ANATOMY OF THE
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
Figure 1: A. Anterior view of the rotator cuff muscles. B. Posterior view of the rotator cuff muscles.
Figure 2: A. Anterior view of the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint. B. Lateral view of the ligaments of
the glenohumeral joint.
Figure 3: A. Anterior view of the bursae, biceps brachii muscle and glenohumeral joint. B. Lateral view of
glenohumeral joint ligaments.
Figure 4: Arteries supplying glenohumeral joint A. Anterior view B. Posterior view
Muscle
Proximal
Attachment
Distal
Attachment
Innervation
Action
Supraspinatus
Supraspinous
fossa of
scapula
Superior
facet of
greater
tubercle
of humerus
Suprascapular
nerve (C5,
C6)
Initiates /
assists
deltoid in
abduction of
arm
Stabilizes
glenohumeral
joint
Infraspinatus
Infraspinous
fossa of the
scapula
Middle facet
of the
greater
tubercle of
the humerus
Suprascapular
nerve (C5,
C6)
Rotates arm
laterally
Stabilizes
glenohumeral
joint
Teres minor
Middle part
of the lateral
border of the
scapula
Inferior facet
of the
greater
Axillary
nerve (C5,
C6)
Rotates arm
laterally
Stabilizes
glenohumeral
tubercle of
the humerus
Subscapularis
Subscapular
fossa
UNLABELLED DIAGRAMS
Lesser
tubercle of
the humerus
joint
Upper and
lower
subscapular
nerves (C5,
C6, C7)
Rotates arm
medially
Stabilizes
glenohumeral
joint
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