Unit 6 Section A
Bribery and Business Ethics
AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS
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Lead-in
Our topic today is “Bribery”.
Like it or not, almost every day
witnesses reports about
government officials accused of
taking bribes. In effect, bribery has
become an international disease. As
the world trade grows, so does
bribery. Today let’s take a closer
look into the issue:
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Q1: In what forms does bribery come?
1) Money;
2) Goods;
3) Services;
4) Securities or stock shares;
5) Extra discounts;
6) Nepotism;
7) …
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Q2: What's the negative effect of commercial bribery?
Tips
1) Undermining the basic principles of market
economy and market order;
2) Hindering fair competition / affecting the
investment environment;
3) Damaging the legitimate rights and interests
/ leading to a lot of unexpected public events
and other social problems;
4) …
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Q3: What can we do to restore ethics in business?
Tips
1) Primary focus should be on separation of
business from politics;
2) Uproot the regional protectionism;
3) Cultivate a strong sense of fairness and
honesty;
4) …
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Pre-reading
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Compound Dictation
Watch and Discuss
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1. Chrysler Corporation
Chrysler Corporation, founded in 1925,
used to be one of the three largest American
automobile manufacturers whose
brands include Chrysler, Jeep
and Dodge. The other two largest
American automobile manufacturers are
General Motors and Ford.
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In 1998 it merged with Daimler-Benz AG
of Germany (best known for its MercedesBenz brand name) to become part of the
DaimlerChrysler Corporation, which is
jointly owned by European, US and other
international investors. In May, 2007,
Chrysler sold 80% of Chrysler to an
American equity firm and took on the name
Chrysler Holding LLC.
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2. US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is
a US government agency, whose mission is to
protect investors and maintain the integrity of the
securities markets. The Commission was set up by
the US Congress in 1933. It is based on the concept
that all investors, whether large institutions or
private individuals, should have access to certain
basic facts about an investment prior to buying it.
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To achieve this, the SEC requires public companies
to disclose meaningful financial and other
information to the public. It is believed that only
through the steady flow of timely, comprehensive
and accurate information can people make sound
investment decisions. At present the SEC is
comprised of five Commissioners, four Divisions
and 18 Offices, with a total of about 3,100 staff.
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3. International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
International Chamber of Commerce
(ICC), founded in 1919, is to serve
world business by promoting trade and
investment, open markets for goods and services,
and the free flow of capital. Its activities cover a
broad spectrum, from arbitration and dispute
resolution to making the case for open trade and the
market economy system, business self-regulation,
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fighting corruption or combating
commercial crime. The ICC is made
of a World Council (its governing
body) and individual national
committees and groups. Individual
companies, corporations, professional
associations as well as individuals can
also join the ICC as individual
members.
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Compound Dictation
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Directions: You will hear a
passage three times. When
the passage is read for the
second time, you are required
to fill in the blanks numbered
from S1 to S8 with the exact
words you have just heard. For
blanks numbered S9 to S11 you
are required to fill in missing
information. For these blanks,
you can either use the exact
words you have just heard or
write down the main points in
your own words. Now listen to
the passage.
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Corruption also is a problem in the
Commonwealth of Independent States and
Eastern Europe. Yet, the World Bank says the
problem has been [S1] _________
improving in twenty-six
former communist countries. A World Bank
report says the countries making the strongest
[S2] ____________
market-based economic reforms have
made the most progress. [S3] __________
Economists say
Slovakia and Estonia are success stories.
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Both countries have [S4] ________
reformed their tax
systems. The report says corruption is [S5]
_________ in Albania and the Kyrgyz Republic.
worsening
Russia, Serbia and Macedonia are also said to
have made little progress. The report says many
businesses there report having to pay [S6]
______
bribes for services. It says the [S7] _________
possibility
of membership in the European Union is a
powerful tool for fighting corruption.
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The report notes progress in the fight
against corruption in Romania and Bulgaria.
The countries hope to join the EU next year.
World Bank President Paul Wolfowitz
describes corruption as the single biggest
[S8] _______
barrier to development. Mister
Wolfowitz became the Bank’s President last
year. [S9] _____________________________
Since then, he has made the fight
____________________________.
against
corruption a major goal
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The World Bank has suspended or delayed loans
to Chad, Bangladesh and India after corrupt
activities were discovered there.
they worry that too much
Some groups say [S10] ______________________
effort to punish corruption could stop aid from
____________________________________________
reaching those most in need But World Bank
_________________________.
officials say [S11] ____________________________
they will withdraw from projects
____________________________________________
only when dishonest officials are clearly not
__________________.
interested in reform
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Directions: Watch the video and then discuss the
topics as follows:
1. Why is it easier said than done to stick to
high moral standards?
2. What categories does questionable
morality fall into on the Chinese campus?
