Chapter Issue:
To what extent can nationalism lead to
ultranationalism?
How Does Ultranationalism
Develop?
 Text p. 141, FYI, fig., 6-6
 Various factors and events
 Social economic conditions/crises
 Emergence of charismatic and authoritarian leaders
 National traditions and feelings that promote feelings of
superiority
Countries in Crisis
 World wide Great Depression of 1930’s
 New York stock exchange crashed
 Run on banks
 Economic turmoil
 People lost all savings
 Unemployment skyrockets
 No work … no money … no food … no place to live!!
Germany after WW I
 Germany becomes a republic
 1929 … still rebuilding after WWI
 In BIG debt!
 Lack of trade with neighbors
 Rising cost of living
 Economic conditions were desperate
 People wanted a strong leader
 After several failed attempts Hitler elected 1933
Germany after WW I
 Hitler’s first acts …
 He dissolved parliament,
 started Nazi Reich,
 and made himself dictator
 State ruled all matters …





Economic
Social
Political
Military
And cultural
Germany after WW I
 Freedom of press and assembly disappeared
 Postal, telegraph and telephone no longer private …
became state controlled
 Young people were indoctrinated
 FYI … read about value of
German mark
Japan after WW I
 Also affected by Great Depression
 Crop failure and famine among people
 Other countries refusing Japanese immigrants
 Invaded China’s Manchuria for raw materials for its
industries
 A way to create jobs and produce goods
 1937 military controlled government
 At war with China
Japan after WW I
 Military leaders brought back …
 Traditional warrior values
 Obedience to emperor and state
 Created a cult around the emperor
 Hirohito became leader of the military

Fig. 6-7 Hirohito worshipped as arahitogami … a god who is
human, a demigod!
Charismatic Leaders
 Text, p. 145, fig. 6-8,6-9
 Ultranationalistic leaders emerged in …
 USSR – Stalin
 Italy – Mussolini
 Germany – Hitler
 Japan – Hirohito
 Each inspired enthusiasm and devotion in followers,
and,
 Fear in anyone who questioned their leadership
Adolph Hitler in Germany
 Restore people’s national pride
 Make Germany the leading country on earth
 Promised …
 Refusing to recognize the Treaty of Versailles
 Rebuild armed forces and reclaim lost territories
 Restoring the superiority of the ‘Aryan Race’ …

‘Pure race of people’
 Propaganda through … radio, posters, newspapers,
organized mass meetings
 “Today Germany, tomorrow the world” crowds chant
Hirohito and Tojo in Japan
 Hirohito, Son of Heaven … revered, but not in politics
 Military decided on most of national interests
 Military took Japan in WWII
 Expanded into China and other territories
 1941, Tojo became PM
 Military dictator
 Aggressive ultranationalist
 Promised to dominate Asia through military might
Instilling Ultranationalist Values
 Text, p. 147, fig 6-12, 6-13
 Dictatorships promote extreme values
 Military and police strengthened to enforce values
 Education for the young (indoctrination)
 Culture, art and media promoted and competition was
drowned out
Ultranationalist Values in Germany
 Focused and promoted past greatness
 Rewrote German history books of past greatness
 The Master Race and Third Reich
 To achieve this meant getting rid of …



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Socialists
Jews
Homosexuals
Disabled people
 Nazi gangs destroyed Jewish synagogues, businesses and
laws passed to take away rights
Ultranationalist Values in Japan
 Text p. 148, fig., 6-14, Voices
 Similar to Germany – military took control
 Emperor Hirohito was a demigod
 Japanese people were a superior race
 Foreign policy was to promote peace, meanwhile at
home military was planning war
Ultranationalist Values in Japan
 Japan’s education system promoted …
 Idealize the past
 Take pride in race and culture
 Practice obedience and duty as highest virtues
 Fanatic militarists preached …
 Contempt for death
 Exaltation of victory
 Blind obedience
 Shinto, Japanese religion used to unite nation
 Kami … warriors and soldiers remembered and worshipped
 Their spirits have become gods
Conclusions
 Reflect and Respond
 Text, p. 148
 Prepare a short essay in response to the “Reflect and
Respond”
 Read carefully and follow directions for three paragraphs
 If necessary, complete the Venn Diagram
 In-class