Chapter 37
The Eisenhower Era,
1952–1960
Question
All of the following are true of The Feminine Mystique
EXCEPT
a) Feminist Betty Friedan gave focus and fuel to women’s feelings
in 1963 when she published it.
b) it was a runaway best seller and a classic of feminist protest
literature that launched the modern women’s movement.
c) Friedan spoke to millions of able, educated women who
applauded her indictment of the stifling boredom of suburban
housewifery.
d) few women worked for wages, but they struggled with the guilt
of leading the “unfeminine” life defined by the postwar “cult of
domesticity.”
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Answer
All of the following are true of The Feminine Mystique
EXCEPT
a) Feminist Betty Friedan gave focus and fuel to women’s feelings
in 1963 when she published it.
b) it was a runaway best seller and a classic of feminist protest
literature that launched the modern women’s movement.
c) Friedan spoke to millions of able, educated women who
applauded her indictment of the stifling boredom of suburban
housewifery.
d) few women worked for wages, but they struggled with the guilt
of leading the “unfeminine” life defined by the postwar “cult of
domesticity.” (correct)
Hint: See pages 945–946.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Checkers Speech
EXCEPT
a) Nixon faltered late in the campaign of 1952 amid accusations
that he had accepted illegal donations.
b) Nixon denied the charges and declared that the only campaign
gift he had ever received was the family cocker spaniel,
Checkers.
c) the shameless “Checkers Speech” did not save Nixon’s spot on
the ticket, but it did spotlight a fundamental change in American
politics.
d) television was now a political tool that allowed candidates to
bypass traditional party machinery and speak directly to voters.
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Checkers Speech
EXCEPT
a) Nixon faltered late in the campaign of 1952 amid accusations
that he had accepted illegal donations.
b) Nixon denied the charges and declared that the only campaign
gift he had ever received was the family cocker spaniel,
Checkers.
c) the shameless Checkers Speech did not save Nixon’s spot on
the ticket, but it did spotlight a fundamental change in American
politics. (correct)
d) television was now a political tool that allowed candidates to
bypass traditional party machinery and speak directly to voters.
Hint: See page 948.
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Question
All of the following were true of Sputnik EXCEPT
a) Soviet scientists astounded the world on October 4, 1957, by
lofting into orbit around the globe a beep-beeping “baby moon.”
b) this amazing breakthrough rattled American self-confidence.
c) it cast doubts on the Soviet Union’s vaunted scientific
superiority and raised some sobering
military questions.
d) if the Soviets could fire heavy objects into outer space, they
certainly could reach America with intercontinental ballistic
missiles (ICBMs).
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Answer
All of the following were true of Sputnik EXCEPT
a) Soviet scientists astounded the world on October 4, 1957, by
lofting into orbit around the globe a beep-beeping “baby moon.”
b) this amazing breakthrough rattled American self-confidence.
c) it cast doubts on the Soviet Union’s vaunted scientific
superiority and raised some sobering
military questions. (correct)
d) if the Soviets could fire heavy objects into outer space, they
certainly could reach America with intercontinental ballistic
missiles (ICBMs).
Hint: See page 962.
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Question
All of the following were true of Senator Joseph McCarthy
EXCEPT
a) he was elected to the Senate on the basis of a trumped-up warhero record.
b) he accused Secretary of State Dean Acheson of knowingly
employing 205 Communist party members.
c) pressed to reveal the names, McCarthy later conceded that
there were only 57 genuine communists, but eventually rooted
out every single one.
d) McCarthy’s Republican colleagues realized the partisan
usefulness of this kind of attack on the Democratic
administration.
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Answer
All of the following were true of Senator Joseph McCarthy
EXCEPT
a) he was elected to the Senate on the basis of a trumped-up warhero record.
b) he accused Secretary of State Dean Acheson of knowingly
employing 205 Communist party members.
c) pressed to reveal the names, McCarthy later conceded that
there were only 57 genuine communists, but eventually rooted
out every single one. (correct)
d) McCarthy’s Republican colleagues realized the partisan
usefulness of this kind of attack on the Democratic
administration.
Hint: See page 950.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Montgomery Bus
Boycott EXCEPT
a) Rosa Parks boarded a bus, took a seat in the “whites only”
section, and refused to give it up.
b) Parks’s arrest for violating the city’s Jim Crow statutes sparked
a black boycott of the city buses.
c) the failure of the boycott served notice throughout the South
that blacks would be forced to submit meekly to the absurdities
and indignities of segregation.
d) it catapulted to prominence a young pastor at Montgomery’s
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, the Reverend Martin Luther
King, Jr.
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Montgomery Bus
Boycott EXCEPT
a) Rosa Parks boarded a bus, took a seat in the “whites only”
section, and refused to give it up.
b) Parks’s arrest for violating the city’s Jim Crow statutes sparked
a black boycott of the city buses.
c) the failure of the boycott served notice throughout the South
that blacks would be forced to submit meekly to the absurdities
and indignities of segregation. (correct)
d) it catapulted to prominence a young pastor at Montgomery’s
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, the Reverend Martin Luther
King, Jr.
