COLD WAR
WARM-UP: GRAB PACKET & DEFINE
VOCAB AT TOP OF PAGE 1
• Schedule
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Warm-Up
PowerPoint
Cold War Europe Map
Primary Source Analysis—Iron Curtain, Stalin’s Rebuttal
• Closure: How did the Cold War come about? How
did the Cold War escalate?
• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 1
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
• After WWII ended, political
relationships became
tenuous
• US and Soviet Union
allied against Nazi
Germany (world threat)
• After war, didn’t trust
each other  political +
economic differences
• The future of Eastern
Europe was the most
contentious issue
• As Soviet Union was pushing back
Nazis armies on the eastern front,
they came to control various
European countries
• Stalin promised US and Britain to hold free
elections
• Instead he installed communist
governments
• US & Soviets accused each other of
trying to conquer these states
• The alliance deteriorated into a 40+
year feud  Cold War
• No direct fighting between US and Soviet
Union
• If US was fighting, Soviet Union supply
enemy and vice versa
• Other countries were battleground for
supremacy  Korea, Cuba, Vietnam,
Afghanistan
BERLIN AIRLIFT
• First showdown between US and Soviet Union
• 1945, Allies agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones  British,
French, American & Soviet
• Western countries merged their zones to planned to create
West Germany
• Stalin worried West Germany would threaten Soviet Union
• German capital, Berlin, was in Soviet zone
• But city was divided into East and West Berlin
• 1948, Stalin blocked all routes into Berlin
• Wanted to starve people in West Berlin and force them
to accept communism and Soviet rule
• In response, President Truman ordered air-force to
drop food, fuel & equipment into the city
• Lasted for a full year  Stalin gave up
blockade
• Divided Germany  East Germany (communist)
v. West Germany (democratic)
• Truman’s strategy in Cold
War was containment—stop
spread of communism
through military and
nonmilitary ways
• Truman Doctrine—promise
help to countries fighting
to keep democracy
• Marshall Plan—tried to
stop spread of
communism by helping
Europe’s economy ($13
billion)
• 1949, countries formed NATO  North Atlantic
Treaty Organization  fight communism
• US, Canada, Western European countries
• In response, Soviet Union and Eastern European
countries formed their own military alliance—
Warsaw Pact
WARM-UP: TRUMAN DOCTRINE
PRO/CON  PAGES 6-7
• Schedule
• Warm-Up
• PowerPoint
• Reading Analysis—Immigrant Bill & HUAC interrogation of
Walt Disney
• Closure: How did the US domestically change post
WWII (5-6 things)?
• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 1
PEACETIME ADJUSTMENTS: WORKERS
• After war, most industries reduced work forces
• Factories closed & thousands of workers (mostly women)
laid off
• In addition, 10 million veterans needed jobs
• They replaced many women workers
• Women went back to more traditional jobs (nursing,
teaching)
• During WWII, unions agreed not to strike or ask for raises
• But 1946, 4 million union workers went on strike (better
pay)
• President Harry S. Truman threatened to break it up
• Strike settled before he did
PEACETIME ADJUSTMENTS: ECONOMY
• Instead of slowing down, postwar
economy boomed
• People wanted to purchase goods
they could not during war
• Increased demand for goods =
higher prices
• High demand for houses after war
• William Levitt used assembly-line
techniques to mass-produce
cheap houses
PEACETIME ADJUSTMENTS: CIVIL RIGHTS
• African Americans (especially veterans)
hoped for better equality after war
• But little changed
• In South, blacks were threatened or killed if tried
to vote
• So Truman created civil rights commission
• Also outlawed racial segregation &
discrimination in military
• This was US govt.’s 1st attempt to deal w/ racial
issues
• Truman then proposed Fair Deal – extension of
New Deal
• Called for new housing & jobs & end to racial
discrimination in hiring
• Congress fought against him – ruined most of his
plans
COLD WAR AT HOME: RED SCARE
• Many Americans feared communism
would spread inside U.S.
