Back Ground
 Opposition of Separate Electorate by Hindus
 Jinnah opinion to accept Joint Electorate
 Division Of AIML
 Culcutta Group-Quaid
 Lahore Group-Sir Shafi/Iqbal
 Quaid was in favour in reconciliation with Congress
while Sir Shafi was not
Main Points
 Sind should be separated from Bombay and should be
constituted into an independent province
 Reforms should be introduced in the North-West Frontier
Province and Baluchistan on the same footing as in any other
province of India
 Reservation of seats according to the population for different
communities in the Punjab and Bengal
 Muslims should be given 1/3rd representation in the Central
Legislature.
Appraisal
 Rift in Muslim League
 Response to Simon Commission
 Challenge of Lord Burken Head that Indian are immture
Nehru Report 1928
Background
 The "Nehru Report" (August 1928)
 A memorandum outlining a proposed new Dominion
constitution for India
 By a committee of the All Parties Conference chaired by
Motilal Nehru with his son Jawaharlal acting as secretary
 Important Members
 Motilal Nehru,Ali Imam ,Tej Bahadur Sapru, M.S. Aney, Mangal
Singh, Shuaib Qureshi, Subhas Chandra Bose, G. R. Pradhan,
with Shuaaib Qureshi disagreeing with some of the
recommendations,
Main Points
1. India should be given the status of a dominion.
2. There should be federal form of government with residuary
powers vested in the center.
3. India should have a parliamentary form of government
headed by a Prime Minister and six ministers appointed by
the Governor General.
4. There should be bi-cameral legislature.
5. There should be no separate electorate for any community.
6. System of weightage for minorities was as bad as that of
separate electorates.
Cont….
7. Reservation of Muslim seats could be possible in the provinces
where Muslim population was at least ten percent, but this was to
be in strict proportion to the size of the community.
8. Muslims should enjoy one-fourth representation in the Central
Legislature.
9. Sindh should be separated from Bombay only if the Committee
certified that it was financially self-sufficient.
10. The N. W. F. P. should be given full provincial status.
11. A new Kanarese-speaking province Karnatic should be
established in South India.
12. Hindi should be made the official language of India.
Analysis
 The recommendations of the Nehru Report went against the
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interests of the Muslim community
An attempt to serve Hindu predominance over Muslims
The Nehru Committee's greatest blow was the rejection of
separate electorates
If the report had taken into account the Delhi Proposals, the
Muslims might have accepted it
Nehru Committee did not consider the Delhi Proposals at all
while formulating their report
The Muslims were asking for one-third representation in the
center while Nehru Committee gave them only one-fourth
representation
Cont…
 Two demands of Muslims were considered in the Nehru Report but both
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of them incomplete
It was said that Sindh should be separated from Bombay but the
condition of self-economy was also put forward
It demanded constitutional reforms in N. W. F. P. but Baluchistan was
overlooked in the report
Syed Ali Imam could attend only one meeting due to his illness and
Shoaib Qureshi did not endorse views of the Committee on the issue of
Muslim representation in legislature
The Hindus under Congress threatened the government with a
disobedience movement if the Nehru report was not implemented into
the Act by December 31, 1929
Hindu attitude proved to be a milestone in the freedom movement of
the Muslims
Amendments Proposed
 By Quaid
 1/3 seats instead of 1/4th in Central Legislature
 Proportionate representation for Muslim in Punjab
and Bangal for 10 Years
 Residual Powers to Provinces instead of center
 By MA Joher
 Complete independence instead of Dominion Status
Jinnah and Joher on Nehru Report
 It also proved to be a turning point in the life of
Muhammad Ali Jinnah. After reading the Nehru Report,
Jinnah announced a 'parting of the ways'. The Nehru
Report reflected the inner prejudice and narrow-minded
approach of the Hindus (Quaid)
 “As a young man he had been a keen owner of grey
hounds,but he had never grey hounds deal with hare as
the Hindus proposed to deal with the Muslims.“(Joher)
Quaid’s 14 Points 1929
Back Ground
 The report was given in a meeting of the council of the All
India Muslim League on March 28, 1929
 Nehru Report was criticized by Muslim leaders Aga Khan
and Mohammad Shafi
 They considered it as a death warrant because it
recommended joint electoral rolls for Hindus and Muslims
 March 1929, the Muslim league session was held at Delhi
under the presidency of Jinnah. In his address to his
delegates, he consolidated Muslim viewpoints under fourteen
items and these fourteen points became Jinnah 14 points
14 Points
1. The form of the future constitution should be federal, with the
residuary powers vested in the provinces.
