The New Imperialism
In the 1800s European nations began a new push ** IMPERIALISM the
extension of a nation’s power over other lands for economic and political gain.
Essay Explain why Westerners began to increase their search for
colonies after 1880
Economic
Power
Religious
*Access to raw
materials such as
rubber, oil, and tin
*Colonial possessions
became a symbol of
power
*Access to new
markets to sell
goods to in Asia,
Africa, and Latin
America
*Nations raced to gain
control of as much
territory as possible to
demonstrate their
strength compared to
other nations
*Europeans believed
that they had a moral
responsibility to
civilize primitive
people
The Constantly Changing White House 1880-1900
**Direct Rule officials from
the mother country were put in
charge of taxes, law and order,
and other government business
inside the colonial possession
-Great Britain and France still
used this method in areas of Asia
where they had to overthrow a
popular government to take
control.
Concerns and Issues for the Colonizing Countries
-Colonial powers did not want
their colonies to develop their
own industries.
-Colonial powers feared
giving the native peoples
political rights because they
might want full participation
in government.
*The White Man’s Burden
European belief that God
supported White Supremacy.
Thus, they believed they had a
moral responsibility to civilize the
natives in Africa.
-Native people worked on
plantations for wages kept
at poverty levels.
-Colonial governments
kept taxes high on the
peasants.
Imperialism in INDIA
Throughout the first half of the 1800s great portions of India were under
the control of a British land company called the British East India
Company (sort of like in the American colonies
In 1860 a Indian rebellion
was crushed, and the
British government took
governing power away
from the East India
Company.
IN 1876 QUEEN
VICTORIA of GREAT
BRITAIN TOOK THE
TITLE OF EMPRESS OF
INDIA!
BRITISH RULE IN INDIA….Good, Bad, and Ugly
NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
TO BRITISH RULE IN INDIA
1. British manufactured goods
destroyed local industries (like
Wal-Mart runs local business into
bankruptcy
2. The British government
charged so much in taxes that
Indian peasants were forced to
become tenant farmers or give up
their land completely.
3. ***The British government also
forced many farmers to quit growing
crops to produce cotton. THIS LEAD
TO A FOOD SHORTAGE IN INDIA
THAT CAUSED THRITY MILLION
INIANS TO STARVE TO DEATH BY
1900
Getting Hindus and Muslims to Work Together
The fighting between the Hindus and the Muslims in India kept the Indian
people from getting the British government to grant them more political freedom
**Mohandas Gandhi
-native born Indian who was
educated in England and went to
work as a lawyer serving the
interests of Indian workers in
South Africa.
-In 1915 Gandhi returned to
India to take over the Nationalist
movement and fight for the rights
of the Indian people!
The Work of Gandhi
Gandhi’s Plan of Attack????
1. NON-VIOLENT
RESISTANCE
Gandhi encouraged forms of Civil
Disobedience….which is protest
that breaks laws w/o hurting
people in the process. By
breaking unjust laws, people
can call attention to the abuses
being committed by the
oppressive government.
2. Boycotts…Gandhi called upon Indian citizens to quite buying
into British manufactured goods. Relying on British business for
goods only made the people of India more dependent on Great
Britain
U.S. Imperialism
Why Would the U.S. Start to Branch
Outside its borders?
1.
2.
Imperialism The U.S. saw the
money that could be made from
establishing colonies. The U.S.
government eyed Latin American and
Caribbean because of its sugar and
fruit plantations.
Manifest DestinyThe U.S. believed
it was our God given right to extend
ourselves outside our own borders
and share our practices with others.
It All Started in the Pacific
**Open Door Policy Signed
with China in the 1850s this treaty
allowed for free trade between all
nations in the Pacific Ocean….this
opened China and Japan to trade
with the United States.
Taking Over hawaii!
Hawaii was an island KINGDOM in the Pacific halfway between the United States and
Japan. It was the perfect spot for ships to stop and refuel and……………it was a
goldmine for American fruit companies
In 1891, *Queen Liliuokalani, the last monarch of Hawaii, tried to force
Americans evacuate from her kingdom.
*In 1893U.S. marines helped a group of Hawaiian planters who were making
money from U.S. involvement overthrow the monarchy and set up a new
government!
The Standoff in Cuba
Cuba was a Spanish colony 80 miles off the coast of Florida and
the scene of the next American military encounter!
A Group of Cuban exiles had been
training in the United States of 15 years to
re-enter Cuba and seize control away
from the Spanish colonial
government…in 1895 they got their
chance
The Cuban exiles took advantage of a economic crisis in Cuba to invade the
country and managed to seize control of Eastern Cuba and declare their
independence in September, 1895.
The Spanish sent its army across the Atlantic to take back the land from the
Cuban rebels.
President McKinley tries to resist Pressure
McKinley did not like war and truly wanted to stay out of the dispute between
Spain and the Cubans.
BUT……
February 1898….
