Geography Shivangi Sanyal 10J Term 4 Reviewer Topic Coverage: 1. Urbanisation - The First Cities - The Industrial Revolution - Urban Explosion - Current Patterns 2. Cycle of Urbanisation - Suburbanisation - Counterurbanisation - Reurbanisation 3. Competition for Land 4. Global Cities 1. Urbanisation The First Cities - Urban Revolution Neolithic Revolution Trading Urban Revolution – 5500 years ago The change in society marked by the emergence of the first cities. The Areas that first witnessed profound socio-economic changes include: a. Mesopotamia – Valleys of Tigris and Euphrates rivers b. Egypt - The Lower Nile Valley c. India and Pakistan – Plains of the river Indus Often old civilisations would prefer to locate themselves on the lower ends of rivers. These areas had the slowest flow but were more likely to flood. Flood could result in casualty but also made the soil rich in nutrients for farming. Civilisations would use the water from rivers for various reasons: a. b. c. d. Food – Agriculture, Farming Irrigation Transportation – Travel by ships or boats Potable – Water used for daily activities like cooking or washing Later urban civilisations developed around the Mediterranean, in the Yellow River Valley in China, in South East Asia and the Americas. Neolithic Revolution – 8000 BCE Term 4 Reviewer 1 Geography Shivangi Sanyal 10J Another catalyst for this period of rapid change was the Neolithic Revolution when sedentary agriculture based on the domestication of animals replaces the nomadic way of life. Irrigation techniques were also developed the more farming advanced. There were many significant advancements, but the most important development was of writing in about 4000 BCE. After the invention of writing some villages Term 4 Reviewer 2