2. All cabinets at central or local level should have at least 1/3 Muslim
representation.
3. All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be
constituted on the definite principle of adequate and effective
representation of minorities in every province without reducing the
majority in any province to a minority or even equality.
4. In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than
one third.
5. Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by means of
separate electorate as at present, provided it shall be open to any
community at any time to abandon its separate electorate in favor of a
joint electorate.
Cont…
6.
7.
8.
9.
Any territorial distribution that might at any time be necessary
shall not in any way affect the Muslim majority.
Full religious liberty, i.e. liberty of belief, worship and
observance, propaganda, association and education, shall be
guaranteed to all communities
No bill or resolution or any part thereof shall be passed in any
legislature or any other elected body if three fourths of the
members of any community in that particular body oppose it as
being injurious to the interests of that community or in the
alternative, such other method is devised as may be found
feasible and practicable to deal with such cases
Sindh should be separated from the Bombay Presidency.
10
11
12
13
14
Reforms should be introduced in the North West Frontier Province and
Balochistan on the same footing as in the other provinces
Provision should be made in the constitution giving Muslims an adequate
share, along with the other Indians, in all the services of the state and in
local self-governing bodies
The constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of
Muslim culture and for the protection and promotion of Muslim
education, language, religion, personal laws and Muslim charitable
institutions and for their due share in the grants-in-aid given by the state
and by local self-governing bodies
No cabinet, either central or provincial, should be formed without there
being a proportion of at least one-third Muslim ministers.
No change shall be made in the constitution by the Central Legislature
except with the concurrence of the State's contribution of the Indian
Federation
Analysis
 The fourteen points advocated by Jinnah received
uninterested applause from the Muslim community and were
discussed again when Jinnah rose to prominence in 1930's
 Among the Hindus, Jinnah's points were highly disregarded
Jawaharlal Nehru referred to them as "Jinnah's ridiculous 14
points" These demands were rejected by the Congress Party
 After the fourteen points were publicized, Jinnah was invited
to attend the round table conferences, where he forwarded
the Muslim point of view
Some other
 Silent about
 Urdu
 Islam
 Only demands for Muslims
 Political Charter of AIML
 Still Separate Country was not demanded
 Still concept of Nation not arised
Comparison
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nehru Report rejected weightage for minorities because it thought that
minority question is a British creation and would disappointed as india would
attained dominion status, while jinnah viewed that minority question is real
and based upon fundamental, political difference
Nehru report rejected muslim demand for separate electorates on the
ground that all indians belonging to one nation, while it was not the case
muslims regarded themselves a separate national entity from non-muslims
Nehru report, muslims could enjoy one-fourth of the representation in the
central legislature. while 14 points recommended that in central legislature
muslims representation should not be less than one-third
Moreover, nehru report favoured that autonomy should in the centre while
jinnah recommended that uniform measure of autonomy shall be granted to
all provinces
5. Nehru report was advocating the independence of whole india which meant
for all allies communities alike but jinnah hold that independence as
visualised by the congress is dominion status in british commonwealth of
nations which in practice implies the rule of minority
6. Nehru refused to include in a provincial cabinet any musllim while jinnnah
with his league insisted that muslim interests can best be defended by a
minister commanding the confidence of the muslim majority in his
provincial legislature
7. Nehru report wished to enforced parliamentary system of government at
the centre , jinnah viewed this system not suited to the genius of india and
already proved to be failure in the congress governed provinces were the
muslim minority were suppressed and not protected
8. The main difference and pivot of the whole question is that the congress
while claiming for itself the right for the whole of india denies the muslim
league the right to speak, on behalf of indian muslims
Jinnah’s 14 Points .................... .Nehru Report
 Separate Electorate for Muslims...............Joint Electorate
 Demanded weightage for Minorities……..No weightage for minorities
 Demanded Provincial Autonomy……..Demand of Strong Central Govt
 Inclusions of Muslims in the cabinet....Against the inclusion in the cabinet
 Obsessed with communal issues..........Obsessed with rule of majority
 1/3rd Rep. in central Govt for Muslims.....1/4th Rep for Muslim in
central govt