Video watching
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Key
Key
这儿有一个超链接
到上一页的形状，
是百分之百透明的，
不要删掉。
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n. [U] 行贿；受贿
n. [C] 道德；伦理
n (pl.) 道德准则；伦理标准
a. 聪颖的；机敏的
Phrases and Expressions
在增长
on the increase
生活方式
way of life
付清欠款；还钱
pay up
遵守；履行；支持；忠于
stand by
实际上，事实上
in practice
bribery
ethic
ethics
quick-witted
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accuse sb. of sth.
in private
a fact of life
throw out
close a deal
speed up
hit upon/on
amount to
behave oneself
be caught in
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指控；指责
私下里，秘密地
生活现实；残酷的事实
抛弃；驱除
完成交易；生意成交
（使···）加快速度
忽然想出（主意等）
等于；相当于
表现得体
陷入；被卷入
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受贿；贪赃枉法
（使）与······一致（相符）
be on the take
square... with…
Proper Names
Switzerland
Chrysler Corporation
US Securities and
Exchange Commission
Chile
Iran
International Chamber
of Commerce (ICC)
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瑞士（欧洲中部国家）
克莱斯勒汽车公司
美国证券交易委员会
智利（南美洲西南部国家）
伊朗（西南亚国家）
国际商会
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The passage focuses on a social
phenomenon in business—bribery. To
convey his ideas clearly to the reader,
the pattern of writing the writer adopts
for this topic is as follows:
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Problem
Bribery and
Business Ethics
Analysis
Solution
Now let’s make a detailed analysis of the text
through dynamic interaction:
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1-4)
Part I Problem (Paras.
(Para. ?)
Q1: Why do students feel surprised when they find
business ethics included in their business courses?
A: Because they often do not realize that bribery in
various forms is on the increase. (Para. 1)
Q2: What will a businessman choose to do if he
wants to make it easier to get an import license for
his goods? Example?
A: He may choose to stand by his principles, but, in
practice, he usually prefers to bribe the official in
charge. (Para. 3)
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Part I Problem (Paras.
(Para. ?)
1-4)
Q3: What other questionable practices do
businessmen adopt in addition to giving money?
A: They tend to pay agents and purchasers an
exaggerated commission, offer additional discounts,
and make payments to numbered bank accounts in
Switzerland. (Para. 3)
Q4: Why is bribery on the increase?
A: Because it seems to have become a fact of
commercial life. (Para. 4)
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Q: The Main Idea of Part I?
A: Bribery in various forms has been on the
increase for centuries. For example, what if
during a negotiation the other side asks for a
bribe? It is easier said than done to stick to high
moral standards. For in a time of ever-greater
competition, more than ever, a businessman finds
it impossible to keep a buyer happy while clinging
to his moral conscience. In effect, bribery has
become a fact of commercial life.
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Q: What device of writing is employed herein?
A: Exemplification, as shown in Para. 4.
General statement: Bribery and other questionable
payments are on the increase.
The example in support: The Chrysler Corporation
_______ that it made ____________________
revealed
questionable payments of more
than $2.5 million between 1971 and 1976. Three
admitted that they
hundred other US companies had ________
had made payments of one kind _________
or another in recent
years.
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Part II Analysis (Paras. 5-8)
?)
Q1: What is the first category of bribery? Example?
A:The first category of bribery refers to substantial
payments made for political purposes or made to
ruling families or their close advisers to secure
major contracts. (as confirmed in Paras. 5 and 6)
Q2: What does the second category of bribery cover?
A: The second category covers payments made to
obtain quicker official approval of some projects. (as
shown in Para. 7)
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Part II Analysis (Paras. 5-8)
?)
Q3 What does the third category of bribery involve?
A: The third category involves payments made in
countries where it is traditional to pay people to help
with the passage of a business deal, as shown in some
Middle East countries. (Para. 8)
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Q: The Main Idea of Part II ?
A: The bribery can roughly fall into three categories:
The first category consists of substantial payments
made for political purposes or to secure major
contracts. The second category covers payments
made to obtain quicker official approval of some
projects. The third category involves payments made
in countries where it is traditional to pay people to
help with the passage of a business deal.
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Q: What device of writing is employed herein?
A: Listing supported by examples.
Q: Three categories of bribery by listing?
consists of substantial payments
A: The first category ___________________________
made for political purposes or to secure major
______________________________________________
contracts The second category ___________________
covers payments
________.
made to obtain quicker official approval of some
______________________________________________
project, to speed up the wheels of government The
________________________________________.
third category _________________________________
involves payments made in countries
______________________________________________
where
it is traditional to pay people to help with the
_______________________.
passage
of a business deal
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Q: The examples of the first category?
A: One US corporation offered a large sum of money
in support of a US presidential candidate at a time
when the company was under investigation for
possible violations of US business laws. In a court
case involving an arms deal with Iran, a witness
claimed that £1 million had been paid by a British
company to a “negotiator” who helped close a deal
for the supply of tanks and other military equipment
to that country.
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Q: The example of the second category?
A: An interesting example of this kind of payment is
provided by the story of a sales manager who had
been trying for some months to sell road machinery
to the Minister of Works of a Caribbean country.
Finally, he hit upon the answer. Discovering that
the minister collected rare books, he bought a rare
edition of a book, slipped $20,000 within its pages,
then presented it to the minister … A short time later,
the deal was approved.
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Q. The example of the third category?
Some Middle East countries would be included on
this list, as well as certain Asian countries.
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Part III Solution (Paras.
(Paras. 9-11)
?)
Q. 1 What does the International Chamber of
Commerce (ICC) favor?
A. It favors a code of conduct that would ban the
giving and seeking of bribes, distinguish between
commissions paid for real services and exaggerated
fees that really amount to bribes. (Para. 9)
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Part III Solution (Paras. 9-11)
?)