• Two famous spy trials confirmed their
fears
• Alger Hiss (former State Dept. official)
accused of passing military secrets to
Soviets
• Jailed for perjury (lying under oath) in 1950
• Ethel & Julius Rosenberg (American
Communist Party) convicted for giving
atomic bomb secrets to Russians
• Both were executed 1953
• 1947, Truman had 4 million govt.
workers undergo loyalty checks
• Several thousand workers
forced to resign
• House Un-American Activities
Committee (HUAC) started
targeting movie industry
• Many careers ruined by
blacklists – unofficial lists of
suspected Communists
• Fear of communism spread
through America in 1950s
WARM-UP: READ 2 DOCUMENTS ON
PAGES 12-13 AND ANSWER QUESTIONS
• Schedule
•
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Warm-Up
Majestic clip—Blacklist
PowerPoint
Reading Analysis—McCarthy’s Wheeling Speech, HUAC
testimonies, American spy files
• Closure: What impact did McCarthyism have in
shaping US history?
• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 2
JOSEPH MCCARTHY
• Senator Joseph McCarthy was Republican
• He led fight against Communist conspirators
• Thousands of people lost jobs & reputations b/c
of him
MCCARTHYISM & COMMUNISM
• Senator Joseph McCarthy used
America’s frustration w/ govt.’s
efforts to stop communism
• February 1950, McCarthy said he
had list of 205 State Dept. officials
who were Communists
• Charges were never proven
• His claims launched hunt for
communists, ruining lives of
thousands of people
• McCarthyism – reckless charges
against innocent citizens
ARMY-MCCARTHY HEARINGS
• 1954, Senate held televised hearings
• McCarthy accused army of “coddling Communists”
• Army lawyer asked McCarthy: “Have you no sense of
decency?”
• Senate criticized McCarthy’s behavior
• He eventually faded out of the spotlight
WARM-UP: POLITICAL CARTOON
ANALYSIS ON PAGE 20
• Schedule
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Warm-Up
PowerPoint
McArthur v. Truman
Modern Korean Conflict Crisis
• Closure: How does Korean War in the 1950s relate to
current history?
• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 2
Quiz Tuesday
COLD WAR & KOREA
• Following Japan’s defeat in 1945,
Soviet troops occupied Korea
north of the 38th parallel while US
troops occupied area south of the
line
• By agreement, both Soviet and
American forces withdrew from
Korea in 1948
• By this time, Korea had been
practically separated at 38th
parallel into two distinct countries:
• Communist North
• Democratic South
• 1949, Chinese Communist
Party (led by Mao Tse
Tung) defeated
Nationalists in civil war in
China
• Nationalists (led by Chang
Kai-shek)fled to Taiwan
(island off coast of China)
• American fear of
communism continued
to grow  Domino
Theory
• Events in Korea only
increased these fears
CONFLICT ERUPTS IN KOREA
• June 1950, North Korean forces
crossed 38th parallel into South
Korea
• Truman saw this as threat to
containment
• U.S. asked United Nations to stop
Communists
• In the Korean War, U.N. supplied
soldiers from 16 countries
• U.S. troops made up most of force
• Led by WWII hero General Douglas
MacArthur
• North Koreans forces close in around
tip of South Korea
• MacArthur landed troops at Inchon
(behind N. Korean lines)
CHINA ENTERS THE WAR
• Surrounded, N. Korean
forces retreated
• UN forces pushed them
back to Yalu River
(boundary of Communist
China)
• China thought UN
threatening them – China
threatened to enter war if
US continue advancing
• MacArthur ignored
them
• November 25, 1950, hundreds of
thousands of Chinese soldiers
entered N. Korea
• By early 1951, both sides stuck at
38th parallel
• MacArthur wanted to bomb &
blockade China
• Truman said no (worried it would
cause Soviet Union to join war)
• MacArthur disagreed & criticized
Truman publicly
• Truman fired MacArthur & told him
to come back to US
WAR ENDS IN STALEMATE
• Truman started truce talks July 1951
• 1952 election:
• Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower –
criticized war
• He promised quick end to war
• Democrat Adlai Stevenson – lost in
landslide
• Eisenhower kept his promise
• He compromised w/ N. Koreans &
Chinese to end war
• But he warned them he was ready to use
nuclear weapons
• N. & S. Korea remained split even
after war
• South Korea, US & N Korea sign truce
NOT peace treaty  still technically
at war
CNN
• http://goo.gl/WBf4O
• Kim clip, Missile Capability clip, Military hotline clip
• http://goo.gl/0OUFU
• -Strong response clip, public sentiment clip, Ready
for war clip
WARM-UP: TRUMAN DOCTRINE V.