*President McKinley sent the
battleship MAINE to
Havana, Cuba to evacuate
American business men and
their families that were living
in Cuba if the fighting got to
dangerous
Anticipating War…Spain declared
war on the U.S. April 24,
1898…..McKinley asked Congress
for a declaration of war the next
day
Twisting the Arm of Spain
For Centuries Spain had been a World Power. The United States was proving that it
was the true force to be reckoned with!
BY JULY 1898….
-U.S. Ground Forces had
captured or surrounded
most of the major cities in
Cuba
-U.S. had destroyed the
Spanish Navy in the Pacific
-U.S. had captured Guam
and forts in Puerto Rico
under Spanish control
At the end of July the Spanish government asked for peace….TREATY OF PARIS (12/10/1898)
1. Cuba gains independence
Rico and Guam
2. U.S. Pays $20 mil for Philippines
3. U.S. annexes Puerto
Teddy Roosevelt’s TOUGH Foreign Policy
Big Problems in ColumbiaThe U.S. was doing so much business in the Pacific Ocean it
became necessary to find easy access from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Building a canal
became the popular proposal and COLUMBIA controlled the best spot to build the canal…the
Isthmus of Panama
OPPORTUNITY Panama was a
colony of the Columbian government
and the people of Panama were waging
a revolution against Columbia to gain
their independence.
Roosevelt ignored Columbia’s right to control their own land and sent navy
warships to Panama to prevent Columbia from sending troops in to put down
the revolt. The revolt was successful and Panama declared its independence
in 1903
Roosevelt Places His Finger on Latin America
The New Panamanian government gave the U.S. rights to a 10 mile strip
of land called the Canal Zone. Here the U.S. build the Panama Canal
which connected the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
-Roosevelt’s decision to aid the
revolution against Columbia was
criticized throughout the world. (A
Imperialist Tyrant!)
-In 1999 the U.S.
government turned full
control over the canal
zone to the
Panamanian
government.
Roosevelt Talks Tough and Backs it Up
Roosevelt Made Two Very Strong Stances to Put European Nations
in their Place and Clean up the Economic Messes of our Neighbors
to the South!
*Big Stick Diplomacy
Stated that the U.S. would remain the
dominant force in the Western
Hemisphere and anyone who
interfered with our interests in the
west would be met with military
force!
*Roosevelt Corollary
An amendment to the Monroe
Doctrine, the corollary stated that the
U.S. WOULD ACT AS A POLICEMAN
IN LATIN AMERICA. THE U.S.
WOULD INTERVENE IN LATIN
AMERICAN AFFAIRS WHEN THEY
BELIEVED IT WAS NECESSARY TO
MAINTAIN STABILITY IN THE
REGION.
From 1908-1922 the U.S. set up new governments
in Nicaragua, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba,
and the Virgin Islands
Imperialism
Lets look at a couple samples of how questions look
on the OGT that will test your knowledge of European
and American imperialism
During the Spanish-American
War, the U.S. Navy destroyed
the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay
in the Philippines. The U.S.
Congress later voted for
annexation of the Philippines.
What was one reason for this
act of U.S. imperialism?
A. to provide the U.S. with a
valuable naval base in the
Pacific
B. to provide the U.S. with a place
to relocate its immigrant
population
C. to decrease the U.S. need to
export raw materials for
industrialization
D. to increase the U.S. population
by extending citizenship to the
Filipinos
Imperialism
Lets look at a couple samples of how questions look
on the OGT that will test your knowledge of European
and American imperialism
During the late 19th and
early 20th centuries, U.S.
foreign policy was closely
tied to domestic economic
concerns. The annexation of
Hawaii, the Open Door Policy
with China, and the
construction of the
Panama Canal in Latin
America were all motivated
by an interest in
A. breaking up monopolies and
trusts.
B. extending land grants for
railroad construction.
C. acquiring new markets and
sources of raw materials.
D. limiting the power of labor
unions to strike.
Imperialism
Lets look at a couple samples of how questions look
on the OGT that will test your knowledge of European
and American imperialism
In the 19th century,
European countries claimed
that the conquest of Africa
would bring the benefits of
Western civilization to that
continent.
From the perspective of
African peoples, the effect
was
A. loss of political independence.
B. fewer agricultural products for
foreign trade.
C. new national boundaries based
on ethnic and cultural similarities.
D. global appreciation for African
cultures and encouragement of
their development.
Forms of Government
Lets look at a couple samples of how questions look on the OGT that
will test your knowledge of forms of Imperialism. The following is an
example of a 2 point writing question on the OGT.
The United States fulfilled one of
its imperialist ambitions in the
early 20th century by acquiring
land to build the Panama
Canal. State two reasons
(political and/or economic)
why U. S. imperialists wanted to
build the canal.
Write your answer in the Answer
Document. (2 points)
POTENTIAL WRITTEN
RESPONSE
. A canal at the Isthmus of
Panama would reduce U.S.
shipping costs and avoid the
necessity of maintaining separate
navies in the Atlantic and Pacific.
• would achieve world power status
• would facilitate U.S. trade with Asia
• would ensure control of trade routes
across the Atlantic from Europe to Asia
• would shorten shipping times
between coasts (variant on shipping
costs)
• would facilitate the movement of
naval vessels to different areas of need