DO NOW!
After taking your seat, take out your binder and turn to
the Bellringer! Section
Also, take out your agenda
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BELLRINGER!
Turn to page 77 of your “History Alive! The United States” Textbook
Write a paragraph describing the picture at the bottom half of the
scene. Your paragraph should include the following:
-
The who, what, when, where, and why of the picture.
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What do you believe is happening in the picture?
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What is the overall tone of the picture?
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What are some interesting details found in the picture?
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HOMEWORK
• Continue working on your Colonial Newspaper Projects
• Binder Check on Friday!
• American Revolution Test on Tuesday, September 23!!
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RECAP
• When the governor of Massachusetts learned that the
colonist were stockpiling weapons and gunpowder in
Concord, he decided to attack
• Colonial spies heard of the British plans, sent three
riders to warn Lexington and Concord the British were
coming
• William Dawes, Samuel Prescott, and Paul Revere
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6
“SHOT HEARD ‘ROUND THE WORLD”
• When the British arrived at Lexington, group of
minutemen were there to stop them
• Suddenly, a shot was fired, and then each side began
firing at each other
• Dubbed “Shot Heard ‘Round the World” because it
was first shot of the war
• Colonists defeated at Lexington, British defeated at
Concord, war begins!
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SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
• In May 1775, three weeks after the Battles of Lexington and
Concord, the colonists met again in Philadelphia for the Second
Continental Congress
• All colonies eventually participated
• Famous leaders in attendance:
• John and Samuel Adams
• Patrick Henry
• Richard Henry Lee
• George Washington
• Benjamin Franklin
• John Hancock
• Thomas Jefferson
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SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
• Achieved the following:
• Printed money
• Set up a post office
• Established better relations with Native Americans with treaties
• Created a continental army, and made George Washington
leader of that army
• Sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III
• Elected John Hancock the president of the Second Continental
Congress
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WHAT WAS THE OLIVE BRANCH PETITION…
•
The Olive Branch Petition
was a document sent to
King George III that asked
the king to protect the
colonists’ rights and
informed him that the
colonists did not want to
have a war.
•
King George III refused to
even read the petition
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EARLY BATTLES…
• Fort Ticonderoga
• A group of New Englanders, known as the Green
Mountain Boys and led by Ethan Allan, decided to
attack Fort Ticonderoga located in New York
• The British were forced to surrender when they were
caught off guard and the colonists gained cannons,
ammunition, and other needed materials for their war
effort!
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EARLY BATTLES…
• Bunker Hill
• The militia would set up forts at Bunker Hill and Breed’s
Hill, across from the Boston Harbor.
• British soldiers marched up Bunker Hill to take control of
the fort.
• The colonial militia had a limited supply of ammunition.
• So…… William Prescott shouted “Don’t fire until you see
the whites of their eyes,” so that they would not waste
ammunition.
• The British won but they lost 1000 soldiers.
• Once colonists heard of the battles, had to decide whether
they were Loyalists or Patriots
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COLONISTS TAKE THE OFFENCE TO CANADA!
• George Washington led a group of militia and
captured Montreal.
• Benedict Arnold led a failed American attack on
Quebec.
• Later, Arnold would help the British and become an
American traitor.
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DECLARING INDEPENDENCE!!
• The Second Continental Congress chose a
committee to draft a Declaration of Independence.
• This committee included:
Thomas Jefferson (selected to write the Declaration)
John Adams
Roger Sherman
Robert Livingston
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson
a.k.a TJ
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THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
• It took Jefferson about
2 weeks to write the
Declaration of
Independence.
• Congress approved the
Declaration of
Independence on July
4, 1776.
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THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
• John Hancock, president of the Congress, was the first
person to sign the Declaration of Independence.
• Eventually 55 people would sign the Declaration of
Independence.
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THE DECLARATION: SECTIONS
• The Declaration of Independence has 4 major
sections.
The preamble (introduction)
2 sections that include the colonists’ rights and
complaints against King George III
The conclusion which states the colonies existence
of a new nation
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THE DECLARATION: WHAT IT STATES
• The Declaration of Independence list 3 major
freedoms of the citizens:
Right of life
Right of liberty
and the pursuit of happiness
• The Declaration of Independence also states that if
Britain did not protect the basic freedoms of the
citizens, the colonies had the right to alter or abolish
(to end) the British gov’t and create their own!
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PEOPLE LEFT OUT…
• The Declaration of Independence excluded many
colonists. While it declared that “all men are created
equal,” the document did not mention the following
groups:
• Women
• Enslaved Africans
• Native Americans
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TIME TO WORK ON PROJECTS!!!
DO NOW!!
Get out your binder and turn to the Bellringer section!!
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BELLRINGER!
You have grown up on a farm in South Carolina. You know every inch of the
marshes and woods around your home. You are too young to join the
Continental Army, but you have heard stories about a brave group of
soldiers who carry out quick raids on the British, then disappear into the
woods. These fighters get no pay and live in constant danger.
