MYP5
U4 - BIOLOGY – The Human Body
Contents
Kognity (B7.2 Transport in Mammals)
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B7.2.3 Coronary arteries and coronary heart disease
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B7.2.4 Heartbeat
ACTIVITY- Criterion A &B&C&D
1. Answer following questions.
a) Define coronary arteries.
b) Describe the condition of heart attack and cardiac arrest.
c) Describe the process of coronary heart disease (CHD).
Figure 2. The process of coronary heart disease (CHD).
Criterion D:
CHD begins with damage to the inner layer of a coronary artery. This damage may be
caused by various factors including smoking, diet, diabetes, obesity, a sedentary
lifestyle, high stress and even genes.
Cigarette smoking greatly increases the risk of CHD. If a smoker wants to reduce their
chances of getting CHD, the best thing they can do is to stop smoking completely and
stop consuming all forms of tobacco. It has been shown that nicotine (a
chemical found in all tobacco products) causes damage to the circulatory system,
including the coronary arteries.
Figure 3. Smoking is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD).
Credit: ebolyukh iStock
It has also been shown that a diet rich in animal fat and cholesterol and high in salt
increases a person's chances of getting CHD. In order to reduce the risk, the advice is
to consume a diet that includes a wide variety of foods, containing oils from plants
and fish, while reducing the amount of animal fat consumed.
Being extremely overweight increases the risk of several forms of heart disease,
including CHD. Although genes may affect whether or not a person becomes obese,
you can keep your coronary arteries in good condition by keeping your body weight at
a suitable level and exercising regularly.
Some people inherit genes, which make them more vulnerable to CHD. Very little can
be done about this, except to make lifestyle changes that reduce the risk of CHD.
a) Explain the causes of CHD.
b) Discuss the risk involved of smoking on human health.
c) Suggest any two solutions of this problem of heart disease.
Criterion C:
Table 1 shows some data about the number of people dying from CHD in the UK in
2012. Table 2 shows the data on all deaths in the UK in 2012 for comparison. (Data
from Townsend, N., Williams, J., Bhatnagar, P., Wickramasinghe, K. and Rayner, M.
(2014) Cardiovascular disease statistics. British Heart Foundation: London.)
a) Interpret data results given on deaths in the UK.
Criterion B:
1. Explain the problem of investigation.
2. Formulate your testable hypothesis.
3. Identify variables (IV, DV, and CV).
4. List all materials and use of materials in the experiment.
5. Explain results got form experiment with scientific reasoning.