CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK ASSOCIATE
Welcome!
WELCOME!
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Goal – Cisco Certified Network Associate, Cisco Certified Network Professional, and beyond!
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About Me
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Overall view of classes
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Switching Basics (frames, broadcast / collision domains, arp)
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Switching advanced (stp, portfast, root bridge, vtp pruning, trunking, port-channels)
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Routing Basics (static, rip, ospf, eigrp)
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Routing advanced (route redistribution, changing metrics)
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Other awesome topics
• NAT, IPv6, Binary / Hex conversion, subnet maths, summarization
• PPP and Frame Relay
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First interview question
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Next…Topics to cover today
TOPICS TO COVER
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Hardware (Where (decent places), what (3550, 3560, or 2950), why (emulation?)
• Cables / cabling needs (Auto MDIX – medium dependent interface crossover)
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Boot (ROMMON, flash, ROM, RAM, NVRAM, running-config, startup-config), diagnostics
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Switching Basics
• Models (TCP/IP, versus DoD)
• Frames (hubs, repeaters, flooding, broadcast / collision domains) – examples
• VLANing
• Mac addressing (OUI vey)
• Arp
• CDP
• VTP
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Next…Hardware
HARDWARE
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Where (decent places)
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http://www.certificationkits.com/
What to buy (3550, 3560, or 2950)
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CCNA – 2 2950, or 3550, 2900 series (RAM!)
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CCNP – Add 2 more 3550 and two more 2900 routers
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Why (emulation?)
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GNS3 – Wireshark (http://www.gns3.net/download/)
Cables / cabling needs (Auto MDIX – medium dependent interface crossover)
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2960 3560 both have Auto MDIX otherwise crossover cables it is
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TSHOOT Exam Topology
http://monoprice.com
Next…Boot
BOOT
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1. Bootstrap program ROMmon runs Power On Self Test (POST)
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2. Bootstrap checks the Configuration Register in startup config file
• If nothing is there it will load from Flash
• No flash it will try to load from a TFTP server (assuming that you have one set up on
the network / program one in, ASA)
• If no TFTP server you would have to manually enter TFTP info from ROMMON
(SERVER = <tftp server>, SUBNET MASK=<subnet mask>, etc.)
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3. IOS found now it is loaded into RAM (Self-decompressing the image: ####...)
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4. Config file loaded from NVRAM (dir) into RAM if none found Setup dialogue
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Next…Switching
SWITCHING BASICS
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Models (Layers, TCP/IP versus DoD, real world)
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Vlanning (Broadcast, Collision domains)
MODELS
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TCP / IP (A Pizza Sure Tastes Nice During Presentations)
• Application – HTTP, everything
• Presentation – Human to computer (Layer 6)
• Session – Build and tear down of session (Layer 5)
• Transport – TCP/UDP (Layer 4) – a.ka. segment
• Network – IP Address (Layer 3) – a.k.a. packet
• Data Link – MAC (Layer 2) – a.k.a. frame
• Physical (Layer 1)
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DoD
• Application (5 and up)
• Host-To-Host Layer (4)
• Internet Layer (3)
• Network Interface Layer (1 and 2)
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Next…Vlanning
VLANING
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Broadcast Domains – Stops at a Router (L3 device edge)
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Collision Domains (hubs, repeaters) – Collision, hardware needs to listen for silence
• Switches eliminate this by moving the collision domain to the specific port
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Next…MAC Addresses
MAC ADDRESSES
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Mac address – unique identifier on a broadcast domain
• Entire thing 6 bytes (48 bits)
• OUI (first 3 bytes – or 24 bits)
• If someone says, “For ease of use I need to duplicate my mac, can I?” What do you
ask them?
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Next…Address Resolution Protocol
ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL
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Arp requests – Hey who has an ip address of 192.168.0.1?
• Send a broadcast out ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
• No MAC supplied in the arp request
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Arp replies – Hey I have it!
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GNS3 example
• Loop traffic? (https://supportforums.cisco.com/message/3005684#3005684) - self
looped port
• do wr, copy runnning-config startup-config, wr mem
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Next…Cisco Discovery Protocol
CISCO DISCOVERY PROTOCOL
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Cisco device sends out a multi-cast to 01:00:0c:cc:cc:cc with its mac address as source
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No two way communication just multicasts
REFERENCES
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http://www.9tut.com/cisco-router-boot-sequence-tutorial
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http://www.petri.co.il/introduction-to-the-osi-model.htm