American
History Chapter
16: The New
Deal
I. Forging a New Deal
Objectives
• Explore Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt’s
roles in restoring the nation’s hope.
• Learn about the major New Deal programs
that were created in the first hundred days,
and find out about some of FDR’s key players
in these programs.
• Discover what caused the New Deal to falter.
• Review the key goals and accomplishments of
the Second New Deal
• Interpret the significance of the outcome of
the 1936 election.
Bell Ringer
• Imagine that all members of your household
were out of work, had no hope of finding a job,
and received no government benefits.
• What would you want your government to do?
• What are some current government programs
that are designed to help families that are out
of work?
• Page 536
A) Restoring the Nation’s Hope
•
Second Bonus Army – Eleanor calmed
them down
• FDR spoke in “fireside chats” to the
people – restored hope
1) New Deal: referred to the relief,
recovery, and reform programs of
FDR’s administration
B) The First Hundred Days
2)
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Hundred days: Period at the start of FDR’s
presidency in 1933, when many New Deal
programs were passed by Congress
Bank holiday – closed down all banks – could only
re-open if deemed “healthy” by the government –
2/3 were – confidence
Savings increased – loans increased – money into
the economy
FDIC – insure bank deposits
Federal Securities Act – business must publish info
about finances
SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission –
regulate stock market
Devalued the US dollar – made things cheaper –
stimulate trade – raise farm prices
a) Providing Relief and Creating
Jobs
•
FERA established – Federal Emergency
Relief Administration – help poor
3) Public works programs: government
funded projects to build public facilities –
create jobs
4) Civilian Conservation Corps: maintained
forests, beaches, and parks (2.5mil)
• CWA – Civil Works Administration – roads,
parks, and airports (4mil)
b) Regulating the Economy
• NIRA – National Industrial Recovery Act
• NRA – National Recovery Administration
created codes to spell out fair business
practices
• Helped labor
• PWA – Public Works Administration –
Grand Coulee Dam, Triborough Bridge,
and Key West Highway
c) Assisting Homeowners and
Farmers
•
HOLC – Home Owners Loan Corporation –
refinanced loans at lower interest
5) Agricultural Adjustment Administration
(AAA): paid subsidies to farmers that cut
production
6) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA):
provided cheap power, flood control, and
recreational opportunities in a
underdeveloped
C) Key Players in the New Deal
• FDR had a “brain trust” of people that helped
him
• Frances Perkins – first women cabinet
member – Labor
• Mary McLeod Bethune – black women –
National Youth Administration (jobs for people
16 – 25) - highest black position during New
Deal
• Eleanor Roosevelt – traveled for her husband
– some thought did too much – most admired
her for her political skills, humanity, and
idealism
D) The New Deal Falters
• Programs did not help wide scale
• Hoover – worried about increase of
government power – socialism
• Supreme Court declared NIRA
unconstitutional – it could make laws
• Also declared the AAA tax
unconstitutional
E) A Second New Deal
7)
Second New Deal: (Second Hundred Days):
more social welfare benefits, stricter controls
over business, more support for unions, higher
taxes on rich
•
WPA (Works Progress Administration) – work for 8
mil people
•
Resettlement Administration and later the Farm
Security Administration loaned 1 bil to farmers.
•
REA – Rural Electrification Administration – brought
electricity to farmers
8) Wagner Act: legalized collective bargaining and
closed shops
9) Closed shops: workplaces open only to union
members
10) Social security systems: OASDI – financial
security to people who cannot support
themselves
F) The 1936 Election
• FDR destroyed Republican Alfred
Landon 523 – 8 in the electoral college
• Showed that the people really really
really supported FDR.
Review
• How did Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt work
to restore the nation’s hope?
• What major New Deal programs were created
in the first hundred days, and who were some
of FDR’s key players in these programs?
• What caused the New Deal to falter?
• What were the key goals and
accomplishments of the Second New Deal?
• What did the outcome of the 1936 election
indicate?