MIDTERM EXAM Review for the Test TEST DAYS: 1*- FRIDAY 2* - MONDAY 4-5*- FRIDAY EXAM OVERVIEW Multiple Choice Short Answers ESSAY (4-5 Paragraph Compare/Contrast) EXAM CONTENT Grammar Fahrenheit 451 Antigone Harrison Bergeron Mythology & Theseus The Lottery Writing, Research, MLA Style Grammar Know the 8 PARTS OF SPEECH Possessives SINGULAR Dog’s bone Student’s desk Man’s locker PLURAL Dogs’ bones Students’ desks Men’s lockers DO NOT USE POSESSIVE FORMS TO MAKE WORDS PLURAL! INCORRECT: My two dog’s are named Axel and Scarlett. CORRECT: My two dogs are named Axel and Scarlett. PRONOUNS TYPES OF PRONOUNS Interrogative Personal Possessive Indefinite Object Subject - Subject-Verb Agreement LITERARY TERMS Know how to use them Know how to apply them to the literature Short Stories Fahrenheit 451 Antigone Two opposing characters, usually of the same sex, who serve as opposites of each other examples: Antigone & Ismene Millie & Clarisse Montag & Faber A comparison NOT using like or as Hints at what will happen next in the story examples: The factors the drive a character to do something, act a certain way or think a certain way A seemingly place of ideal perfect on the surface, but it is actually flawed Characteristics: • Citizens have a fear of the outside world. • Citizens live in a dehumanized state. • The natural world is banished and distrusted. • Citizens conform to uniform expectations. • The society is an illusion of a perfect utopian world. • Citizens are perceived to be under constant surveillance. Examples: Fahrenheit 451 “Harrison Bergeron” A place, state, or condition that is ideally perfect in respect of politics, laws, customs, and conditions. Most characters think their world is perfect in the beginning! A character that experiences NO changes during a story; does not grow or develop A character that experiences change in personality and growth during the story examples: Clarisse Millie Antigone examples: Guy Montag Creon A character says one thing, but means another Audience knows something the characters don’t know examples: examples: Time, place, date of a story The central idea of a work of literature examples: examples: TRAGEDY Play, novel or other work of Literature, depicting serious & important events, the main character comes to an unhappy end TRAGIC HERO Aristole’s Defintion of a HERO Comes from nobility Tragic flaw – the serious character weakness leading to the downfall of the character Undergoes a reversal of fortune Recognizes his mistakes (in a catharsis or purgation of pity and fear) The tragic hero’s actions should arouse feelings of both pity and fear in the audience. CATHARIS & HUBRIS Catharsis – purging of one’s soul Hubris- overconfidence, pride STRUCTURE OF GREEK DRAMA Prologue: beginning of the play, before the action occurs Parodos: song that marks the entry of the chorus Scene: where the majority of the action of the play takes place Ode: song that is chanted by the chorus, often is a commentary on the action from the scene. Sometimes the comparison to the actions of the gods or historical figures Paean: hymn sung by the chorus, appealing to the gods for assistance Exodos: last episode in the play. It is followed by a final speech addressed directly to the audience by the chorus KNOW THE PARTS IN ORDER! Benefits of Greek Drama Religious rite to Dionysus Festivals CATHARSIS Spiritual purging Cleansed the soul of the participants Helped their health FAHRENHEIT 451 & SCIENCE FICTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE FICTION ANTIGONE CREON AS TRAGIC HERO Tragic Flaw • His stubbornness & excessive pride • His arrogance Comes From Nobility • Acting King of Thebes Reversal of Fortune • Loss of family – Haimon & Wife • Loss of the Throne & Control Feelings of Pity & Fear • You don’t want to end up like him Recognizes Mistakes • Realization comes too late for him after deaths of Antigone & Haimon Verbal & Dramatic Irony “Harrison Bergeron” “The Lottery” “Theseus” SHORT STORIES “THE LOTTERY” WRITING RESEARCH, ESSAYS & MLA STYLE Correct MLA Format FOR A BOOK Collins, Suzanne. The Hunger Games. New York: Harper Collins, 2008. Print. CITATION FORMAT “Of course, the odds have not been very dependable of late,” (Collins 33) NOTETAKING • Longer, about the same length as original passages • IN YOUR OWN WORDS • Short, key points of longer passages • IN YOUR OWN WORDS • Exact same words as author • IN QUOTATION MARKS THESIS STATEMENTS Should not have “I think” written in the statement Should preview the examples/content of paper Should be avoid being vague Should not be a question COMPARE/CONTRAST WRITING