I&D
The single best characteristic feature of the penicillins is that they are drugs that:
Affect all microorganisms
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
Are a-lactam antibiotics
Are mainly anti-fungal
Inhibit viral replication
The single best example of a characteristic component of the adaptive immune response is the:
Macrophage
Dendritic cell
Complement component C1q
T-cell
NK cell
Phagocytosis :
Is restricted to macrophages
Is a property of T lymphocytes
Is unimportant in bacterial infection
Requires the presence of antibody
Deficiency leads mainly to bacterial infection
Which single statement accurately describes mycobacterium tuberculosis?:
Are clustered like bunches of grapes
Contain chitin polymers
Contain lipopolysaccharides
Is usually treated with a beta lactam antibiotic
Stained with Ziehl Neelson for light microscopy
The single best example of a virus that can latently infect humans is:
Rotavirus
Rhinovirus
Influenza virus
HIV
Respiratory syncytial virus
What type of Th cell helps to activate macrophages?
Th0
Th1
Th2
Th3
Th8
Which of the following cytokines is typically produced by Th1 cells?
IFN-gamma
IL-4
IL-5
IL-6
IL-13
What are the two classes of antibody found on the surface of naive B-cells?
IgA and IgD
IgD and IgM
IgE and IgG
IgG and IgD
IgM and IgA
Which best describes the cell that secretes antibodies?
B-cell
B lymphocyte
Immunocyte
Plasma cell
Plasmablast
Which best describes the entire intact molecule that presents antigen-derived peptides to the TCR
on human T-cells?
Class II alpha-chain
HLA
Leukocyte surface antigen
MHC
Peptide-presenting molecule
FHMP
What is the pattern of inheritance seen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
Mitochondrial
X-linked dominant
X - linked recessive
Which structure is responsible for synthesis of proteins that are destined to be exported from the
cell?
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Ribosome
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which best describes the primary function of lysosomes?
ATP production
Calcium storage
Intracellular digestion
Metabolism of toxic compounds
Protein synthesis
In addition to insulin, which hormone is most relevant to normal regulation of blood glucose level?
Adrenaline
Amylase
Glucagon
Glycogen
Somatostatin
Dual effectors can be used to control elements such as blood glucose conc. or body temp. What is
the advantage of dual control?
Antagonistic effectors increase the precision of control
Dual effectors keep levels static and prevent any change
Enable all or nothing control
When one effector fails the other compensates
All of the above are true
Positive feedback loops do not play a significant role in homeostasis. Why?
They accelerate transitions between different states, amplifying signals
They destabilise normal physiology and accelerate transitions between states
They destabilise rather than stabilise
They frequently inhibit signals and reduce stability
They often inhibit signals
Which of the following has been most frequently reported via the Serious Hazards of Transfusion
scheme?
Acute transfusion reaction
Delayed transfusion reaction
Graft versus host disease
Incorrect blood component transfused
Transfusion transmitted infection
In which condition is a prolonged thrombin time most likely to be observed?
A patient receiving warfarin anticoagulation
DIC
Haemophilia B
Vitamin deficiency associated with obstructive jaundice
Von Willebrand disease
Which antigens of the ABO blood group are present on the surface of group O blood cells?
A antigen
A and anti-B
A and B
B
No antigens are present
A patient is blood group B and rhesus negative. Which could be his genotype?
AB, dd
BB, Dd
BB, DD
BO, dd
BO, Dd
Which is a key structural or functional feature of a phospholipid bilayer?
It forms a completely impermeable barrier
It has hydrophilic groups on its internal surface
It has proteins embedded in it
It is composed primarily of carbohydrates
It is held together by covalent forces
CPP
Which statistical term best describes the proportion of patients who are known to have the disease
and who test positive?
Negative predictive value
Positive predictive value
Selectivity
Sensitivity
Specificity