3.
4.
California
Border dispute
Abolish slavery in D.C.
Enforce Fugitive Slave Act if 1793
More effective
slave act
Popular
Sovereignty
$10 million to
Texas for New
Mexico
California
free
2. Popular
Sovereignty
1.
North
South
1.
2.
3.

Consequences for noncompliance
1.Disunion
2.War
Webster
and
Calhoun agree
on compromise


Senate rejects compromise
Stephen A. Douglas reintroduces the
compromise in sections

Compromise passes after eight months

Secession threat halted







What were the two main reasons that the
North feared slavery?
List three or four ways in which the North and
South differed?
Describe the Wilmot Proviso and Explain why it
was supported by Northerners
Why did California’s application for statehood
create an uproar?
What is popular sovereignty?
Who pushed for the passage of the compromise
after it was rejected by the Senate?
What were the two main reasons that the
North feared slavery?
1. Labor Competition
2. Status Reduction

List three ways in which the North and South
differed?
1. Agriculture
2. Industrial
3. Slavery
4. Immigrants


-

-

-
Describe the Wilmot Proviso?
Law that would close slavery to new territory
acquired from Mexico
Explain why it was supported by Northerners
It prevented the expansion of slavery
Why did California’s application for statehood
create an uproar?
Because California banned slavery, thereby
making it a free state
What is popular sovereignty?
- Residence vote on slavery issue for their state
Who pushed for the passage of the
compromise after it was rejected by the
Senate?
- Stephen Douglas
How was Douglas able to get the compromise
to pass Congress?
-Unbundling
FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT - PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWS
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD – HARRIET TUBMAN
HARRIET BEECHER STOWE – UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
KANSAS/NEBRASKA ACT - JOHN BROWN
BLEEDING KANSAS
Fugitive Slave Act (Personal Voice pg.311 )
(escaped slaves returned to bondage)
 Federal Commissioners earned
$10 if they returned the slave and
$5 if they freed them
 Personal Liberty Laws – 9 states
Forbid imprisonment of slaves and
Guaranteed jury trials – drag out
 Penalty for helping a slave
$1000 fine



1.
2.
Resisting the Law:
Northerners:
Organize vigilance
committees
Violence
Nine states pass “personal
liberty laws”
1.
Banned imprisonment of
slaves
2.
Guaranteed trial by jury
The Underground Railroad:
The evolution…
A network of free blacks
and sympathetic Anglo's
(abolitionist) would aid
slaves in their escape
Slaves hid in secret tunnels
or “cupboards”
Once North - options





Harriet Tubman
Conductor
19 trips
300 slaves
Armed with pistol

Chicago, Illinois

Detroit, Michigan

Sandusky, Ohio

Erie, Pennsylvania

Boston, Massachusetts

Montreal, Canada

Uncle Tom’s Cabin:

Harriet Beecher Stowe
(1811-1896)

Reaction to the book
1.
2.
Northerners protest
slave act
Southerners criticize it
as an attack on the
South
If Passed; act would…
1. Repeal the Missouri Compromise
2. Establish popular sovereignty

Both states north of Missouri Compromise
Line
Kansas-Nebraska Act would divide states
between North & South
1. Kansas – South
2. Nebraska – North
- Act becomes law in May 1854


Popular Sovereignty encourage
influx

The race was on…
Northerners & Southerners
attempt to populate Kansas.

March 1855 minimum
population met

Missouri residents invade &
vote illegally

Proslavery wins out in Kansas






Antislavery settlers establishes town
Proslavery grand jury condemns town
Posse burns headquarters
Loot homes
Destroy towns newspapers printing press








John Brown responds to Lawrence incident
Believed God called on him to fight slavery
Brown believes people were killed in Lawrence
Brown seeks revenge
May 24th he and followers attack 5 men
Hacked off their heads
Incident leads to wide spread violence
200 people killed, brown leaves Kansas



Charles Sumner delivers speech attacking
colleagues
Andrew Butler – verbally attacked
Preston Brooks retaliates; hitting Sumner over
the head repeatedly with a cane
COMPLETE 1 -4 AND EOC PRACTICE PAGE 317
THEN BEGIN TO READ “THE BIRTH OF THE
REPUBLICAN PARTY (SECTION 3 318-323)
HOMEWORK MAKE SURE YOU FINISH ABOVE
READING AND 324-331 SECTION 4 (SLAVERY
AND SECESSION

Dread Scott
Supreme (racist) Court
“slaves were property, not
people, and therefore could
go into a slave state and
still be a slave.”
This made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

-
The Decision
“Slaves do not have the right of citizens”
Lincoln challenges
Douglas
The debates focused on
slavery in the territories
Douglas – though he did
not think slavery was
immoral, popular
sovereignty would allow
slavery to pass away on
its own


1.
2.
3.
October 16, 1859, John
Brown leads 21 men
Goal:
Seize federal arsenal in
Virginia
Give weapons to slaves in
area
Start uprising

Military attacks house
where Brown held
hostages

10 of Brown’s men die

Brown captured &
charged with treason

December 2, 1859 –
hung

Brown viewed as a
martyr in North
Republican Nomination:

Senator William Seward v. Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln win nomination
Other Presidential Candidates:
1. J.C Breckinridge – Southern Democrat
2. Stephen A. Douglas – Northern Democrat
3. John Bell – Constitutional Union



The election proved that the south no
longer had a political voice.
South Carolina responds
William Sherman (Personal Voice 330)
Southern States take note:
1. Mississippi
2. Florida
3. Alabama
4. Georgia
5. Louisiana
6. Texas


1.
2.
February 4, 1861- Confederate States of America
Constitution created:
Slavery “protected & recognized”
Each State “Sovereign & Independent”
Former U.S. Senator Jefferson Davis
elected president

Seven slave states secede but eight remain

Members of Congress & Cabinet resign

President Buchanan confused & unsure what
steps needed to be taken.

What region of the country favored the
Wilmot Proviso? North

Clay, Calhoun and Webster supported the
Compromise of 1850

Secession

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Members of the Know-Nothing Party did not
support rights of immigrants


Horace Greeley was one of the founders of the
Republican Party.
The topic of the Lincoln-Douglas debate was the
issue of slavery in the territories

Know all seven Confederate states

West Virginia refused to secede

The fact that the Southern economy was rural &
consisted of mostly plantations its economy became
dependant on slavery


1.
2.
3.
Henry Clay offered the compromise in
hopes of avoiding a war over slavery
Northern resistance
Underground Railroad
Lengthy legal battles
Passage of personal liberty laws



-
Passage of the Kansas – Nebraska Act
resulted in popular sovereignty in both states
Lincoln became a republican after leaving the
Whig party
Buchannan defeats Fremont in 1856 election
As a result, the South remains in the Union




Lincoln felt that slavery was morally &
politically wrong
A result of Harpers Ferry was an increase in
tensions between North & south
People who supported nativism feared &
opposed immigration
1856, democrat James Buchanan won election




Know-Nothing Party started as a secret
organization
Republicans were united in that they opposed
slavery
Free-Soil Party did not want slavery in the
territories
In the Lincoln debates Stephen A. Douglas
argued that popular sovereignty would allow
slavery to pass away on its own