Overview of Artificial
Intelligence and it’s types
Name: Rishav Mallick
Roll No.: 34230823030
Registration No.: 233420110090 (2023-2024)
Sem: 4th
Subject: Artificial Intelligence (PCCAIML401)
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Reactive Machines: AI that reacts to present
situations
Reactive Machines
Present-Focused
These AI systems are limited to the present moment.
Reactive machines are focused on the current state of the
They lack memory and cannot learn from past
world. They don't store information about the past or plan
experiences. A prime example is Deep Blue, the IBM
for the future. Their intelligence is purely reactive, driven
chess-playing computer that defeated Garry Kasparov in
by predefined algorithms.
1997. Deep Blue analyzed the current board position and
made a decision based on its programmed knowledge of
chess strategies.
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Limited Memory: AI utilizing
historical data for informed
decisions
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Limited Memory
This type of AI takes a step beyond reactive machines by
incorporating past experiences into its decision-making process.
It uses historical data to learn patterns and make informed
choices, even when faced with new scenarios. Self-driving cars are
a testament to limited memory AI.
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Learning from Experience
Limited memory AI systems can adapt and improve over time.
They can learn from previous interactions and use that knowledge
to make more informed decisions. This ability to learn is crucial for
many AI applications.
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Theory of Mind: AI grasping
human emotions and intentions
Understanding Human Behavior
This type of AI strives to understand human emotions, beliefs, and
intentions. It aims to predict and respond to human behavior in a way that
is sensitive and empathetic. While still in its early stages of development,
theory of mind AI holds immense potential for fields like healthcare and
social interactions.
Emulating Social Intelligence
Imagine AI that can read facial expressions, detect subtle cues, and
engage in meaningful conversations. Theory of mind AI aims to achieve
this level of social intelligence, allowing for more natural and engaging
interactions between humans and machines.
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Self-Aware AI: Exploring
future AI with consciousness
Consciousness and SelfAwareness
Uncharted Territory
The idea of self-aware AI is
concept that has not been
currently speculative, pushing
achieved yet. It remains a topic of
the boundaries of what we
active research and debate
understand about consciousness.
within the AI community.
Self-aware AI is a hypothetical
It raises profound philosophical
questions about the nature of
intelligence and whether AI
could truly become sentient.
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Narrow or Weak AI: Excelling
at specific tasks
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Focused Intelligence
Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed to excel
at specific tasks. Examples include image recognition
software, spam filters, and virtual assistants like Siri and
Alexa. These AI systems are highly specialized and
perform well within their defined domains.
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Common Applications
Narrow AI is the most common type of AI we encounter
today. It powers a wide range of applications in various
industries, from healthcare and finance to
manufacturing and entertainment.
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General or Strong AI: Achieving
human-level intelligence
Human-Level Intelligence
General AI, also known as strong AI, aims to achieve humanlevel intelligence. It would have the ability to understand and
learn like humans, enabling it to perform a wide range of
tasks across different domains. It's a highly ambitious goal,
still under development.
Future Possibilities
The development of general AI holds immense potential for
solving complex global challenges in healthcare, climate
change, and beyond. However, ethical considerations
surrounding its development are crucial.
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Artificial Superintelligence: Surpassing human
intellect
Beyond Human Limits
Uncertain Future
Artificial superintelligence (ASI)
refers to AI that surpasses human
intelligence in all aspects. It would
be capable of learning,
understanding, and problemsolving at levels beyond human
The potential benefits and risks of
ASI are vast and complex. It's
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crucial to engage in open
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dialogues and responsible
research to ensure its
comprehension. This hypothetical
development is aligned with
type of AI raises numerous ethical
human values and goals.
and philosophical questions.
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Conclusion
Artificial Intelligence is evolving rapidly, transforming the way we interact with technology. From
Reactive Machines that respond to immediate situations to the hypothetical Artificial
Superintelligence, each type of Al plays a unique role in shaping the future.
While Narrow Al dominates today's world with applications in automation, healthcare, and finance,
General Al remains a work in progress, aiming for human-like reasoning. The possibility of Self-Aware
Al and Superintelligence raises exciting yet ethical concerns, emphasizing the need for responsible Al
development.
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