Q. 2 Do the ICC members agree to enforce the code?
A. No. The British members would like the system to
have enough legal power to make firms behave
themselves, while the French delegates think it is the
business of governments to impose law. (Para. 10)
Q. 3 What dilemma will today’s businessmen face?
A. It is difficult to square their business interests
with their moral conscience. (Para. 11)
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The Main Idea of Part III?
A. To prohibit bribery, ICC favors setting up a code
of conduct that would ban the giving and seeking of
bribes and proposes a council to manage the code.
But when it comes to how to enforce the code,
opinions differ among members of the ICC. For the
businessmen today, it is indeed hard to square the
business interests with moral conscience.
Q. What device of writing is employed herein?
A. Deduction, as shown below.
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The general statement of Para. 10?
A. Unfortunately, opinions differ among members of
the ICC concerning how to enforce the code.
Specific details: The British members would like the
system to have enough legal power to make
companies behave
________________.
themselves However, the French
delegates think it is the business of governments to
__________________.
make
and impose law The job of a business
community like the ICC is to say what is right
and wrong, but _____________________.
not to impose anything
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Bribery and Business Ethics
Para. 1 Students taking business courses are
sometimes a little surprised to find that classes
on business ethics have been included
in their schedule. 句型 They often do not
realize that bribery in various forms is
on the increase in many countries and,
in some, has been a way of life for centuries.
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Para. 2 Suppose that during a negotiation with
some government officials, the Minister of Trade
makes it clear to you that if you offer him a
substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to
句型
get an import license for your goods, and you are
also likely to avoid “procedural delays”, as he
puts it. 句型 Now, the question is: Do you pay up
or stand by your principles?
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Para. 3a It is easy to talk about having high moral
standards but, in practice, what would one really
do in such a situation? Some time ago a British
car manufacturer was accused of operating a
fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable
practices such as paying agents and purchasers
an exaggerated commission, offering
additional discounts, and making
payments to numbered bank accounts
in Switzerland.
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Para. 3b The company rejected these charges and
they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at that
time, there were people in the motor industry in
Britain who were prepared to say in private: “Look,
we’re in a very competitive business. Every year
we’re selling more than a ￡1billion worth of cars
abroad. If we spend a few million pounds to keep
some of the buyers happy, who’s hurt? If we didn’t
do it, someone else would.”
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Para. 4a It is difficult to resist the impression
that bribery and other questionable payments
are on the increase. 句型 Indeed, they seem to
have become a fact of commercial life. To take
just one example, the Chrysler Corporation,
the third largest of the US car manufacturers,
revealed that it made questionable payments
of more than $2.5 million between 1971 and
1976.
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Para. 4b By announcing this, it joined more than
300 other US companies that had admitted to the
US Securities and Exchange Commission that
they had made payments of one kind or another
—bribes, extra discounts, etc.—in recent years.
For discussion purposes, we can divide these
payments into three broad categories.
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Para. 5 The first category consists of substantial
payments made for political purposes or to secure
major contracts. 句型 For example, one US
corporation offered a large sum of money in support
of a US presidential candidate at a time when the
company was under investigation for possible
violations of US business laws. This same company,
it was revealed, was ready to finance secret US
efforts to throw out the government of Chile.
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Para. 6a In this category, we
may also include large
payments made to ruling
families or their close advisers
in order to secure arms sales
or major petroleum or
construction contracts.
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Para. 6b In a court case involving an arms deal
with Iran, a witness claimed that ￡1 million
had been paid by a British company to a
“negotiator” who helped close a deal for the
supply of tanks and other military equipment
to that country. Other countries have also been
known to put pressure on foreign companies to
make donations to party bank accounts.
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Para. 7a The second category covers payments
made to obtain quicker official approval of some
project, to speed up the wheels of government. An
interesting example of this kind of payment is
provided by the story of a sales manager who had
been trying for some months to sell road
machinery to the Minister of Works of a
Caribbean country. 句型 Finally, he hit upon the
answer.
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Para. 7b Discovering that the minister collected
rare books, he bought a rare edition of a book,
slipped $20,000 within its pages, then presented
it to the minister. This man examined its
contents, then said, “I understand there is a twovolume edition of this work.” The sales manager,
who was quick-witted, replied, “My company
cannot afford a two-volume edition, sir, but we
could offer you a copy with a preface!” A short
time later, the deal was approved.
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Para. 8 The third category involves
payments made in countries where
it is traditional to pay people to help
with the passage of a business deal.
Some Middle East countries would
be included on this list, as well as
certain Asian countries.
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写作
Para. 9 Is it possible to devise a code of rules for
companies that would prohibit bribery in all its
forms? The International Chamber of Commerce
(ICC) favors a code of conduct that would ban the
giving and seeking of bribes. This code would try
to distinguish between commissions paid for real
services and exaggerated fees that really amount
to bribes. A council has been proposed to manage
the code.
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笔
单词学习
课文分析
课文学习
Back
Detailed Study of Text
导入
预习
小结
写作
Para. 10 Unfortunately, opinions differ among
members of the ICC concerning how to enforce
the code. The British members would like the
system to have enough legal power to make
companies behave themselves. However, the
French delegates think it is the business of
governments to make and impose law. The job of
a business community like the ICC is to say what
is right and wrong, but not to impose anything. 句型
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单词学习
课文分析
课文学习
Back
Detailed Study of Text
导入
预习
小结
写作
Para. 11 In a well-known British newspaper, a
writer argued recently that “industry is caught
in a web of bribery” and that everyone is “on
the take”. This is probably an exaggeration.
