CHICAGO
BY KATHERINE WERTZ, WRITING CONSULTANT
&
MICHAEL FRIZELL, DIRECTOR, WRITING CENTER
Don’t be intimidated by the 956 page book
Chicago Manual
956 pages of Fun!
Content revisions:
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- Updated Materials throughout to reflect current style,
technology, and professional practice
- New coverage of journals and electronic publications
- Comprehensive new chapter on American English grammar
and usage by Bryan A. Garner (author of A Dictionary of
Modern American Usage)
- Updated and rewritten chapter on preparing mathematical
copy
- Reorganized and updated chapters on documentation,
including guidance on citing electronic sources
- Streamlined coverage of current design and production
processes, with a glossary of key terms
- New diagrams of the editing and production process4es for
both books and journals, keyed to chapter discussions
- Descriptive headings on all numbered paragraphs for ease
of reference
- New expanded Web site with special tools and features for
Manual users - www.chicagomanualofstyle.org
You’ve gotta start somewhere: Title Page
Write the full
title a few
spaces from the
top of the page.
Write the
author’s name in
the total center
of the page.
Write the course
title (English 210),
instructor’s name,
and date (April
8, 2010) on the
bottom of the
page.
Everything on the title page is centered!
Headers and Formatting
You should
have page
numbers on
every page
except the
title page.
The page
number
should be
Arabic
(1,2,3) and
in the top
right corner.
Type either
your name
or a
shortened
title next to
the page
number.
Layout
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Layout includes such things as the type of paper chosen, the margins, the
line spacing, the pagination, and the incorporation of equations,
illustrations, and references. Table 1 presents general specifications for the
page layouts.
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Specifications for Page Layout
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Margins standard (about 1 inch)
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Line spacing single space (unless other requested)
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Indentations (optional) standard tab for all paragraphs (about 0.4-0.5
inches)
HEADINGS
You may use headings to better organize your paper. The organization of headings is a little bit like an outline,
with varying levels of headings and subheadings that aid in organization. You don't number each heading in
as you do with an outline, but you can use up to five different levels of headings and subheadings:
The headings formatting requirements include:
FIRST LEVEL. The first level headings should be centered above their associated text blocks. Use headlinestyle capitalization, and you may use either bold, italics, or underline characters.
SECOND LEVEL. Type the second level heading centered in headline-style capitalization in standard text.
Do not use any italics, bold, or underline characters.
THIRD LEVEL. The third level heading is left-aligned, using headline-style capitalization. You may use bold,
italics, or underline characters with the third-level heading.
FOURTH LEVEL. For the fourth level of heading, switch to sentence-style capitalization. Left-align the text,
and do not use any bold, italics, or underline characters.
FIFTH LEVEL. With the fifth level of heading, you will indent the heading, using it like a lead-in sentence to a
paragraph, complete with a period at the end of the heading. The fifth-level heading should consist of
italics, bold, or underline characters. Use sentence-style capitalization with the fifth-level heading.
HEADINGS
First Level of Heading (centered)
Main text continues as normal (indented).
Second Level of Heading (centered)
Main text continues as normal (indented).
Third Level of Heading (left-align)
Main text continues as normal (indented).
Fourth level of heading (left-align)
Main text continues as normal (indented).
Fifth level of heading. (indented) Main text follows immediately ...
SEE THE WRITING CENTER’S RESOURCE LINKS FOR MORE INFORMATION ON HEADINGS
Avoiding Plagiarism
Plagiarism is…
…using someone else’s
words or ideas as though
they were your own.
…deliberately stealing
someone’s work.
…paying someone to write
a paper.
…a serious offense.
When to Cite
You DO need to cite:
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When using someone else’s
exact words
When using someone else’s
data (statistics, etc.)
When using someone else’s
figures (tables, graphs,
images)
When stating someone’s
unique idea
You DON’T need to cite:
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
Your own unique ideas
Common knowledge
Common Knowledge vs.
Unique Ideas
When in
Doubt…CITE!
Don’t need to cite:
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Ideas widely believed to be true.
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Folklore, stories, songs, or saying without
an author but commonly known.
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Quotations widely known and used.
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Information shared by most scholars in
your discipline.
In-text citations never seemed simpler
To signify the use of
an outside source, use
a superscript Arabic
number.
The superscript
number will follow
the punctuation.1
The notes for the
citation will be
included on a
separate page at the
end of the paper.
More formatting
The text will be doublespaced throughout (including
block quotes), prior to the
notes page.
