Medicinal Mushrooms: 7 Kinds and Their Unique Health Benefits
Exploring the Uses of the Top Medicinal Mushrooms
The medicinal use of mushrooms dates back thousands of years because of their varied and uniquely adaptive benefits
for health. Now, in recent times with functional medicine and holistic nutrition going mainstream, we’re seeing a
resurgence of interest in these marvelous superfoods. But, there are a few things you should know before running to
your local supplement shop…
This article will encapsulate the top health benefits of 7 medicinal mushrooms, while also revealing why some
mushroom supplements sold in today’s marketplace don’t contain mushrooms at all. And finally, it will explain how Real
Mushrooms produces medicinal mushroom extracts for our supplements and what to shop for when you’re looking to
get true high-quality mushroom supplement benefits.
In This Article - https://www.realmushrooms.com/7-medicinal-mushroom-benefits-for-health/
Lion’s Mane Mushroom: The Mushroom for the Mind
Reishi Mushroom: The Mushroom of Immortality
Cordyceps Mushroom: The Caterpillar Fungus
Chaga Mushroom: The Mushroom that’s not a Mushroom
Turkey Tail Mushroom: The Mushroom of Multiple Colors
Shiitake Mushroom: The Fragrant Mushroom
Maitake Mushroom: The Dancing Mushroom
3 Bonus Medicinal Mushrooms: Oyster, Agaricus, Tremella
Understanding Medicinal Mushroom Supplement Benefits & Shopping Tips
The information in this article has been reviewed by Dr. Mason Bresett, Chief Science Advisor and Naturopathic Doctor.
Overview of Health Benefits of Medicinal Mushrooms
Medicinal mushrooms are nutritional powerhouses with a myriad of health benefits including the following:
Provide immune support*
Full of antioxidants*
Support a healthy inflammation response*
Help to balance blood sugar*
Support brain health and cognition*
Support the nervous system*
Increase energy and stamina*
Lion’s Mane Mushroom: The Mushroom for the Mind
Lion's Mane MushroomsSpecies name: Hericium erinaceus
Primary Lion’s Mane Mushroom Medicinal Benefits: Supports healthy
brain function & neuron generation*
Lion’s Mane is full of a multitude of important compounds, such as betaglucans, which are immuno-modulating antioxidants and neuro-protective
phytonutrients*. In vitro research suggests that certain compounds found
in Lion’s mane, namely hericenones and erinacines, may help induce
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) synthesis in nerve cells [1]. This dovetails with
findings from animal research that Lion’s mane promotes nerve tissue
growth and supports motor function. And research in adults with mild
memory problems associated with aging found that those taking Lion’s
Mane extract had better brain function compared with control
participants who did not ingest the mushroom [2]. All of this indicates that
Lion’s Mane mushroom is an amazing helper for healthy brain function
and may even support neurogenesis.
Historical Uses of Lion’s Mane Medicinal Mushrooms
Lion’s Mane, or Hericium erinaceus, is a species of mushroom that is beautiful in appearance; it has long cascading
shaggy spines resembling a waterfall. Lion’s Mane grows on the trunks of hardwood trees in Northern forests.
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), names Lion’s Mane Hou Tou Gu (monkey head mushroom). Chinese medicine
practitioners use this mushroom for the spleen, and its association with digestion, energy, and water regulation. TCM
also uses this medicinal mushrooms as a tonic for stress-related disorders (neurasthenia) and for a lack of energy (qi
deficiency).
The Japanese call Lion’s Mane Yamabushitake, after the worshipping Buddhist monks known as the Shugendō. These
monks used Lion’s Mane tea to increase their ability to concentrate during meditation. Indigenous peoples of precolonial US, Canada, and Australia also used Lion’s Mane for medicine and food. This mushroom has become a wellestablished candidate in promoting cognitive function.
Best Ways to Include Lions’ Mane Mushrooms in Your Daily Life
Real Mushrooms offers a superb Lion’s Mane supplement that is full of beneficial compounds because efficacy is our top
priority. We recommend taking ½ teaspoon a day, over a prolonged period of time, to fully notice the effects. You can
add this powder to your morning smoothie, coffee, or elixir of your choosing.
