There Are Four Different
Parenting Styles
• Authoritarian~ Low Love and High
Limits
• Permissive ~ High Love and Low Limits
• Authoritative ~ Democratic or
Balanced: High Love and High Limits
• Uninvolved ~ Rejecting/Neglecting:
Low Love and Low Limits
Impact of parenting
according to the
psychological
perspectives
Behaviorism
•
“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed,
and my own specified world to bring them up in
and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and
train him to become any type of specialist I might
select—doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and,
yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his
talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations,
and race of his ancestors.” (1930) — John B. Watson
Behaviorism
• The environment a child grows up in has the most
significant impact on shaping a child’s personality
and skills
• Children learn behaviors through rewards and
punishments
• Children learn through modeling and imitation
• Activity: Outline a set of dos and don’ts for parents
who wish to raise a child with high self esteem and
to be socially acceptable
Parenting Tips
• Parenting Dos
• Parenting Don’ts
Humanism
• positive regard - children seek for love, approval
and acceptance from others especially their
parents
• unconditional positive regard - parents love and
approval are freely granted not conditional on the
child’s behavior
• conditional positive regard - we receive love and
approval for our positive behavior
• conditions of worth - we see ourselves as worthy
only under the conditions that are acceptable to
our parents. We avoid behaviors or conditions that
are not acceptable to our parents
Activity:
Create a “family
sculpture” showing a
parenting style and it’s
impact on the function
of the family.
Psychoanalytic
• emphasized the recognition of childhood events
that could potentially influence the mental
functioning of adults
• Emphasizes importance of parents in guiding
children to overcome certain “crises” that occur in
development
• Focus on unconscious conflicts that need to be
overcome for normal development
Psychoanalytic
Psychosexual
Development
Pleasure-seeking energies become focused on
certain erogenous areas. This psychosexual energy,
or libido, was described as the driving force behind
behavior.
• If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate
stage, fixation can occur. A fixation is a persistent
focus on an earlier psychosexual stage.
•
Psychosexual
Development
Oral Stage (birth-1year)
• Erogenous Zone: Mouth- Pleasure from
sucking and swallowing
• Crisis: Weaning
• Fixation:
Oral receptive personality
Oral aggressive personality
Psychosexual
Development
Anal Stage (1 to 3 years)
• Erogenous Zone: bowel and bladder
control
• Crisis: Potty training
• Fixation: Anal retentive
Anal expulsive
Psychosexual
Development
Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years)
Erogenous Zone: genitals
Crisis: Oedipus complex or Electra complex
castration anxiety and penis envy
Identification with same sex parent
Fixation: Failure to resolve complex explains many
behaviors
Psychosexual
Development
Latency Stage (6 to 11 years)
Erogenous Zone: Sexual desire is repressed
Crisis: Sexual energy is converted to socially valued
activities
Fixation: the child must develop a certain degree of
competence in socially acceptable behaviors
Psychosexual
Development
Genital Stage (11 years on)
Erogenous Zone: genitals
Crisis: sexual and romantic interest is directed toward’s
one’s peers
Fixation: If the other stages have been completed
successfully, the individual should now be wellbalanced, warm and caring.