However, today’s businessman, selling in
overseas markets, will frequently meet
situations where it is difficult to square his
business interests with his moral conscience.
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单词学习
课文分析
课文学习
Back
Summary
English Equivalents of Chinese
Creative Application of Typical Expressions
Further Application of Typical Patterns
导入
预习
课文
写作
English Equivalents of Chinese
导入
预习
课文
写作
Back
有高尚的道德标准
to have high moral standards
为方便讨论起见
资助某人做某事
for discussion purposes
to finance sb.’s efforts to do sth.
向某人捐款／ 汇款
to make donations/payments to sb.
暗中将某物塞入······ to slip sth. into/within …
属于此类
to be included on this list
设计一套法规
to devise a code of rules
防止各种类型的贿赂 to prohibit bribery in all its forms
行贿受贿
the giving and seeking of bribes
to behave oneself
使举止得体
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汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
Creative Application of Typical
Expressions
导入
预习
课文
写作
在增长:
on the increase
私下里，秘密地:
in private
抛弃；驱除:
to throw out
忽然想出（主意等）:
to hit upon/on
(使) ······与······一致(相
符):
to square … with …
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笔
汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
Back
Creative Application of Typical
Expressions
在下降；在衰退中:
多亏彼此的思想沟通，
在削弱；正在衰落:
他们的关系正得到改
知
识
链
接
在痊愈中；在改善中:
善。
典 型 例 句
导入
预习
课文
写作
• on the decline
• on the wane
• on the mend
意 群 提 示
Back
thanks to their
/ sb.’smutual
mutualexchanges
exchanges
ideas
/ be
Thanks
of of
ideas,
their
on the mendis on the mend.
relationship
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汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
Back
Creative Application of Typical
Expressions
当众；公开地:
他养成了事无巨细,
亲自；亲身:
事必躬亲的习惯。
知
识
链
接
实际上:
导入
预习
课文
写作
• in public
• in person
• in reality
典 型 例 句
意 群 提 示
Back
develop
the habitthe
of habit
doing ofsth.
/ attendtoto sth.,
He
has developed
attending
big or small,big
in or
person
everything,
small, in person.
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汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
Back
Creative Application of Typical
Expressions
投入:
他将痛苦埋藏心中，
摆脱:
全身心地投入到工作
知
识
链
接
导入
预习
课文
写作
• to throw oneself into
• to throw off
• to throw over
中。
放弃，背弃:
典 型 例 句
意 群 提 示
Back
Having buried the pain in his heart, he threw
bury sth. in one’s heart / heart and soul
himself into his work heart and soul.
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汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
Back
Creative Application of Typical
Expressions
回击，反击:
她年轻时就爱扮演老
模仿得很像:
太太的角色，而且模
知
识
链
接
导入
预习
课文
写作
• to hit back
• to hit off
• to hit up
请求:
仿得惟妙惟肖。
典 型 例 句
意 群 提 示
Back
When
young,
fond
of sth.
playing
be fondshe
of was
playing
the she
rolewas
of sb.
/ hit
off tothe
role
of old ladies, and hit them off to perfection.
perfection
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汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
Back
Creative Application of Typical
Expressions
我不在意你找我商量
做好准备；整顿就绪：
解决什么事, 而在意
安抚；抚慰：
解决；办理：
你要达到什么目的。
典 型 例 句
知
识
链
接
导入
预习
课文
写作
• to square away
• to square off
• to square up
意 群 提 示
Back
I don’t
care/ about
what
have
square
care
about
have sth.
to you
square
uptowith
sb. up
with me, but about what intention you like to
/accomplish.
accomplish one’s intention
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笔
汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
Back
Further Application of Typical
Patterns
导入
预习
课文
写作
Back
用 于 记 述 “ 某 人 Sb. be a little (much / very) surprised
(distressed / delighted / disappointed
对某事的反应”。/ excited / depressed) to find / know /
learn that …
用 于 表 示 “ 人 对 It is difficult (for one) to resist the
impression / notion / feeling / idea /
某事的感受”。
opinion / conclusion that …
用 于 表 述 “ 举 例 An interesting / striking / typical
example of … is provided by the
说明”。
story of sb. who …
随
笔
汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
导入
新视野 － 产生式应用
预习
课文
写作
这对夫妇欣慰地发现儿子有一片孝心。
活 用 例 句
意 群 提 示
Back
The couple is very relieved to find that their son
be relieved to find / have a sense of filial devotion
has a sense of filial devotion.
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汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
Back
导入
新视野 － 产生式应用
预习
课文
写作
三鹿奶粉事件后，人们很容易产生这样的印象：中
国食品的质量总不让人放心。
活 用 例 句
意 群 提 示
Back
In the aftermath of San Lu milk powder
incident,
it was difficult
citizens/ be
to resist
the
in the aftermath
of somefor
incident
a
impression
that the
quality of Chinese food is a
constant worry
to sb.
constant worry to people.