Learn more by reading our article, Lion’s Mane Mushroom Benefits: A Complete Supplement Guide.
https://www.realmushrooms.com/lions-mane-mushroom-benefits/
Reishi Mushroom: The Mushroom of Immortality
Reishi The King of MushroomsSpecies name: Ganoderma lingzhi
Primary Reishi Mushroom Medicinal Benefits: Sleep aid and potent
immunomodulator*
The polysaccharides in reishi mushroom are associated with immune
function, and if taken over time, reishi can significantly support the
immune system*. It can also support restful sleep and a calm mind,
reduce occasional stress and restlessness, can support lung and
respiratory health, and support balanced blood sugar levels*.
One study has demonstrated that Reishi can decrease symptom scale
scores for men experiencing lower urinary tract symptoms (urination
difficulty) [22]. Reishi can be used safely in adjunct with certain
oncology medications and diagnoses [23].
Because of its well-rounded capacity to support numerous systems in the body, herbalists call reishi the King of
Medicinal Mushrooms.
Historical Uses of Reishi Medicinal Mushrooms
Reishi, or Ganoderma lingzhi, has a 2000-year-old written record in medicinal texts. Most notably, Chinese Taoist monks
wrote of using it to promote calmness, as well as to enhance their meditative practices. Chinese royalty used reishi to
promote longevity and held this “mushroom of immortality,” in high esteem. Reishi was listed as the most cherished
among the superior herbs, which are considered to support a long life, support healthy aging, boost qi, and make the
body light [3].
There are six different colors of reishi referenced in historical literature, each with their own unique benefits.
Best Ways to Include Reishi Mushrooms in Your Daily Life
Real Mushrooms ensures that our reishi products are made from the mushroom (fruiting body) and contain higher levels
of the medicinal compounds beta-d-glucans and triterpenes with NO grain fillers. Shockingly, a study analyzing
commercially available Reishi mushroom supplements showed that only five of 19 products tested could be verified as
genuine reishi mushroom.
One way to identify the purity of our reishi product is its dark colour and bitter taste, both characteristic of true reishi.
We recommend taking two reishi capsules a day, over a prolonged period of time to notice the health benefits of this
incredible medicinal mushroom.
Learn more by reading our article, Reishi Mushroom Benefits & Usage: A Complete Guide.
https://www.realmushrooms.com/reishi-mushroom-benefits/
Cordyceps Mushroom: The Caterpillar Fungus
Cordyceps MilitarisSpecies name: Cordyceps Militaris
Primary Cordyceps Mushroom Medicinal Benefits: Improves lung capacity
and increases energy*
The cordyceps mushroom is an incredible energy-boosting fungi. Certain
studies have shown that cordyceps can increase the production of ATP, the
compound that gives cells energy, in rodents. This is why Cordyceps is a
good mushroom supplement to take for exercise and physical
performance*. In fact, two well-controlled clinical studies have found
cordyceps improves exercise performance in healthy older individuals [4,5].
Preliminary research in humans, animals, and test tubes also indicates that
cordyceps supports healthy levels of inflammation and immune markers.
Related cordyceps species may have hormone regulatory properties shown
in research studies to increase libido (in women) and improve sperm health
in men [27]. Cordyceps can support kidney health in certain populations [24, 25, 26].
Historical Uses of Cordyceps Medicinal Mushrooms
Old Chinese medical books and Tibetan medicine describe cordyceps as a treasure. With hundreds of different species, it
is a parasitic fungus that preys on insects. Traditional healers use the fungus as a powerful tonic to improve energy,
appetite, stamina, and endurance [6].
Cordyceps was traditionally used as a tonic because it has the capacity to revitalize and restore symptoms like fatigue,
exhaustion, and chronic stress. Out of all the medicinal mushrooms, Cordyceps is the most stimulating, warming, and
powerful in a traditional context. It has an affinity to the kidneys and lungs, meaning it supports these organs the most.
The Strange (And Expensive) Cordyceps Market
The most well-known species of cordyceps is Cordyceps sinensis; the most expensive mushroom in the world, costing
over $20,000 per kilogram and sold almost exclusively in Asia. It is a rare combination of a caterpillar and a mushroom
and is found at high altitudes in the Himalayan Plateau.