Margins should be set at 1”
top, bottom and sides.
Endnotes
Warning: This is where
Chicago gets kind of tricky.
Center title “Notes” at the top
of the page of endnotes.
Number the citations in the
order they appear in the text.
Endnotes: Books
Book:
1.Author’s first and
last name, Title (City:
Publisher, Year), page
number.
6. Virginia Woolf, A
Room of One’s Own
(New York: Mariner
Books, 2005), 204.
Edited
Book:
7. Ted Poston, A First
Draft of History, ed.
Kathleen A.
Hauke(Athens: University
of Georgia Press, 2000),
46.
Endnotes: Periodicals
Article in
Journal:
Article in
Online
Journal:
•
1. Author’s name, “Article Title,” Journal
Title Volume#, Issue # (Year): Page numbers.
•
16. Jonathan Zimmerman, "Ethnicity and
the History Wars in the1920s," Journal of
American History 87, no. 1 (2000): 101.
•
16. Eugene F. Provenzo Jr., "Time
Exposure," Educational Studies34, no. 2
(2003): 266, http://search.epnet.com.
Endnotes: Newspapers and Magazines
Newspaper:
2. Linda Greenhouse, “Across the Border, Over the Line,” The New York Times,
April 8, 2010. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/08/across-theborder-over-the-line/?hp
Magazine:
14. Sarah Kliff, “Stupak won’t seek Reelection,” Newsweek, April 6, 2010, 55.
Endnotes: Website
Website:
1. First name Last name,
“Web Page,” Website,
Sponsor of Website, full URL.
5. Bob Smith, “How to Write a
Chicago Endnote,” YayChicago.com,
Chicago Helpers,
http://www.yaychicago.com/endno
tes.
Endnotes Oddities
Unlike MLA and
APA citation
pages, the first
line of a citation
is indented,
followed by
left-aligned
lines.
You only write
out the full
endnote the first
time. All
consequent
endnotes are
abbreviated.
Abbreviated endnotes
Author’s Last Name, Shortened
Version of Title (in either
quotes or italics, depending),
and Page Number.
• Wilson, “Antarctica,” 6.
• Jones, Swimming Lessons, 17.
Use the word “Ibid” if you
have to consecutive endnotes
using the same source, and
give the page.
• Ibid, 7.
• If you are using the same
page as the previous
endnote, just write “Ibid.”
And now for something completely
different: Bibliography
Some instructors will ask for a bibliography
as well as endnotes.
A bibliography will come after the page(s)
of endnotes.
It will be an alphabetical listing of all of the
works you consulted in researching for your
paper, including the ones you did not cite.
Bibliography: Books
Book:
• Last Name, First Name. Title. City:
Publisher, Year.
• Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s
Own. New York: Mariner
Books, 2005.
Edited Book:
• Poston, Ted. A First Draft of History.
Edited by Kathleen A. Hauke.
Athens: University of Georgia
Press, 2000.
Notice: In the bibliography, the first line will be left-aligned and the consecutive lines will
be spaced over to the right (as displayed above).
Bibliography: Periodicals
Article in Journal:
• Zimmerman, Jonathan. "Ethnicity
and the History Wars in the
1920s."Journal of American
History 87, no. 1 (2000): 92111.
Article in Online Journal:
• Provenzo, Eugene F., Jr. "Time
Exposure." Educational
Studies 34, no. 2 (2003):
266-67.
http://search.epnet.com.
Bibliography: Newspapers and
Magazines
Newspaper:
• Greenhouse, Linda. “Across the Border, Over the Line,” The New York Times, April
8, 2010. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/08/across-theborder-over-the-line/?hp
• Kliff, Sarah. “Stupak won’t seek Reelection.” Newsweek, April 6, 2010, 55.
Magazine:
Bibliography: Website
Website:
• Bob Smith. “How to Write a Chicago Endnote.”
YayChicago.com. Chicago Helpers.
http://www.yaychicago.com/endnotes.
You do not need to include the date
accessed, unless the document is timesensitive. If so, but it after the URL:
www.time.com/today (accessed May 1,
2010).
Contact Information
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Michael Frizell, Writing Center Director
 michaelfrizell@missouristate.edu
 Phone number 417-836-5006
 Office: Meyer Library 112
Writing Center
 First floor Meyer Library – The Bear Claw
 Phone Number 417-836-6398
 http://writingcenter.missouristate.edu
Supplemental Instruction
 http://si.missouristate.edu