BRINKMANSHIP DOCTRINE PAGE 23
• Schedule
• Warm-Up
• PowerPoint
• US Interactions Readings  Guatemala & Egypt
• Closure: How does the Cold War have global
implications?
• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 2 Quiz
tomorrow
ARMS RACE
• Eisenhower’s Secretary of State –
John Foster Dulles – did not like
containment
• He said US would go to brink of war to fight
communism – brinksmanship
• 1949, US learned Soviet Union had
made an atomic bomb
• Two countries began an arms race –
developing weapons w/ more
destructive power
• 1952, US built a hydrogen bomb – H-bomb
• 1955, Soviets tested own bomb
• Fear caused both sides to build up nuclear
weapons
FOREIGN INTRIGUES: CUBA
• US & Soviet Union both tried to help allies & weaken enemies
(readings)
• US attempts a coup in Cuba
• US was friends with dictator Batista who favored US businesses
and interests  Cuban majority impoverished and suffering
• Fidel Castro in 1953 charged the government with corruption
and tyranny and led revolution based on communist
ideology
• Redistribute land to poor
• Take businesses and land away from US companies and
give to Cuban people (nationalization) so Cuban can profit
• President Kennedy ordered Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961
• Use ex-Cuba exiles to overthrow Castro’s government
• Easily stopped  Huge humiliation for US
• Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev + Castro believed US try
again in 1962  Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962
• Soviet Union begin sending Cuba nuclear missiles
(only 90 miles from Florida)
• US response
• US establish naval blockade
around Cuba (to stop
shipments)
• demand Soviet Union
remove others
• claim that if the Soviets
continue, there will be war
• Soviet Union demanded that
the US remove their missiles in
the Middle East aimed at the
USSR while sending a ship with
more nukes to Cuba
• Last minute dealing to prevent
WWIII  US agreed to not
attack Cuba, Soviet Union
agreed to take nukes out of
Cuba
SPACE RACE
• 1957, two superpowers began
space race
• Soviet Union launched Sputnik –
1st space satellite
• US was shocked – scientists
scrambled to catch up
• Congress set aside billions for
space research + education
reform (science & math)
U-2 INCIDENT
• Eisenhower wanted to ease
tension by talking w/ Soviet
Union
• But two weeks before meeting
Soviet Premier Nikita
Khrushchev, Soviets shot down
American U-2 spy plane
• Eisenhower denied the pilot
was spying – until he found
out pilot was captured
• Khrushchev demanded
apology – Eisenhower said
no
WARM-UP: COLD WAR QUIZ
• Schedule
• Warm-Up
• Cold War and US society in the 1950s Assignment reading &
questions
• Closure: How does the Cold War have global
implications?
• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 3
WARM-UP: GRAB DBQ FROM CART
• Schedule
• Warm-Up
• Cold War DBQ
• Outline + Begin writing  Wednesday
• Finish Essay  Thursday
• Closure: How was the Cold War illustrated around
the world and how was the US impacted as a result?
• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 3
Outside information (3 pieces)
WARM-UP: ANSWER QUESTION ON
PAGE 28
• Schedule
• Warm-Up
• PowerPoint
• 1950s Commercial Analysis
• Closure: How did America stay the same/change in
the 1950s?