For many years, Chinese scientists weren’t able to cultivate this mushroom, fueling an increasing demand on a small
supply. Now, with this particular fungus, it is very important to be aware of what you are consuming, because wild
Cordyceps sinensis rarely makes it to the North American market, yet companies are still advertising Cordyceps sinensis
on their mushroom supplements. If a cordyceps product is grown in North America, it is almost certainly myceliated
grain. A high amount of grain means a low amount of mycelium and decreased beta-glucans, which are the beneficial
polysaccharides found in the cell wall.
Luckily, there is one type of Cordyceps species that can be cultivated commercially to produce a mushroom (fruiting
body), and that is Cordyceps militaris, which has similar benefits to Cordyceps sinensis. If you would like to dive deeper
into the realm of this fungus, we have written an engaging and extensive article on cordyceps supplements to help you
keep informed.
Learn more by reading our article, Cordyceps Mushrooms: Supplement Types & Health Benefits.
https://www.realmushrooms.com/cordyceps-supplements-guide/
Chaga Mushroom: The Mushroom that’s not a Mushroom
Chaga Species name: Inonotus Obliquus
Primary Chaga Mushroom Medicinal Benefits:
Boosts digestion and clears/protects skin
Chaga has been studied for its use in skin
conditions and stomach disorders. Chaga has
over 200 pre-clinical animal and cell studies
showing promising health benefits including
such as being high in antioxidants, supporting
digestion, immune support, modulating
inflammation, containing key anti-microbial
substances, and being adaptogenic [7].
Historical Uses of Chaga
Chaga or Inonotus obliquus, which is
commonly referred to as a mushroom, is
actually a highly prized woody canker or conk
that grows in the colder regions of the
Northern Hemisphere on birch trees.
The first medicinal uses of chaga seem to
have come out of Russia around the 16th
century. Siberians would use chaga as a tea to enhance stomach health*. After 1966, Chaga gained more exposure after
its powers were written about in Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s book, Le Pavillon des cancéreux. Many indigenous people
continue to use Chaga around the world for varying health-supportive purposes.
How Chaga Grows Is the Key to Its Benefits
As Chaga grows primarily on birch trees and much of the mass itself is actually wood fiber and not mycelium, many
medicinal compounds from birch like betulin and betulinic acid end up in the chaga. The outer black layer on the canker
contains high amounts of melanin, which can be beneficial for our skin*.
Until recently, Chaga could not be cultivated, but now in Finland they are inoculating birch trees with this fungus. Labcultivated Chaga does not develop into canker, and as it does not grow on birch but on grain, it does not contain the
important medicinal compounds that come from birch.
Learn more by reading our article, Chaga Mushroom Benefits: A Science, Health, & Supplement Guide.
https://www.realmushrooms.com/chaga-mushroom-benefits/
Turkey Tail Mushroom: The Mushroom of Multiple Colors
Turkey TailSpecies name: Trametes Versicolor
Primary Turkey Tail Mushroom Medicinal Benefit: Boosts
immune system function
Turkey tail improves immune function by stimulating
cytokine production, increasing natural killer cells, and
through other immune-boosting functions*.
Protein-bound polysaccharides (PBP) found in Turkey Tail
have the most research-backed immune-supportive
effects. These PBP compounds can enhance key types of
immune cells, like T-cells, when used alone or in
combination with synergistic herbs [29]. Turkey Tail is a
safe mushroom to use long-term within the context of
proper medical treatment [23, 32].
Historical Uses of Turkey Tail Medicinal Mushrooms
Turkey Tail mushroom, or Trametes Versicolor, is one of the most common and local mushrooms to many peoples
around the world. It grows on dead logs worldwide and received its name because its rings of brown and tan look like
the tail feathers of turkey..
In TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) turkey tail has been used for supporting digestion, lung health, body fluid
regulation, and supporting vitality. In Japan and China, a derivative of turkey tail has been used to strengthen the
immune system [8]*. Turkey tail contains one of the highest amounts of beta-glucans of all mushrooms, which can help
keep our immune systems healthy when used over an extended period of time*.
Learn more by reading our article, Turkey Tail Mushroom Benefits & Usage: A Complete Guide.
https://www.realmushrooms.com/turkey-tail-mushroom-benefits/
Shiitake Mushroom: The Fragrant Mushroom
Shiitake MushroomsSpecies name: Lentinula
edodes
Primary Shiitake Mushroom Medicinal Benefit:
Supports cardiovascular health
Shiitake mushroom is great for immunity and liver
health, and it supports the cardiovascular
system*. Lentinan, a polysaccharide in shiitake
mushrooms, has shown great promise as an
immune system-boosting agent [9]*. Research has
also discovered a compound in shiitake,
eritadenine, that can help maintain cholesterol
already within a healthy range [9]*. The
mushrooms are great to cook with and are also
loaded with B-vitamins, helping to modulate
blood sugar levels in the body and support a
healthy inflammation response.
