DEFINITION
MATTER / MATERIAL
SOMETHING THAT
HAS MASS AND VOLUME
DEFINITION
PARTICLE
ATOM / MOLECULE / ION
A SMALL PIECE OF MATTER
DEFINITION
SUBSTANCE
MATTER MADE OF
ONLY ONE TYPE OF PARTICLE
DEFINITION
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID / LIQUID / GAS
KNOWLEDGE
PARTICLE THEORY
ALL MATTER IS MADE OF PARTICLES
THAT ARE CONSTANTLY IN MOTION
KNOWLEDGE
SOLID
STRONG BONDS ↔ FIXED SHAPE
SMALL SEPARATION ↔ FIXED VOLUME
KNOWLEDGE
LIQUID
WEAK ATTRACTION ↔ FLUID SHAPE
SMALL SEPARATION ↔ FIXED VOLUME
KNOWLEDGE
GAS
NO ATTRACTION ↔ FLUID SHAPE
LARGE SEPARATION ↔ COMPRESSIBLE
DEFINITION
VACUUM
A SPACE WITH NO PARTICLES
DEFINITION
CHANGE OF STATE
MELTING / FREEZING
BOILING / CONCENSATION
EVAPORATION / SUBLIMATION
A CHANGE OF PHYSICAL STATE
WITHOUT CHEMICAL CHANGE
DUE TO HEAT FLOW
KNOWLEDGE
MELTING
AT MELTING POINT
NO CHANGE IN ITS TEMPERATURE
DURING PROCESS
KNOWLEDGE
FREEZING
AT MELTING POINT
NO CHANGE IN ITS TEMPERATURE
DURING PROCESS
KNOWLEDGE
BOILING
AT BOILING POINT
NO CHANGE IN ITS TEMPERATURE
DURING PROCESS
KNOWLEDGE
EVAPORATION
AT ANY TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE IS REDUCED
DURING PROCESS
KNOWLEDGE
CONDENSATION
AT BOILING POINT OR BELOW
NO CHANGE IN ITS TEMPERATURE
DURING PROCESS
KNOWLEDGE
SUBLIMATION
AT SUBLIMATION POINT
NO CHANGE IN ITS TEMPERATURE
DURING PROCESS
KNOWLEDGE
THE WATER CYCLE
DEFINITION
ATOM
THE SMALLEST PARTICLE
OF AN ELEMENT
DEFINITION
ELEMENT
A SUBSTANCE
WITH ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM
DEFINITION
ELEMENTAL SYMBOL
Z
AX
SOMETHING THAT REPRESENTS
AN ELEMENT
A = ATOMIC NUMBER
Z = AVERAGE MASS
KNOWLEDGE
THE PERIODIC TABLE
A USEFUL WAY OF
ARRANGING ELEMENTS
DEFINITION
GROUP
(THE PERIODIC TABLE)
GROUP = SET OF SIMILAR MEMBERS
ONE OF THE COLUMNS
DEFINITION
PERIOD
(THE PERIODIC TABLE)
PERIOD = REPEATING PATTERN
ONE OF THE ROWS
DEFINITION
COMPOUND
A SUBSTANCE MADE OF
TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS
CHEMICALLY BOUND TOGETHER
THE ELEMENTS
CANNOT BE PHYSICALLY SEPARATED
PHYSICALLY & CHEMICALLY
DIFFERENT FROM ITS ELEMENTS
KNOWLEDGE
CHEMICAL NAME
METALLIC ELEMENT NAME +
NON-METAL ION NAME
COMPLEX COMPOUND NAMES
INCLUDE NUMERICAL PREFIXES
KNOWLEDGE
NUMERICAL PREFIXES
MONO = 1; DI = 2; TRI = 3
KNOWLEDGE
CHEMICAL FORMULAE
CuSO4
THE RECIPE OF A PARTICLE
INCLUDING THE RELATIVE NUMBER
OF ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT
DEFINITION
MIXTURE
TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES
PHYSICALLY IN THE SAME SPACE
CAN BE PHYSICALLY SEPARATED