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笔
汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
Back
导入
新视野 － 产生式应用
预习
课文
写作
有个故事是说明勤奋刻
苦的典型例子：我们的
先人为了学习时不打瞌
睡而头悬梁、锥刺骨。
活 用 例 句
意 群 提 示
Back
A typical
example
of diligence
is provided
by the
one’s
forefather
/ keep
oneself awake
in study
/ tie
story
of
our
forefathers
who
tied
their
hair
on
the
one’s hair on the house beam / prick one’s thigh
house beam and pricked their thighs with awls to
with
an
awl
keep themselves awake in study.
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笔
汉英互译
短语活用
句式应用
Back
Writing
※※※※
写作模式
导入
预习
课文
写作实践
小结
Pattern of Writing
导入
预习
课文
小结
Listing supported
by Example(s)
Statement
To make the reader clear
The writer first presents
about his ideas, the writer then
his statement about what is
lists his detailed statements
discussed.
supported by examples.
For more
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写作模式
写作实践
Back
Pattern of Writing
导入
预习
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小结
Back
Example from the text
For discussion purposes, we can divide these
payments into three broad categories. (Statement)
The first category consists of substantial payments
made for political purposes or to secure major
contracts. (Detailed Statement) For example, one US
corporation offered a large sum of money in support
of a US presidential candidate at a time when the
company was under investigation for possible
violations of US business laws. (E. 1) This same
company, it was revealed, was ready to finance secret
US efforts to throw out the government of Chile. (E. 2)
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写作模式
写作实践
Pattern of Writing
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
In this category, we may also include large
payments made to ruling families or their close
advisers in order to secure arms sales or major
petroleum or construction contracts. In a court case
involving an arms deal with Iran, a witness claimed
that ￡1 million had been paid by a British company
to a “negotiator” who helped close a deal for the
supply of tanks and other military equipment to that
country.(E. 3) Other countries have also been known
to put pressure on foreign companies to make
donations to party bank accounts. (E. 4)
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写作模式
写作实践
Pattern of Writing
导入
预习
课文
小结
The second category covers payments made
to obtain quicker official approval of some
project, to speed up the wheels of government.
(Detailed Statement) An interesting example of
this kind of payment is provided by the story
of a sales manager who had been trying for
some months to sell road machinery to the
Minister of Works of a Caribbean country.
Finally, he hit upon the answer. Discovering
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写作模式
写作实践
Back
Pattern of Writing
导入
预习
课文
小结
that the minister collected rare books, he bought
a rare edition of a book, slipped $20,000 within
its pages, then presented it to the minister. This
man examined its contents, then said, “I
understand there is a two-volume edition of this
work.” The sales manager, who was quick-witted,
replied, “My company cannot afford a twovolume edition, sir, but we could offer you a
copy with a preface!” A short time later, the deal
was approved. (Example)
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写作模式
写作实践
Back
Pattern of Writing
导入
预习
课文
小结
The third category involves payments made
in countries where it is traditional to pay
people to help with the passage of a business
deal.(Detailed Statement) Some Middle East
countries would be included on this list, as
well as certain Asian countries. (Example)
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写作模式
写作实践
Back
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Directions: Write a composition of no
less than 120 words with a general
statement supported by details on one
of the following topics. One topic has
been given a detailed outline that you
can follow.
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写作模式
写作实践
Back
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Topic:
Two kinds of people who choose to live alone on
purpose
Listing:
 the first group: artists seeking inspiration
example: story of a writer
 the second group: people being disappointed
with life
example: story of a woman
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写作模式
写作实践
Back
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
More Topics:
 Ways to enlarge vocabulary
 Preparations for future career
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写作模式
写作实践
Back
Sample Writing
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课文
小结
Back
Two kinds of people who choose to
live alone on purpose
Typically there are two kinds of people who
choose to live alone on purpose. The first group of
people is artists. They believe in the inspiration in
solitude. One of my friends is a writer. He enjoys the
time when he is alone because he can stay up late to
read and, above all, concentrate on his writing
without fear of being interrupted by others.
随
笔
写作模式
写作实践
Writing Practice
导入
预习
课文
小结
Back
On his wall he posts a quotation from Thoreau:
“I never found the companion that was so
companionable as solitude.” The second group
consists of people who are disappointed with
their marriage or family life. A woman I know
has been living alone since her husband left her
five years ago. She is not waiting for his return
but she is just disappointed with life.
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写作模式
写作实践
End
新视野
大学英语
贿赂与商业道德
Para. 1 商科学生有时对课程里包含商
业道德课略感吃惊。他们通常没意识到
在很多国家，形形色色的贿赂行为正日
益增多。在某些国家，这已成为人们几
百年来的一种生活方式。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 2 假定在一场与政府官员的谈判中，
贸易部长向你明确表示如能给他一大笔
贿赂，那么你的商品拿到进口许可证就
会容易得多，还可能避免他所说的“程
序上的延误” 。现在的问题是：你是被
迫掏钱呢，还是坚持原则?
新视野
大学英语
Para. 3a 高尚的道德标准说起来容易，但
实际上人们在这种情况下究竟会怎么做呢?
