Nationalism Review
• Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo, leaders of
Latin American independence movements,
were inspired by successful revolutions in
– the Untied States and France
– the Soviet Union and China
– Cuba and Costa Rica
– Egypt and Kenya
3pts
• Explain how the Revolutionary War in the
United States and the French Revolution are
connected to nationalism in other parts of the
world
• During the early 1800’s, which was a major
influence on the struggle for political
independence in Latin America?
– poor conditions in urban centers in Latin America
– the American and French Revolutions
– the desire of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin
America to escape European control
– demands by Latin American workers to own their
own factories
5pts
• Define the following (the 1800’s definitions)
– Conservative
– Liberal
– Radical
Document 2: Giuseppe Garibaldi, the “sword” of Italian unification, added the southern
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies to Italy in 1861. He describes his “Red Shirts” with these
words.
Where any of our brothers are fighting for liberty, there all
Italians must hasten! — such was your motto. Let him who loves
his country in his heart, and not with his lips only, follow me.
Question: What is Garibaldi trying to accomplish in this speech? 2pts
• One similarity in the leadership of Latin
Americas Jose de San Martin, Toussaint
l’Ouverture, Bernanrdo O’Higgins, and Pedro I
was that each leader
– opposed United States intervention in Haiti
– led a struggle to gain freedom for the people of
his nation
– opposed membership of his nation in the League
of Nations
– established an absolute monarchy in his nation
“I will never allow my hands to be idle nor my
soul to rest until I have broken the chains laid
upon us by Spain.”
• This statement was most likely made by
– a Latin American nationalist
– a Portuguese explorer
– a Roman Catholic bishop
– a Spanish conquistador
3pts
• Put the following in the correct order you
would find their status in a Spanish Colony
– Native Americans
– Peninsulares
– Creoles
– Mesitzos
– Mulattos
– Africans
• Which of these situations was the direct result
of the other three?
– nations of Latin America won independence
– revolutions occurred in North America and France
– the Napoleonic wars weakened Spain’s power
– creoles and mestizos became discontented with
Spanish rule
• The 19th-century independence movements
in Latin America were influenced by
– Marxist ideology
– the Aztec wars against Hernando Cortez
– liberation theology
– the American and the French Revolutions
3pts
• Briefly sum up the revolution in Haiti
– Be sure to name the revolution’s leader
• Simon Bolivar, Toussaint L’Overture, and
Bernardo O’Higgins were Latin American
leaders of
– economic development
– educational reforms
– independence movements
– colonial expansion
3pts
• Briefly describe the revolution in Mexico
– Be sure to mention at least one of the revolution’s
leaders
• In which region of the world did the American
Revolution and the French Revolution have
the greatest influence during the 1800’s?
– Southeast Asia
– Latin America
– South Asia
– sub-Saharan Africa
• Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, and
Toussaint l’Ouverture are important in Latin
American history because they were
– 20th-century caudillos
– leaders of liberation movements
– members of the Organization of American States
(OAS)
– winners of the Nobel Peace Prize
5pts
• Briefly describe the two main leaders of the
Latin American nationalistic revolutions and
their contributions.
Use the following quote to answer the question.
“A country is not merely a geographic territory. A
country is also the idea given birth by the
geographic territory. A country is a sense of love
that unites, as one, all the sons and daughters of
that geographic territory…”
--World History: A Story of Progress
• This quotation supports the idea of
–
–
–
–
totalitarian rule
absolute monarchy
mercantilism
nationalism
Document 1: This excerpt is from Count Cavour who was named prime minister of
Piedmont-Sardinia in 1852. As a diplomat, he provided the “brains” of Italian
unification.
We ardently wish to free Italy from foreign rule. . . . We want to drive out the
foreigners not only because we want to see our country powerful and glorious,
but because we want to elevate the Italian people in intelligence and moral
development.
Question: What action did Cavour recommend in this excerpt? 2pts
• In a number of European countries in the
1800’s, which situation occurred as a result of
the influence of the French Revolution?
– increase in religious conflict
– rise of nationalistic movements
– decentralization of governmental power
– economic depression
• Nationalism is most likely to develop in an
area that has
– land suited to agriculture
– adequate industry to supply consumer demands
– a moderate climate with rivers for irrigation
– common customs, language, and history
• Nationalism is best defined as
– the achievement of world peace and global
understanding
– the desire to take over other societies by force
– a method of solving basic economic problems of
the society
– the loyalty of a people to their values, traditions,
and a geographic region
2pts
• Define impressionism
Document 3: These words were spoken by Otto von Bismarck, who some people feel
single-handedly unified Germany and started it on its road to greatness. He explains the
process for unification of Germany.
I had shown plainly the direction in which I was going. Prussia . . . could no longer carry alone the power
that Germany required for its security. That must be equally distributed over all German peoples. We
would get not nearer our goal by speeches, associations, or decisions by the majority. We would not be
able to avoid serious contest with Austria. This contest could only be settled by blood and iron. There is
one way to guarantee our success. The deputies must place the greatest possible weight of blood and
iron in the hands of the King of Prussia.
Question: Describe Bismarck’s method for uniting Germany. 2pts
• The best example of the success of
nationalism in Europe is the
– development of socialism in France
– Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
– establishment of the Common Market
– unification of Germany
What country/region is each individual
from? 1pt each
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Simon Bolivar,
Jose Maria Morelos
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Toussaint L’Overture,
Otto von Bismarck
Bernardo O’Higgins
Count Cavour
José de San Martín
Miguel Hidalgo
• Which was a major political change in Latin
America in the 19th century?
– The political power of the Roman Catholic Church
was eliminated.
– The right to vote was extended to all people.
– Political power was no longer held by people of
European ancestry.
– Strong nationalistic feelings led to many new
nations
2pts
• Define realism
• During the Latin American colonial period,
political and economic power in most
colonies under Spanish rule was held primarily
by
– parties representing workers and peasants
– people who were born in Spain and their
descendants
– Indian tribal leaders
– people of mixed Indian and Spanish ancestry
Use the following quotes to answer the question.
“Juarez Defeats French Troops in Mexico”
“Bolívar Leads Revolutions in South America”
“San Martin Liberates Argentina”
These newspaper headlines refer to the emergence of
• colonialism
• nationalism
• Marxism
• mercantilism
2pts
• Define romanticism
Where are the Balkans? 5pts