How did the New Deal respond to the ravages
of the depression and change the role of the
federal government?
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How did the New Deal attempt to address the
problems of the depression?
Vocabulary:
-Franklin D. Roosevelt
CCC
-Eleanor Roosevelt
NRA
-New Deal
PWA
-fireside chat
FDIC
-Charles Coughlin
TVA
-Huey Long
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SSUSH18
The student will describe Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal as a response to the
depression and compare the ways governmental programs aided those in need.
Element: SSUSH18.a
Describe the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority as a works program and as
an effort to control the environment.
Element: SSUSH18.b
Explain the Wagner Act and the rise of industrial unionism.
Element: SSUSH18.c
Explain the passage of the Social Security Act as a part of the second New Deal.
Element: SSUSH18.d
Identify Eleanor Roosevelt as a symbol of social progress and women's activism.
Element: SSUSH18.e
Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt's domestic and international
leadership including the role of Huey Long, the "court packing bill," and the
Neutrality Act.
•FDR Offers Relief and Recovery
Roosevelt Takes Charge
Main Idea: Franklin D. Roosevelt rose in the political ranks in the early
1900s and was elected President in 1932 with the promise of a “New
Deal” to fight the depression.
The First Hundred Days Provide Instant Action
Main Idea: Roosevelt quickly took action to reform financial institutions
and provide relief to those in need.
Opposition to the New Deal Emerges
Main Idea: Opponents to Roosevelt’s policies grew from multiple political
parties.
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The depression was the big
issue in the election of
1932, Democrat, Franklin
D. Roosevelt was elected.
Hoover stood no chance
because the economy was
at its worst, but people
figured a new president
would have a greater
chance of making changes
FDR introduced many ideas
for change but the
depression did not end
until the U.S. entered into
WWII in 1941.
•CHART
•FDR Not Slowed by Polio
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Eleanor visited World
War I vets who staged
a second Bonus
March, earning their
respect
FDR, in his Inaugural
Address, said, “The
only thing we have to
fear is fear itself.”
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Toured country
for FDR
Lectured and
wrote a newspaper
column
Gave press
conferences for
women
correspondents
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The New Deal became FDR’s program
of relief, recovery, and reform aimed at
combating problems caused by the
Depression.
Not knowing how his program would
work, FDR experimented and had the
support of the American people.
America’s response to the Great
Depression proved that a democracy
could overcome an economic crisis
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Relief measures
were designed to
stop suffering by:
1. providing direct
money payments or jobs
to the unemployed
2. providing mortgage
loans to help farmers and
homeowners in danger of
losing their property
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Roosevelt wanted to
bring about recovery
by providing aid to
farmers, business
owners, and workers
and by getting people
back to work. The
government provided
many jobs for people
by building roads,
highways, public
buildings, dams, and
parks.
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The third R, reform,
was intended less to
help ease the
Depression than to
make sure there would
never be another one.
These measures
regulated businesses
and banks and
protected bank
depositors, investors,
consumers, the aged,
children, and the
unemployed.
•NOTE TAKING
•Reading Skill: Connect Ideas
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Congress passed 15 bills, known as the First New
Deal
Emergency Banking Act passed by Congress -“bank
holiday” – FDR ordered all banks to close for four
days to inspect the bank’s financial health..
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
insured deposits up to $5,000.
FERA – Federal Emergency Relief Administration;
agency to help local relief agencies by sending
funds too be distributed. Public Works Programs
(WPA)– government-funded projects to build public
facilities such as roads, parks, airports, etc.
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Civilian Works Administration (CWA) gave
jobs building roads, parks, airports.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) put 2.5
million young, unmarried men to work
restoring forests, beaches, and parks.
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
tried to balance the unstable economy
through planning.
•TRANSPARENCY
•Civilian Conservation Corps
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Public Works Administration (PWA) built
projects like the Grand Coulee Dam in
Washington.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
regulated the stock market.
Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC)
refinanced mortgages for homeowners.
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
(AAA) tried to raise farm prices through
subsidies. Some farmers were paid not to
crops.
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The Tennessee Valley
Authority was created
to help farmers and
create jobs in The
Tennessee Valley
area. It provided
cheap electric power,
flood control, and
recreational
opportunities.
•ANALYZE
•Political Cartoons: The Galloping Snail
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Some thought the changes of the New
Deal were too radical
Some thought that the changes made
the government too powerful
American Liberty League – formed,
saying FDR had deserted the principles
of a limited government
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Women received lower wages, with men and boys receiving
preference for jobs.