Shiitake mushrooms have been shown to increase
igA, a key immune cell (immunoglobulin)
associated with our first line of defense when it comes to immunity [32]. Shiitake mushrooms can decrease C-Reactive
Protein (CRP), a blood marker that detects inflammation [32].
Historical Uses of Shiitake Medicinal Mushrooms
Shiitake mushrooms are the most popular mushrooms in the world and have a meaty and versatile flavor, which is why
they’ve been used as a food source in Asia for hundreds of years.
In China, shiitake is called Xiang gu (香菇), which translates to “fragrant mushroom.” During the Ming Dynasty in China,
shiitake was deemed “the elixir of life”.
Shiitake mushrooms have been cultivated in Japan for centuries and received their name from the shii trees (related to
beech and oak) they’re found growing on. Shiitake has long been used as both a food and a supplement in TCM, as it is
thought to support a long healthy life and support healthy circulation*.
Maitake Mushroom: The Dancing Mushroom
Maitake MushroomsSpecies name: Grifola frondosa
Primary Maitake Mushroom Medicinal Benefits: Helps to maintain healthy blood pressure and supports immune
function
Maitake mushrooms support immune function by stimulating the immune system’s lymphocytes, natural killer cells,
monocytes, and T-helper cells* [10,11].
Historical Uses of Maitake Medicinal Mushrooms
Maitake, Grifola frondosa is commonly known as Hen of the
Woods or the Dancing Mushroom. It is plentiful in the
deciduous forests of North America and Japan. It is an edible
mushroom with an earthy flavour. Traditional Chinese
Medicine has used this mushroom for its support of the
spleen, and for benefiting qi. The mushroom (fruiting body)
contains polysaccharides such as beta-glucans, which have
been linked to healthy cell growth and turnover*.
Maitake became quite famous in the 1990’s after Dr. Hiroaki
Nanba, a pharmacologist at Kobe Pharmaceutical University
in Japan, began isolating and testing different polysaccharide
fractions from Maitake. Many of these fractions were quite
potent immunomodulating agents.
Oyster Mushroom: The Carnivorous Fungus
Oyster MushroomsMushrooms of the genus Pleurotus, most commonly P. ostreatus
Primary Oyster Mushroom Medicinal Benefits: Supports heart and metabolic health*
As one of the most actively cultivated edible mushrooms found worldwide, oyster mushrooms boast an excellent
nutritional profile, including low calories, low fat, high protein, a wide range of vitamins and minerals (including niacin),
and antioxidants.*
A number of research studies show that oyster
mushrooms can improve immune system function
against respiratory infections [33, 34, 35]. Oyster
mushrooms have unique compounds contributing to
the lowering of cholesterol known as lovastatin,
ergothioneine, ergosterol, ACE-inhibiting peptides, and
chrysin [36]. Lovastatin is a natural “statin” that inhibits
cholesterol synthesis. Oysters have the capacity to help
the body maintain healthy levels of cholesterol and
triglycerides [37].
Oyster mushrooms are also renowned for their ability
to help clean up environmental toxins and pests. This
fascinating mushroom is one of the few species of
carnivorous fungi, attacking and killing ne’er-do-wells
with its extracellular toxins [12].
Historical Uses of Oyster Medicinal Mushrooms
The oyster mushroom, or Pleurotus ostreatus, gets its name from its shape and color, not its taste. This white, shellshaped mushroom has a subtle but sweet, nutty taste and prefers to grow on dead hardwood trees, though the ease of
its cultivation has resulted in its inclusion in many grow-at-home mushroom kits in recent years. P. ostreatus was first
described by Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin in 1775, though he named it Agaricus ostreatus. It was transferred to
the genus Pleurotus by German mycologist Paul Kummer in 1871.
How the Ergothioneine in Oyster Mushrooms Promotes Health
Beyond beta-glucans, oyster mushrooms are known for their stores of the compound ergothioneine (also known as lergothioneine), an unusual amino acid with powerful antioxidant properties that can only be derived from the diet.