早些时候，一家英国汽车制造商被指控利
用一笔基金行贿，并进行其他一些可疑运
作，如给代理商和客户高额回扣、提供额
外折扣、向一些在瑞士银行开的匿名账户
汇款等。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 3b 这家汽车公司否认了这些指控，
后来指控也被撤销了。然而，当时英国汽
车业里就有人准备私下里说：“瞧，我们
这一行竞争激烈，每年我们汽车的海外销
售额超过10亿英镑。如果花几百万英镑能
让一些客户高兴，谁会有损失呢? 我们不
这样干，别人也会这样干的。”
新视野
大学英语
Para. 4a 很容易产生这样的印象：贿赂以
及其他可疑开支正日渐增多。的确，这似
乎已成为商界的一个事实。仅举一例：美
国第三大汽车制造企业克莱斯勒汽车公司
透露，它在1971至1976年间共发生了250
万美元的可疑开支。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 4b 这一事实的披露，使克莱斯勒
与其他300多家美国公司一样，向美国
证券交易委员会承认自己近年曾有过某
种形式的支出，像贿赂、额外打折等。
为方便讨论起见，我们可将这些支出分
为三大类。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 5 第一大类是那些为政治目的或为
获得大宗合同所付出的大笔款项。比如，
有一家美国企业曾因可能违反美国商业法
规而受调查，当时它捐出一大笔款项支持
一位总统候选人。后来发现，这家公司也
打算资助美国推翻智利政府的秘密行动。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 6a 这一大类也包括为得到武器
销售或重大的石油、建筑等项目的合
同而向权势家族及其身边的顾问所付
出的大笔款项。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 6b 在一桩涉及对伊朗武器销售的
案子中，一位证人声称一家英国公司曾
付给某 “洽谈人” 100万英镑。此人帮
忙做成了一笔向伊朗提供坦克和其他军
事装备的交易。据闻其他国家也是如此，
向外国公司施压，要他们向党派组织的
账户捐款。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 7a 第二大类包括旨在促使政府加快
对某些工程项目的正式批准而作的支出。
关于这一点有个有趣的例子：有个销售
经理几个月来一直试图向加勒比地区一
个国家的建工部长推销道路工程机械。
后来，他想到了办法。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 7b 了解到建工部长收藏珍本书，他
买了一本书的珍藏版，在书里夹了两万美
元，将其送给部长。部长看了书的内容后
说：“我知道这书有两卷本的。” 机敏的
销售经理答道：“先生，我们公司买不起
两卷本，不过可以给你弄一本带 ‘前言’
的! ” 不久，这笔生意获准了。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 8 第三大类指某些国家按照传统
做法付给在交易中起作用的人的费用。
中东的一些国家和某些亚洲国家的做
法都属此类。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 9 是否有可能制订一套公司法规，
防止各种类型的贿赂呢？国际商会（ICC）
赞成用一套行为准则来制止行贿索贿。
这一准则试图区分哪些是真正为服务所
付的佣金，哪些是等同于贿赂的过高费
用。已经成立了一个委员会来实际操作
这一准则。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 10 可惜的是，国际商会委员们就
如何实施这一法规的意见不一。英国委
员们希望这一体系有充分的法律效力以
使公司规范行事。而法国代表认为制定
和实施法律是政府的事。像国际商会这
样的商业团体该做的是表明孰对孰错，
而非强制实行什么。
新视野
大学英语
Para. 11 在一家知名英国报纸上，最近有
位作者指出 “企业已陷入贿赂网” ，人
人都 “贪赃枉法” 。这一说法可能有些
夸张。然而，如今做海外销售的商人们常
常难以做到既确保自己的商业利益，又无
愧于道德良心。
返回
Interactive Mode I
and even
securities
or stock shares
are often given
In a time
of ever-increasing
competition
in
as the
bribes
to officials
in charge more
in order
for them
context
of business,
than
ever, to
abuse
their power
or sell
influence.
businessmen
resort
totheir
bribery
for anSome
edge
businessmen
resort tomoney
offeringis agents
over others.even
In general,
usuallyorthe
purchasers
their interest
first formadditional
of their discounts
choice to for
lubricate
their
in business.
their goodsExperts
or services.
Nepotism
another
estimate
that ismore
than
form
bribery. This
happens
when
company
oneofthousand
million
dollars
in abribes
are
offers
job to
a relative
of the goods,
officialservices
in charge
paidaeach
year.
In addition,
instead of someone with
better skills.
FOR MORE
随
笔
Mode I
Mode II
Mode III
返回
Interactive Mode II
bribery,
if taken
in a broad
For Commercial
another, it hinders
fair
competition
in the
sense, isallocation
the singleofbiggest
barrier
to a use of
rational
resources,
as heavy
society’s progress of civilization. For one
bribes will deprive competitions of fairness in
thing, it goes against the basic principles of
the
market. Andeconomy
worst of and
all, itundermines
directly the
market-based
damages
legitimate
rights and interests
market the
order.
As ever-increasing
evidenceof
reveals, once
our market-based
economy
is a
consumers
in general,
which in turn
leads to
with bribes,
the accepted
of
lotstuck
of unexpected
social
problemscodes
and even
conduct in it exist in name only.
brings ruin onto the social stability.
FOR MORE
随
笔
Mode I
Mode II
Mode III
返回
Interactive Mode III
Fortunately, our Party has prohibited officials
For our economy to remain healthy and
from holding any post in business. The second
sustainable,
is much
needthe
to restore
ethics
focus
should bethere
on how
to uproot
regional
in business. In
my aopinion,
thenet,
firstfor
focus
protectionism.