African Americans were kept out of skilled jobs and received
lower pay that whites for the same work. Since farmers and
domestic workers were excluded by Social Security, 2/3 of
them were not covered.
Wealthy thought the New Deal did too much.
Progressives and Socialists thought it did too little.
Demagogues such as Father Charles E. Coughlin and Huey
Long called for nationalization of banks and industry, and
redistribution of wealth.
Father Charles Coughlin
Senator Huey Long
•COMPARING
VIEWPOINTS
•The New Deal: Too Much — or Not Enough?
•PM
•TRANSPARENCY
•Progress Monitoring Transparency
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What major issues did the second New
Deal address?
Vocabulary:
-second New Deal
-collective bargaining
-John Maynard Keynes
-pump priming
-Social Security Act
strikes
-Fair Labor Standards Act
WPA
CIO
Wagner Act
court packing
sit-down
•The Second New Deal
•Extending Social and Economic Reform
•Main Idea: Roosevelt extended his reforms to provided longer lasting
relief to those in need.
•Labor Unions Find a New Energy
•Main Idea: The New Deal passed laws recognizing labor unions and
giving workers more rights.
•Challenges to the New Deal
•Main Idea: After a clash with the Supreme Court, Roosevelt lost some
of his popularity
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•NOTE TAKING
•Reading Skill: Connect Ideas
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After the Supreme Court declared the NIRA and
AAA unconstitutional, FDR announced new
agencies aimed at more social welfare, more
control over business, stronger support for unions,
and higher taxes on the rich.
Works Progress Administration (WPA) provided
work for 8 million citizens by building playgrounds,
schools, hospitals, and airfields, as well as paying
artists and writers.
Resettlement Administration loaned money to
owners of small farms and helped resettle tenants
and sharecroppers; replaced by the Farm Security
Administration (FSA) that loaned $1 million to
farmers and set up camps for migrant workers.
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Social Security Act: established pension
system for the elderly, unemployment
insurance for workers who lost their jobs, aid
for mothers and children, the blind and
disabled.
Rural Electrification Administration: loaned
money to electric companies to build lines in
rural areas
Water Projects: Central Valley irrigation
system; Bonneville Dam – helped develop the
West
•GRAPH
•Farms With Electricity, 1930-1950
•GRAPH
•Labor Union Membership, 1920-1960
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National Labor Relations Act, called the
Wagner Act included the following:
Collective bargaining
Closed shops
Outlawed spying and blacklists
Established the National Labor Relations Board
(NLRB)
Fair Labor Standards Act banned child labor and
established a minimum wage of 25 cents
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Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
Headed by John L. Lewis
Organized unskilled workers
Sit-down strikes: laborers stopped work but
refused to leave the work-place
Supreme Court outlawed the sit-down
strike in 1939
•TRANSPARENCY
•Political Cartoons: Critics of the New Deal
•CHART
•The Second New Deal
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Constitution does not specify the number of
justices.
Nine justices was established tradition.
FDR asked Congress to enable him to
appoint as many as six more justices.
FDR wanted favorable decisions on his New
Deal.
He was forced to withdraw his bill due to
criticism.
•ANALYZE
•Political Cartoons: The Ingenious Quarterback
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With the economy doing better, in 1936,
FDR cut back on federal spending
Federal Reserve raised interest rates,
and the economy dropped again and
unemployment rose
FDR chose not to try to force more
reforms through Congress
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Recession of 1937
Economy collapsed again
Social Security tax lowered take-home pay
Government cut back on expensive programs to
lower national debt that rose to $43 billion by
1940
What is the national debt today?
WPA is expanded to improve situation
Country remained in Depression until 1940s
•GRAPH
•Unemployment, 1933-1941
•PM
•TRANSPARENCY
•Progress Monitoring Transparency
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How did the New Deal change the
social, economic, and political
landscape of the U.S. for future
generations?
Vocabulary:
-Black Cabinet
welfare state
-New Deal coalition
-Indian New Deal
-Mary McLeod Bethune
•Effects of the New Deal
•Women Help Lead the New Deal
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•Main Idea: Eleanor Roosevelt transformed the office of First Lady and led the way for women to increase their political
influence.
•African Americans Make Advances and Face Challenges
•Main Idea: Eleanor Roosevelt and FDR tried to improve the problems African Americans faced, but African Americans
were not always helped by the New Deal.
•The New Deal Affects Native Americans
•Main Idea: Land was returned to Native Americans during the New Deal, but eventually Native Americans were hurt by
some legislation of this time.