Hint: See pages 952–953.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Brown v. Board of
Education of Topeka, Kansas decision EXCEPT
a) justices ruled that segregation in the public schools was
“inherently unequal” and thus unconstitutional.
b) the uncompromising sweep of the decision startled
conservatives like an exploding time bomb, for it reversed the
Court’s earlier declaration of 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson.
c) desegregation, the justices insisted, must go ahead only when
the “hearts and minds” of southerners were ready
to accept it.
d) the Border States made reasonable efforts to comply with this
ruling, the Deep South diehards organized “massive
resistance.”
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Brown v. Board of
Education of Topeka, Kansas decision EXCEPT
a) justices ruled that segregation in the public schools was
“inherently unequal” and thus unconstitutional.
b) the uncompromising sweep of the decision startled
conservatives like an exploding time bomb, for it reversed the
Court’s earlier declaration of 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson.
c) desegregation, the justices insisted, must go ahead only when
the “hearts and minds” of southerners were ready
to accept it. (correct)
d) the Border States made reasonable efforts to comply with this
ruling, the Deep South diehards organized “massive
resistance.”
Hint: See page 953.
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Question
All of the following are true of the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee EXCEPT
a) it embraced the sit-in movement which rolled across the South,
and eschewed wade-ins, lie-ins, and pray-ins.
b) young and impassioned, SNCC members eventually subsumed
the older, more stately civil rights organizations.
c) it aimed to compel equal treatment in restaurants,
transportation, employment, housing, and voter registration.
d) it eschewed the tactics of the SCLC and the even more
deliberate legalisms of the NAACP.
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Answer
All of the following are true of the Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee EXCEPT
a) it embraced the sit-in movement which rolled across the South,
and eschewed wade-ins, lie-ins, and pray-ins.
b) young and impassioned, SNCC members eventually subsumed
the older, more stately civil rights organizations. (correct)
c) it aimed to compel equal treatment in restaurants,
transportation, employment, housing, and voter registration.
d) it eschewed the tactics of the SCLC and the even more
deliberate legalisms of the NAACP.
Hint: See page 957.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Federal Highway Act of
1956 EXCEPT
a) it was dwarfed by every public works project that the New
Dealers had enacted.
b) it was a $27 billion plan to build forty-two thousand miles of
sleek, fast motorways.
c) Ike believed that such roads were essential to national defense,
allowing U.S. troops to mobilize anywhere in the country in the
event of a Soviet invasion.
d) laying down these modern, multilane roads created countless
construction jobs and speeded the suburbanization of America.
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Federal Highway Act of
1956 EXCEPT
a) it was dwarfed by every public works project that the New
Dealers had enacted. (correct)
b) it was a $27 billion plan to build forty-two thousand miles of
sleek, fast motorways.
c) Ike believed that such roads were essential to national defense,
allowing U.S. troops to mobilize anywhere in the country in the
event of a Soviet invasion.
d) laying down these modern, multilane roads created countless
construction jobs and speeded the suburbanization of America.
Hint: See page 958.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Hungarian Uprising
EXCEPT
a) the Hungarians felt badly betrayed when the United States
turned a deaf ear to their desperate appeals for aid against
their Soviet masters.
b) it revealed the sobering truth that America’s mighty nuclear
sledgehammer was too heavy a weapon to wield in such a
relatively minor crisis.
c) the flexibility of the “massive retaliation” doctrine was clearly
upheld.
d) to his dismay, Eisenhower also discovered that the aerial and
atomic hardware necessary for “massive retaliation” was
staggeringly expensive.
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Hungarian Uprising
EXCEPT
a) the Hungarians felt badly betrayed when the United States
turned a deaf ear to their desperate appeals for aid against
their Soviet masters.
b) it revealed the sobering truth that America’s mighty nuclear
sledgehammer was too heavy a weapon to wield in such a
relatively minor crisis.
c) the flexibility of the “massive retaliation” doctrine was clearly
upheld. (correct)
d) to his dismay, Eisenhower also discovered that the aerial and
atomic hardware necessary for “massive retaliation” was
staggeringly expensive.
Hint: See page 959.
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Question
All of the following were true of the Suez Crisis EXCEPT
a) President Nasser of Egypt sought funds to build an immense
dam on the upper Nile from the USSR, who withdrew its help
when Nasser sought American and British aid.
b) Nasser promptly regained face by nationalizing the Suez
Canal, owned chiefly by British and French stockholders.
c) the French and British coordinating an attack with one from
Israel, staged a joint assault on Egypt in October 1956.
d) President Eisenhower refused to release emergency supplies.
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Answer
All of the following were true of the Suez Crisis EXCEPT
a) President Nasser of Egypt sought funds to build an immense
dam on the upper Nile from the USSR, who withdrew its help
when Nasser sought American and British aid. (correct)
b) Nasser promptly regained face by nationalizing the Suez
Canal, owned chiefly by British and French stockholders.
c) the French and British coordinating an attack with one from
Israel, staged a joint assault on Egypt in October 1956.
d) President Eisenhower refused to release emergency supplies.
Hint: See pages 960–961.
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