Such
protective
instance,
bethe
on present
the separation
of business
from
hasshould
thrown
construction
market
into a
state
of the(商政分离).
good beingAs
mixed
the bad.goes
And the
politics
longwith
as business
bottom
is to with
cultivate
a strong
of no
fairness
hand line
in hand
politics,
theresense
will be
and
honesty
in
the
world
of
business
as
a
whole.
basis for recovery of ethics in business.
FOR MORE
随
笔
Mode I
Mode II
Mode III
Watch and Discuss
导入
课文
小结
写作
Charles
is: heinwould
proceed
his studies
As shown
the video,
it iswith
damned
hard by
selling
his principles
of conduct
or he
for oneout
to follow
a road made
up of principle
would
be expelled
from the
school
and morality,
especially
when
therebyissticking
a
to
his integrity
loyalty.
Sad
to say, many
conflict
betweenand
one’s
moral
standards
and
people
tend to choose
theorformer
under the
one’s immediate
profits
vital interests.
As
excuse
thatinif the
theyvideo,
didn’tthe
doquestion
so, someone
else
confirmed
facing
would.
FOR MORE
随
笔
背景知识
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• The
second category
involves
of cheating
According
to a survey
basedall
onkinds
responses
from
in
examinations,
which morality
stands out
college
students,among
questionable
onthe
theuse of
hi-tech
such
occasions
as graduate
campusdevices
usuallyonfalls
into
three major
categories:
admission exams.
• The first category consists of bribes given to
• The third category covers payments made for the
administrators
in charge
of student
approval
of authority
concerning
the records
briber’s(学籍
vital
管理人) such
for better
exam reports.
interests
as enrollment
or further education.
FOR MORE
随
笔
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新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
商科学生对课程里包含商业道德课有时略
感吃惊。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
Students taking business courses are
sometimes a little surprised to find that
classes on business ethics have been
included in their schedule.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
Sb. be a little (much / very) surprised (distressed /
delighted / disappointed / excited / depressed ) to
find / know / learn that … 某人对······略（甚）感
惊讶 / 忧虑 / 高兴 / 扫兴 / 兴奋 / 沮丧。
句 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于记述“某人对某事的反应”。
产 生 式 应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
我们高兴地注意到，
在世界经济不景气的
背景下，欧盟企业越
来越看好中国的市场。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
We are delighted to learn that, against the
EU enterprises / against the background of
background of global economic recession, EU
global economic recession / give more confidence
enterprises are giving more confidence to the
to sth.
Chinese market.
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
贸易部长向你明确表示如能给他一大笔贿赂，
那么你的商品拿到进口许可证就会容易得多，
还可能避免他所说的“程序上的延误”。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
The Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that
if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find
it much easier to get an import license for your
goods, and you are also likely to avoid
“procedural delays”, as he puts it.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
Sb. make it clear to one that if one does sth.,
one will find it much easier to do sth. else. 某
人向人明确表示，如果能做某事，那么做成另
一事就会容易得多。
句 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于表述“某人的暗示或建议”。
产 生 式 应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
她向下属明确表示：
如果能深谙职业规
则，那么升职就容
易得多。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
She
made
it clear to
her subordinates
if they
one’s
subordinate
/ master
the rules inthat
career
/
mastered
the
rules
in
career,
they
would
find
it
get promoted
much easier to get promoted.
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
很容易产生这样的印象：贿赂以及其他可疑开
支正日渐增多。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
It is difficult to resist the impression that
bribery and other questionable payments are
on the increase.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
It is difficult (for one) to resist the impression /
notion / feeling / idea / opinion / conclusion
that … 很容易产生（得出）这样的印象／概念
／感受／看法／结论：······
句 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于表述“人对某事的感受”。
产 生 式 应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
在崇尚金钱的时代，
很容易产生这样的感
受：有钱走遍天下,
无钱寸步难行。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
In a time of money worship, it is difficult to resist
in a time of money worship / get anywhere one
the impression that, with money, one could get
wants to / find it difficult to move even a step
anywhere he wants to, while, without money, one
would find it difficult to move even a step.
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
第一大类是那些为政治目的或为获得大宗合同
所付出的大笔款项。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
The first category consists of substantial
payments made for political purposes or to
secure major contracts.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
The category of sth. consists of/ includes / covers
/ involves sth. made for …/ related to sth. else.
这一类包括为某个目的（与某事相关）所需要的项
目分类。
句 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于表述“事物的分类说明”。
产 生 式 应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
这一类公众服务既包括与普
通老百姓日常生活息息相关
的大众化信息，也包括为特
定人群服务的专业化信息。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
This category of public service includes both
public service
/ popular
information
/ specialized
popular
information
related
to ordinary
people’s
information
groups
daily
lives and/ specific
specialized
information made for
specific groups.
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
关于这一点有个有趣的例子：有个销售经理几
个月来一直试图向加勒比地区一个国家的建工
部长推销道路工程机械。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
An interesting example of this kind of payment
is provided by the story of a sales manager who
had been trying for some months to sell road
machinery to the Minister of Works of a
Caribbean country.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
An interesting / striking / typical example of …
is provided by the story of sb. who … 有个故事
是说明······有趣／突出／典型的例子：某人 ······
句 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于表述“举例说明”。
产 生 式 应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
有个故事是说明伟大母爱的典型例子：搜救人员发现
一位母亲在汶川地震中已经死亡，但仍然用双臂支撑
着身体，从而使她身下4个月大的孩子安然无恙。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
A typical example of the great maternal love is
provided
the storylove
of a/ mother
in the up
Wenchuan
the greatby
maternal
prop oneself
with
earthquake who, when rescuers found her, was
sth.