•The New Deal Creates a New Political Coalition
•Main Idea: The New Deal unified the country and created a coalition that brought together Americans and affected voting
patterns.
•The Role of Government Expands
•Main Idea: The New Deal increased the power of the presidency and the federal government, and its effects are still felt
today.
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Continued…
Women still did not
have the same rights as
white males
 It was hard for them to
get jobs because there
were so many white
males looking for jobs
at the same time.
Factory owners did not
accept women workers
as often.
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Eleanor Roosevelt transformed the
office of the First Lady
She toured the nation, wrote a
newspaper column, and promoted
causes including public health and
education
She fought against discrimination
Frances Perkins – Secretary of Labor
•Granette, Ark.
Nov. 6, 1936
•Dear Mrs. Roosevelt
•I am writing to you for some of your old soiled dresses if you have any. As I am a
poor girl who has to stay out of school. On account of dresses & slips and a coat. I
am in the seventh grade but I have to stay out of school because I have no books or
clothes to ware. I am in need of dresses & slips and a coat very bad. If you have
any soiled clothes that you don't want to ware I would be very glad to get them.
But please do not let the news paper reporters get hold of this in any way and I will
keep it from geting out here so there will be no one else to get hold of it. But do not
let my name get out in the paper. I am thirteen years old.
•Yours Truly,
Miss L. H.
Gravette, Ark.
R #3
c/o A. H.
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Many children were
without proper clothes or
shoes. Many were also
malnourished due to the
fact that food was scarce.
With no place to go, about
250,000 children were
homeless in the early
years of the Depression.
Schools did not have the
funding to stay open so
many of them closed
40% of children from ages
16 and 14 were neither in
school or working.
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Black Cabinet: African American leaders who
were unofficial advisers to FDR
Mary McLeod Bethune, friend of Eleanor
Roosevelt; founded Bethune Cookman College
When asked to support an antilynching law,
FDR declined
Social Security exempted domestic workers
and farm laborers, two occupations which
employed many African Americans
White men found it
very hard to find jobs,
but even harder for
the African
Americans.
 If they did have a job,
they either received
very low wages, or
they were fired so a
white male could take
over the job.
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Indian New Deal: program to help
Indians by providing funding for
schools and hospitals
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934:
restored tribal control over American
Indian lands
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The depression had a great
impact on the farmers.
They were producing so
much food that they could
not sell it all.
Since it cost too much to
transport crops, they
sometimes destroyed them.
Many farmers had to leave
their farms in search for jobs
to support their families, and
many farms were foreclosed.
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Democrats - Southern whites, northern bluecollar workers, poor midwestern farmers, and
African Americans
Democrats achieve a large majority in both
houses of Congress
Role of government expands, including
spurring economic growth (pump priming)
Welfare State: FDR “a country in which no
one is left out”
Growing power of the office of the President
•GRAPH
•Presidential Vote of African Americans, 1932-2000
•TRANSPARENCY
•The New Deal Provides Jobs
•ANALYZE
•Cause and Effect: The New Deal
•NOTE TAKING
•Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas
•QUICK STUDY
•FDR’s Effect on the Presidency
•PM
•TRANSPARENCY
•Progress Monitoring Transparency
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How did the men and women of the
depression find relief from their
hardships in the popular culture?
Vocabulary:
-Wizard of Oz
-War of the Worlds
-Federal Art Project
Lange
-John Steinbeck
mural
Frank Capra
Dorothea
Lillian Hellman
•Culture of the 1930s
•Movies and Radio Captivate Americans
•Main Idea: Movies, radio, and music provided information and
entertainment for Americans during the 1930s.
•The New Deal and the Arts
•Main Idea: During the New Deal, the government provided federal
funding for artists, writers, and musicians.
•The Literature of the Depression
•Main Idea: Many authors of the 1930s wrote socially conscious subject
matter about issues and struggles people of the time faced.
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Literature: Pearl Buck, John Steinbeck, Zora
Neale Hurston
Radio and Movies: comedy shows, soap
operas, Marx Brothers, Jimmy Stewart, Mickey
Mouse
The Works Progress Administration (WPA)
funded artists, musicians, historians, theater,
and writers.
•NOTE TAKING
•Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas and Details
•TRANSPARENCY
•Big Bands Swing
•PM
•TRANSPARENCY
•Progress Monitoring Transparency
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Public works include bridges, dams,
tunnels, buildings, and hospitals.
The TVA, FDIC, and the SEC still remain.
Social Security continues, but is threatened
by the retirement of the baby boomers.
The New Deal restored a sense of hope for
the nation.
World War II will lift the nation out of the
Depression.