LESSON 2 :
Social Learning
development
• suggests that social behavior is learned by
observing and imitating the behavior of others
Social Learning
Theory
• Observational Learning
ALBERT BANDURA
Canadian-American Psychologist, Known
for his Social Learning Theory
1925-2021
Models
The Bobo Doll
Experiment
Psychosexual
development
• It is involving the psychological aspects of sexual
impulse.
Psychosexual
Development
Theory
- He believed that children can gain sexual gratification
from any part of their bodies, and during childhood, they
go through 5 psychosexual stages that shape their adult
personality.
SIGMUND FREUD
Austrian Neurologist, Father of Modern
Psychology
1856-1939
Human Psyche
• ID = Instincts
• EGO = Reality
• SUPEREGO = Morality
Psychosexual
Development
Theory
• Infantile Period
• Latency Period
• Genital Period
SIGMUND FREUD
Austrian Neurologist, Father of Modern
Psychology
1856-1939
Oral Phase
Infantile Period
• Birth to 5 years old
• Erogenous Zone is MOUTH
• Gain pleasure through sucking
Oral-receptive phase – infants feel
no ambivalence toward the
pleasurable object and their needs
are usually satisfied with a minimum
frustration and anxiety.
Oral-sadistic phase – infants respond
to others through biting, cooing,
closing their mouth, smiling and
crying.
Anal Phase
Infantile Period
• Birth to 5 years old
• Erogenous Zone is ANUS
• Gain pleasure through releasing of
bowels.
• If the children will be forced to
withhold their feces, they may
develop anal character ( fixation )
Early Anal Period – children receive
satisfaction by destroying or losing
object. They become more
aggressive to their parents when
they are having toilet training.
Late Anal Period – they sometimes
take a friendly interest toward their
feces, an interest that stems from
the erotic pleasure of defecating.
Phallic Phase
Infantile Period
• Erogenous Zone is GENITAL AREA
Anatomy is destiny – this stage
marked for the first time by a
dichotomy between male and
female.
Male Phallic
Phase
Infantile Period
• Erogenous Zone is GENITAL AREA
Oedipus Complex – sexual desire
for mother / hostility for the father
Castration Complex in the form of
castration anxiety shatters the
Oedipus Complex
Identification with the father
Strong Superego replaces the nearly
dissolved Oedipus Complex
Female Phallic
Phase
Infantile Period
• Erogenous Zone is GENITAL AREA
Electra Complex – sexual desire for
father / hostility for the mother
Castration Complex in the form of
penis envy.
Gradual realization that the Electra
desires are self-defeating.
Weak Superego replaces the
partially dissolved Electra Complex.
Latency Period
• 4-6 years old
• Erogenous Zone is nowhere
• Boys and girls mingle with each
other with no problem.
• It is also the time of exploration.
Genital Period
• Puberty.
• Reawakening of sexual desires.
• SEXUAL INTEREST in the opposite
sex.
• Reproduction is now possible.
• Ego and Superego are now
functioning.
• It is a stage attained after a person
has passed through the earlier
developmental periods in ideal
manner.
Maturity
• Unfortunately, psychological
maturity seldom happens because
people have too many
opportunities to develop
pathological disorders or neurotic
predespositions.