Research studies have demonstrated that ergothioneine has cytoprotective (i.e. cell-protecting) properties [13]*, though
there is a lack of human trials. The functional bioactive compounds in the oyster mushroom may also help maintain
blood pressure already within a healthy range, support a healthy body weight, balance blood sugar levels, and support
lipid metabolism, according to a systematic review of clinical trials [14]*.
.Agaricus Mushroom: The Button
Agaricus MushroomsSpecies name: Agaricus bisporus
Primary Agaricus Mushroom Medicinal Benefits: Supports cardiovascular
health and provides excellent levels of vitamin D*
Agaricus bisporus, often called “the button mushroom” or “the white
mushroom,” dominates the U.S. commercial mushroom industry,
representing approximately 90% of mushrooms consumed in the country
[15]. It has become so common that many refer to it simply as “the
mushroom.” With its pleasant taste, many people may think of this
mushroom as just an ingredient on pizza or in a salad, but the agaricus
mushroom provides numerous health benefits, including a substantial
amount of vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin.
Agaricus mushrooms show positive modulation of PSA levels in those with
prostate health concerns [38]. These mushrooms also have the capacity to increase bacteroidetes species in the
microbiome, a theorized favourable shift for gut health [39].
Historical Uses of Agaricus Medicinal Mushrooms
While common, Agaricus bisporus is anything but boring. Historical evidence suggests that A. bisporus was first
cultivated in France by botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in 1707 [16]. TCM practitioners have used it to help regulate
the body’s qi and to promote overall well-being. Recent research studies have also found that the carbohydrate profile
of agaricus mushrooms may benefit gut health [17]*. It also contains ergothioneine and polyphenols that may support a
healthy inflammation response and benefit cardiovascular health [16]*.
Agaricus as a Vegan Source of Vitamin D
Most notably, agaricus mushrooms are known for their vitamin D2 content. Mushrooms exposed to sunlight or UV
radiation are an excellent vegan source of the incredibly important sunshine vitamin. Unfortunately, vitamin D
deficiency has become all too common, particularly during the fall and winter months when days are shorter. Want to
learn more about mushrooms and vitamin D? Check out our in-depth discussion on the topic in our article Vegan
Vitamin D from Mushrooms.
Learn more about the benefits of agaricus mushroom and Vitamin D in our article, Vegan Vitamin D from Mushrooms.
https://www.realmushrooms.com/vegan-vitamin-d-from-mushrooms/
Tremella: The Snow Fungus
Tremella MushroomsSpecies name: Tremella fuciformis
Primary Tremella Mushroom Medicinal Benefits: Promotes healthy, youthful complexion through potent anti-aging
properties*
It may look a bit like a loofah, but don’t let its innocent appearance fool you — this mushroom may just be the beauty
powerhouse you’ve been looking for. The unique polysaccharides found in Tremella fuciformis are known for their
intense hydrating properties, much like hyaluronic acid, without the cost of high-end anti-aging cosmetic products. In
fact, these polysaccharides are smaller than hyaluronic acid, allowing them to penetrate the skin more easily.
One study suggested that topical products with T. fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPS) had a better moisture retention rate
than those with hyaluronic acid [19]*. Could the tremella mushroom be the next hyaluronic acid?
In addition to their remarkable hydrating properties, TFPS exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-aging, immune-boosting, gutnourishing, and neuroprotective properties, though the mechanism behind these effects remains unclear [20,21]*.
Historical Uses of Tremella Medicinal Mushrooms
Tremella, or Tremella fuciformis, is a highly valued historical treasure of China. Due to the rarity of T. fuciformis in the
wild, this gorgeous mushroom was once only available to royalty or the wealthy who could afford it. It has been said that
concubine Yang Guifei —one of the “Four Great Beauties” of Chinese history — used the superfood to maintain her
youthful appearance.
Despite its bland taste, tremella is still highly popular in China, where it is known as “yin er” (silver ear) or “baimuer”
(snow ear). TCM practitioners have recommended tremella as a yin tonic for thousands of years to promote health, long
life, and beauty. Being a stomach and lung yin tonic, TCM treatments of dry conditions include Tremella (dry cough, skin,
throat, etc).
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