The Hundred
Years War
Carmen Huwe and Scott Veenhuis
What is the Hundred
Years War?
The Hundred Years War was a series of conflicts waged
from 1337 to 1453, between the Kingdom of England
and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for
control of the French throne.
As dukes of Normandy, the English Kings
owed homage to the King of France. In 1337,
Edward III of England refused to pay homage
to Philip VI of France, which lead to the
confiscation of Edward's lands in Aquitaine.
Why did Edward do this?
Edward believed that he was the rightful king of
France, because Charles the IV had died
without a male heir. A claim for the
succession had been made for Edward
through his mother, Isabella, who was the
daughter of former king of France, Philip IV.
Instead, the throne was given to the son of
Philip's younger brother, Charles.
What question do we want
answer?
Why did both sides continually break treaties,
and wage war with one another? What would
have been potentially gained?
Commonly divided into
three phases
•
• Edwardian Era War (1337-1360)
•
Caroline War (1369-1389)
•
Lancastrian War (1415-1453)
Edwardian Era War
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•
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•
Began in 1337 when Edward refused to pay
homage to Philip.
Philip confiscated the duchy of Aquitaine.
Edward formed alliances with nobles of
Flanders and the Low Countries
Although England was smaller than France,
it was still able to muster a large army.
Edwardian Continued
•
•
•
England took control of large areas
of southwestern France, and the
northern coastal city of Calais.
Battle of Poitiers - 1356
o English captured King John of France
Treaty of Bretigny
o John ransomed for 3 million crowns and Aquitaine
given to England
o Edward gave up claim to French throne
Caroline War
•
•
•
Fighting began again in 1369 when France
and England backed different sides in a
dispute over the Castilian throne
French throne was assumed by
Charles V, who worked to rebuild
French military.
Edward III and his son, the Black Prince,
were increasingly unable to lead campaigns
because of illness.
Caroline Continued
•
•
•
England was on the edge of financial
collapse, as well as suffering from internal
political problems
Charles VI of France was also suffering from
mental illness, which handicapped the
furthering of a war by the French
Government.
England and France came to a peace
agreement in 1389 through the Treaty of
Leulinghem.
TRUCE! .... for now...
•
•
•
•
Both sides faced major internal issues that
could badly damage their kingdoms if the
war were to continue.
Originally negotiated to last 3 years, but was
later extended by 24 years.
Peace lasted for 13 years until Henry made
a series of aggressive political moves
against France in 1402.
France re-entered war in 1403.
Lancastrian War
•
•
•
•
•
Henry V invaded France in 1415
Battle of Agincourt
o
Outnumbered English won through use of longbow
English took control of most of Northern
France
Negotiated a new treaty with Charles VI in
1420
Treaty of Troyes
•
•
The Treaty of Troyes was an agreement that
Henry V of England, as well as his heirs was
inherit the throne of France upon the death
of Charles VI of France.
This was just the first phase in a series of
conflicts later in the Hundred Years War in
which various English kings attempted to
establish their claims to the French throne.
Hundred Year's War:
The Tide Turns
•
•
•
•
Charles VII essentially plays past the Treaty
of Troyes and continues the war.
In 1428, English forces laid siege to Oreans.
English were gaining upper hand
in siege, until the arrival of Joan
of Arc.
After her capture and execution,
French advance slowed.
Overall Victor of the War
•
•
•
•
•
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English lost lands in France except for city
Calais
French kept control of own throne
French land and economy devastated by
war
English economy
devastated.
MONEY!
Did either side really win?
Conclusion
To answer our previous question, it seems as
though the war was all about:
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•
•
•
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Controlling the French throne.
Gaining control over more land.
Alliances with outside forces.
Ignored homage to France, and ownership
of the duchy of Aquitaine
National pride
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Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War
http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars12011400/tp/The-HundredYears-War-An-Overview.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truce_of_Leulinghem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Troyes
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/hundred_years_war_01.s
html