Unit 11 Notes:
Post World War II
& Origins of the Cold War
U.S. History & The Constitution
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
containment the taking of
1.) The U.S. began to formulate a policy of ______________,
measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries,
that was initially carried out by the Truman Doctrine.
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
2.) By 1946, the US-USSR tensions were publicly recognized. Winston Churchill
Iron Curtain
said an ____________________
had descended upon Europe.
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
3.) The conflicting U.S. & Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the
Cold War
_______________,
a conflict in which neither nation directly confronted
the other on the battlefield.
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
Truman Doctrine
4.) The _____________________
declared that “it must be the policy of the
U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by
armed members or by outside pressures (aka: keep Soviet influence from
spreading).
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
5.) Fearing that a war-torn & economically weak Western Europe
would elect socialist/communist governments, the US offered aid,
Marshall Plan
the _________________________,
to promote economic rebuilding.
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
6.) The first Soviet test of the US policy was the Berlin blockade. The US
Berlin Airlift
responded with the ________________________
& the US won this first
Cold War confrontation.
26.1: Origins of the Cold War
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
7.) The _________________________________(NATO)
established a military
alliance aimed at the USSR.
26.2: The Cold War Heats Up
China under the leadership of the American8.) After a long civil war, _______,
backed nationalist Chiang Kai-shek, fell to the communist forces led by Mao
Tse-tung (Mao Zedong). The nationalists fled to Taiwan (Formosa) & the
country then became two separate countries.
26.2: The Cold War Heats Up
9.) In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea.
At the urging of the Truman administration,
the United Nations voted unanimously to
demand a cease fire. Although the UN
supported a ‘police action’ to defend
South Korea, the majority of troops &
Korean War
financial support for the ____________
came from the US. Formal peace negotiations
ended with North Korean forces contained
above the 38th parallel, a victory for
containment at a cost of 34,000 American
lives.
26.3: The Cold War at Home
10.) Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy gave his name to the anticommunist
McCarthyism which used the tactic of the Big Lie, repeating an
crusade, _____________,
untrue accusation of affiliation with communism loudly & often, to smear
countless diplomats, artists & statesmen.
26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
11.) The test explosion of an atomic bomb by the USSR led the US to
Hydrogen Bomb & began a nuclear arms
accelerate the development of the _______________
race & then a space race.
26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
Warsaw Pact a military
12.) In 1955, the Soviet Union organized the ______________,
alliance of Eastern European nations & the USSR for defense against NATO.
26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
Eisenhower Doctrine
13.) President Eisenhower issued the ______________________
in January of
1957 in response to Soviet support for Egypt. It warned that the U.S. would
defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country.
26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge
Sputnik in 1957, resulted in
14.) The Cold War, intensified by the launch of ________
an increased emphasis on quality education, especially in science and math.
Prosperity allowed young people to stay in school longer and more young
women attended college.
1958 = Congress passed the
National Defense Education Act
to promote science & math skills
27.1: Postwar America
15.) Educational programs expanded as a result of postwar conditions.
G.I. Bill
Veterans returning from war took advantage of the __________,
also known as
the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, to attend colleges & trade schools thus
providing a more educated & skilled work force that would, in turn, promote
economic & cultural growth in the postwar period.
27.1: Postwar America
loans
16.) This education act made available federally guaranteed _________
to
veterans buying homes or starting new businesses.
27.1: Postwar America
17.) In protest to President Truman’s civil rights push, Southern Democrats,
Dixiecrats
also known as _____________,
for the States’ Rights Party, & nominated their
presidential candidate, SC governor Strom Thurmond.
27.1: Postwar America
18.) Returning veterans who married & began families needed more housing,
suburbanization
spurring _________________.
The baby boom of the late 1940s & 1950s also
contributed to the growth of suburbia.
27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
19.) The end of the Great Depression and World War II & the prosperity of
baby boom
the 1950s contributed to an explosion in the birthrate. This ______________
led to an increase in the number of school age children & placed a strain on
the educational system so that new schools were needed.
27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
20.) The wide availability of the automobile & the expansion of highways by
Interstate Highway Act during the Eisenhower
the passage of the _____________________
administration accelerated the growth of suburbs.
27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
21.) Pent-up demand for consumer goods that were unaffordable during the
Depression years & unavailable during wartime created markets for a wide
consumerism
array of goods & services and helped to recreate _____________.
27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties
22.) In the fall of 1963, American spy planes photographed missiles sites
being built in Cuba. President Kennedy placed a naval blockade around
Cuba to prevent the Soviets from arming these sites. After 13 days of
Cuban Missile Crisis
tension, an agreement was reached that ended the ___________________
and averted nuclear confrontation.