• Assignment: Assignment Packet page 3
Cold War Test Wednesday
AMERICAN DREAM
• Eisenhower’s presidency brought
growth & prosperity
• This prosperity allowed many people
to achieve “American dream”
1950S PROSPERITY
• Eisenhower hated govt. spending
• But he kept most New Deal programs
• Expanded Social Security
• Created Dept. of Health, Education, & Welfare
• Increased minimum wage & started new programs
• Highway Act of 1956 – spent $32 billion to build 41,000 miles of roads
• This act started highway system in America
• After war, many wanted comfortable, secure life
• Strong economy allowed them to buy new goods, get married, start
families, move to new areas
BABY BOOMERS & SUBURBIZATION
• During 1950s, US population grew by
30 million
• This growth came from baby
boom – sharp increase in US
birthrate after WWII
• Baby boom led to growth of
suburbs – residential areas
surrounding a city
• Families left crowded cities
for larger, single-family
homes
• As suburbs grew, car sales
increased
• 1946 – 28 million cars
• 1960 – 60 million cars
• A surge of Americans moved from
N & E to S & W
• This movement to Sun Belt
increased population of warmer
states
• By 1970, California was most
populous state
CONSUMERISM
• For millions of white
Americans, life in suburbs
was American dream
• Advertising industry
convinced consumers to
buy new products
• TV & magazine ads
showed perfect homes
w/ washing machines,
vacuum cleaners, TVs,
record players
SOCIAL CONFORMITY
• Critics argued Americans being
forced to conform – go along w/
ideas & beliefs of majority
• Magazines praised women for
being housewives
• But not all women liked this role
• Only jobs open to women –
nursing, teaching, office work
• Allen Ginsberg & Jack Kerouac led
group of writers who resisted
conformity
• These “beatniks” gave speeches &
wrote songs attacking society
THOSE LEFT BEHIND
•Not everyone had good life
in 1950s
•Many people lived in
poverty
NEGLECTED CITIES
• 1957, 1/5 of Americans were
poor (most lived in cities)
• As Americans moved to
suburbs, shops & businesses
moved with them
• Fewer people stayed in
cities (meant less tax money
for roads, firehouses,
garbage)
• W/ no one to care for
them, cities began to
decay
THE FORGOTTEN POOR
• 1950s, immigration from
Mexico increased (many
illegal)
• Others came in bracero –
temporary worker – program
• Found jobs on farms for low
wages & bad living
conditions
• Employers took advantage
of them – long hours for little
pay
A NEW GENERATION OF AMERICANS
• Some Americans enjoyed economic prosperity
• Teenagers loved new form of entertainment – rock ‘n’ roll music
• Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Fats Domino & other black
musicians had as much success as white musicians like Jerry
Lee Lewis
• But the most popular was Elvis Presley – king of rock ‘n’ roll
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ofD9t_sULM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpzV_0l5ILI
TV
• 1950s, Hollywood produced
westerns, musicals, &
romances
• But movie attendance fell as
more people watched TV
• 1960s, 9/10 of American homes
had TV
• Kids watched Lassie, The Mickey
Mouse Club, The Lone Ranger
• I Love Lucy was one of most
popular shows
• Most shows in 1950s showed perfect
wives keeping perfect homes
• But they were unrealistic
YOUTHFUL PRESIDENT
• 1960, John F. Kennedy (Democrat from Mass.) ran for
president against Republican Richard Nixon
• Kennedy promised to “get this country moving again”
• Kennedy & Nixon had 1st televised presidential debates
• These debates helped Kennedy win one of closest
elections in history
WARM-UP: ANSWER QUESTION ON
PAGE 31
• Schedule
• Warm-Up
• Reading Analysis—Good Housekeeping v. Feminine
Mystique
• Lone Rancher episode analysis
• Closure: How were women impacted by the 1950s?
• Assignment: Cold War Test Wednesday
1950S AMERICAN SOCIETY
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_FLrrrqd1E
lone ranger
• How does this portray Native Americans?
• How does the Long Ranger symbolize America?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukR8HP4bNk0
I Love Lucy—gender
WARM-UP: PICK UP REVIEW PACKET
• Schedule
• Warm-Up
• Collaborate work on review packet
• Class discussion
• Closure: How did the Cold War begin, escalate, and
impact the US?
• Assignment: Cold War Test tomorrow
WARM-UP: PICK UP SCANTRON ON
CART
• Schedule
• Warm-Up
• COLD WAR EXAM
• Closure: How did the Cold War begin, escalate, and
impact the US?
• Assignment: Cold War Test tomorrow