LESSON 2 : Social Learning development • suggests that social behavior is learned by observing and imitating the behavior of others Social Learning Theory • Observational Learning ALBERT BANDURA Canadian-American Psychologist, Known for his Social Learning Theory 1925-2021 Models The Bobo Doll Experiment Psychosexual development • It is involving the psychological aspects of sexual impulse. Psychosexual Development Theory - He believed that children can gain sexual gratification from any part of their bodies, and during childhood, they go through 5 psychosexual stages that shape their adult personality. SIGMUND FREUD Austrian Neurologist, Father of Modern Psychology 1856-1939 Human Psyche • ID = Instincts • EGO = Reality • SUPEREGO = Morality Psychosexual Development Theory • Infantile Period • Latency Period • Genital Period SIGMUND FREUD Austrian Neurologist, Father of Modern Psychology 1856-1939 Oral Phase Infantile Period • Birth to 5 years old • Erogenous Zone is MOUTH • Gain pleasure through sucking Oral-receptive phase – infants feel no ambivalence toward the pleasurable object and their needs are usually satisfied with a minimum frustration and anxiety. Oral-sadistic phase – infants respond to others through biting, cooing, closing their mouth, smiling and crying. Anal Phase Infantile Period • Birth to 5 years old • Erogenous Zone is ANUS • Gain pleasure through releasing of bowels. • If the children will be forced to withhold their feces, they may develop anal character ( fixation ) Early Anal Period – children receive satisfaction by destroying or losing object. They become more aggressive to their parents when they are having toilet training. Late Anal Period – they sometimes take a friendly interest toward their feces, an interest that stems from the erotic pleasure of defecating. Phallic Phase Infantile Period • Erogenous Zone is GENITAL AREA Anatomy is destiny – this stage marked for the first time by a dichotomy between male and female. Male Phallic Phase Infantile Period • Erogenous Zone is GENITAL AREA Oedipus Complex – sexual desire for mother / hostility for the father Castration Complex in the form of castration anxiety shatters the Oedipus Complex Identification with the father Strong Superego replaces the nearly dissolved Oedipus Complex Female Phallic Phase Infantile Period • Erogenous Zone is GENITAL AREA Electra Complex – sexual desire for father / hostility for the mother Castration Complex in the form of penis envy. Gradual realization that the Electra desires are self-defeating. Weak Superego replaces the partially dissolved Electra Complex. Latency Period • 4-6 years old • Erogenous Zone is nowhere • Boys and girls mingle with each other with no problem. • It is also the time of exploration. Genital Period • Puberty. • Reawakening of sexual desires. • SEXUAL INTEREST in the opposite sex. • Reproduction is now possible. • Ego and Superego are now functioning. • It is a stage attained after a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in ideal manner. Maturity • Unfortunately, psychological maturity seldom happens because people have too many opportunities to develop pathological disorders or neurotic predespositions.