/
keep
sb.
safe
and
sound
dead but still propped herself up with both her
arms so as to keep her four-month-old child safe
and sound under her.
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
像国际商会这样的商业团体该做的是表明孰对
孰错，而非强制实行什么。
原 句 译 文
Back
逆 译 练 习
The job of a business community like the ICC
is to say what is right and wrong, but not to
impose anything.
产生式提炼
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
The job / business / task of sb. is to do sth., but
not to do sth. else 某人该做的是······，而非······
句 式 提 炼
Back
应 用 提 示
用于强调“某人的职责”。
产 生 式 应用
新视野 － 产生式提炼与应用
一个大学生该做的是
丰富知识、磨练意志，
而非寻欢作乐。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
The business of a college student is to enrich his
enrich one’s knowledge / temper one’s
knowledge and temper his willpower, not to seek
willpower / seek pleasure and make merry
pleasure and make merry.
新视野 － 兼容性表达与应用
从生态平衡角度看，
在增长:
人类的智慧并未随着
逆
译
练
习
on the increase
财富的积累而增长。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
In terms of ecological balance, man’s wisdom
in terms of ecological balance / man’s wisdom
has not been on the increase along with the
/ along with the buildup of sth.
buildup of wealth.
新视野 － 兼容性表达与应用
在充满诱惑的时代，
坚持原则:
坚持行为准则比贪财
逆
译
练
习
to stand by one’s
principles
图利更难能可贵。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
In
is more
difficult
in aa time
time full
full of
of temptation,
temptation /itone’s
principles
of
to stand
one’s principles
of
ofattainment
conduct／sell
out toby
convenience
/ be more
conduct
to sell out to convenience.
difficultthan
of attainment
新视野 － 兼容性表达与应用
他最不愿意和口是
私下里，秘密地:
心非的人打交道。
典 型 例 句
逆
译
练
习
Back
in private
意 群 提 示
be
Hereluctant
is most reluctant
to do sth.to/ have
comply
dealings
in public
with
but
those
undermine
who comply
in private
in public
/ have
but undermine
dealings in
with
private.
sb.
新视野 － 兼容性表达与应用
人要脱胎换骨，首先要
抛弃；拒绝接受:
抛弃的是思维定式。
典 型 例 句
逆
译
练
习
Back
to throw out
意 群 提 示
For one to
undergo achange
complete
the
undergo
a complete
/ thechange,
first thing
first
thing
to/throw
out ispattern
one’s fixed
pattern
to
throw
out
one’s fixed
of thinking
of thinking.
新视野 － 兼容性表达与应用
对于任何想尽快适应新
（使······）加快速
环境的人，首要任务是
度:
尽可能多地了解它。
典 型 例 句
逆
译
练
习
Back
to speed up the
wheels / progress
of …
意 群 提 示
For anyone who wants to speed up the wheels
one’s adaptability to a new environment /
of his adaptability to a new environment, the
the most important task / know as much
most important task is to know as much about
about sth. as possible
it as possible.
新视野 － 兼容性表达与应用
通常情况下，科学家
们许多偶然的发现，
忽然想出（主意等）:
实际上是其多年努力
的必然结果。
典 型 例 句
逆
译
练
习
Back
to hit upon / on
意 群 提 示
Generally speaking, many discoveries scientists
generally speaking / in effect / a natural
hit upon are, in effect, a natural result of their
result of sth. / one’s many years of efforts
many years of efforts.
新视野 － 兼容性表达与应用
在诚信的社会里，
以诚相待是人们的
行为准则:
逆
译
练
习
a code of conduct
行为准则。
典 型 例 句
Back
意 群 提 示
Inin
a society
ofof
honesty,
trueeach
for people’s
a society
honestyit/istreat
other
code
ofall
conduct
that/ It
they
treatfor
each
with
with
sincerity
is true
sth.other
that …
all sincerity.
新视野 － 兼容性表达与应用
如果你总是这样浑浑
等于；相当于:
噩噩地生活，你一生
都不会取得什么成就。
典 型 例 句
逆
译
练
习
Back
to amount to
意 群 提 示
If you always live in a state of ignorance, you
live in a state of ignorance / all one’s life
will never amount to anything all your life.
新视野 － 兼容性表达与应用
总伺机牟取私利的
受贿；牟取私利；
人，终究总是会吃
伺机损人利己:
大亏的。
典 型 例 句
逆
译
练
习
Back
to be on the take
意 群 提 示
on is
thealways
take / on
in time
/ be isininline
Hebewho
the take
linefor
for great
great
losses
inlosses
time.
新视野 － 兼容性表达与应用
这个官员虽精通奉承
(使) ······与······一致
之道，但仍担心不能
(相符):
使自己的行为符合领
导的意图。
典 型 例 句
逆
译
练
习
Back
to square … with …
意 群 提 示
The
at /home
with
the art of /
be official,
at homethough
with sth.
the art
of flattering
be afraidisofstill
failure
to do
sth. / the
flattering,
afraid
of failure
to intention
square his
of one’swith
superior
conduct
the intention of his superior.