Would you consider joining the fighters? Why or why not?
• Consider what you have to offer
• Consider what you might gain
• Consider the risks
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OPPOSING SIDES…
• British advantages:
 Strongest navy in the
world
 Well-trained army
 A lot of $$
 Larger population
•
Colonial disdvantages
 Lack of a regular army
 Weak navy
 Soldiers lacked military
experience
 Low weapons and
ammunition
 Not all Americans
supported the war
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AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING THE WAR
• Many African Americans were Loyalists
• Some African Americans fought on the British side b/c Lord
Dunmore, announced if they did, they would be freed at the
end of the war.
• John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore
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HOWEVER…
• Colonial advantages during the war
Fighting on own soil
British hire soldiers who did not care who won the
war.
Had GW
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RAISING AN ARMY
• Congress had a hard time raising an army
• Militia wanted to go home
• Women even began to fight in the war
• Example: Deborah Sampson
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AFRICAN AMERICANS FOR THE COLONISTS
• GW wanted African Americans to fight, asked Congress for
permission
• Southern states against this; fear of slaves revolting
• Eventually, all states allowed African Americans to fight,
except South Carolina
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GW SEES MORE OPPORTUNITY
• Normally, no fighting during winter months
• GW saw the British unprotected in Trenton
• Sent 2,400 troops + surprised British = colonial victory!
• Battle of Trenton
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ONTO THE BATTLE OF SARATOGA…
• After Trenton, British retreat to Saratoga
• British issues:
The Brits expected back up from the west and south
to arrive; never did.
The colonist would surround and trap Brits from the
retreating.
Having no food and wounded soldiers, the British
surrendered.
• Major turning point in war!
31
AFTER SARATOGA
• Ben Franklin had been working of getting financial aid from
French
• Saratoga helped convince France
• France openly declared war on Britain, sent troops, $$ and
aid to America
32
DIFFICULT WINTER
• GW and troops made camp at
Valley Forge
• Suffered the following:
 Lack of decent food
 Lack of clothing
 Lack of shelter
 Troops left w/o permission
 Officers resigned w/o warning.
33
TROOPS SURVIVE WINTER
• Things start to improve
• Soldiers build huts, gather food and materials from
countryside
• GW’s wife, Martha, even helped; made clothes, cared
for troops
34
FOREIGN AID
• Marquis De Lafayette
• French nobleman
• Wanted to help colonists, join the fight
• Survived Valley Forge
• Convinced France to give more $$ and aid to American
independence
America still needed more $$$...
35
FOREIGN AID CONTINUED
• Spain!!
• Bernardo de Galvez gathers small army of soldiers
• French Americans, colonists, Native Americans
• Took control of all British Forts from LA to FL
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LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT
• Women had to take over duties of men who were fighting
• Betsy Ross – made first American flag for GW
• Abigail Adams (John Adams’ wife) urged husband to include
women when declaring independence from Britain
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OUT ON THE HIGH SEAS…
• Britain used navy to patrol and block American waterways,
stop shipping of supplies and reinforcements
• Congress ordered construction of 13 new ships to fight
problem
• American capts. destroy 4 ships to keep them from British
navy, Brits capture and destroy the rest
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AMERICAN PRIVATEERS
• Privately owned ships with weapons
• Captured more British ships than American navy
• John Paul Jones
• Attacked British in ship, Bonhomme Richard, fought for
over 3 hours
• Even though successful in attack, his ship still sank
• Became naval hero
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EXIT TICKET!
State one advantage the British had and one advantage the Americans had during
the American Revolution.
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DO NOW!!
Get out your Colonial Newspapers, ready to turn in
Get out your binder and turn to the Notes section!!
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BATTLE OF YORKTOWN!
• In 1781, war was not going well for the Americans.
• Foreign aid had not ended war
• British still held most of south
• Benedict Arnold!
• Regrouped under Nathaniel Greene, began harassing
General Charles Cornwallis in the Carolinas
• Cornwallis moved 7,200 men to Yorktown, VA
• Big mistake!
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VICTORY IN YORKTOWN!
• GW ordered Marquis de Lafayette to block British
escape by land
• GW led his own 2,500 troops, combined them with
4,000 French troops on swift march to VA
• Surrounded Cornwallis on all sides
• On October 19, 1781 Cornwallis surrenders, GW takes
8,000 British prisoners
• Last major battle of the American Revolution
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TREATY OF PARIS
• Lacking $$ for new army, British entered peace talks
with Americans
• John Jay, John Adams, and Ben Franklin sent to Paris
to negotiate
• 2 years to come to agreement
• Treaty of Paris 1783:
• British recognized US as an independent nation
• Set US borders
• Accepted US right to settle land west of 13 colonies
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