CHROMOSOMES
DISORDER CAUSED
BY NONDISJUNCTION
Table of contents
01
KARYOTYPE
02
PHYSICAL/MENTAL
ABNORMALITIES
04
PROBABLITY
OF
EXCESTENCE
04
03
LIFESPAN
05
TREATMENT/THERAPY
01.
KARYOTYPE
Introduction
A karyotype is an individual’s complete set of chromosomes.
The term also refers to a laboratory-produced image of a
person’s chromosomes isolated from an individual cell and
arranged in numerical order. A karyotype may be used to
look for abnormalities in chromosome number or structure.
(DOWN SYNDROME) TRISOMY 21
(DOWN SYNDROME) TRISOMY 21
WHAT IS TRISOMY 21?
Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra
chromosome. Chromosomes are small “packages” of genes in
the body. They determine how a baby’s body forms and
functions as it grows during pregnancy and after birth. Typically,
a baby is born with 46 chromosomes. Babies with Down
syndrome have an extra copy of one of these chromosomes,
chromosome 21. A medical term for having an extra copy of a
chromosome is ‘trisomy.’ Down syndrome is also referred to as
Trisomy 21.
02.
PHYSICAL/MENTAL
ABNORMALITIES
Physical Abnormalities
Of People A Person
With
Down Syndrome
Distinct Facial Features: People with Down
syndrome often have distinct facial features,
which may include a flat facial profile, upward
slanting eyes with epicanthic folds, a small nose,
a protruding tongue, and low-set ears.
1.Low Muscle Tone (Hypotonia): Hypotonia is a
condition characterized by reduced muscle tone,
which can affect motor skills and coordination.
Babies with Down syndrome may exhibit poor
muscle tone, making it challenging for them to
hold up their heads or sit without support.
Joint Instability: Loose ligaments and poor muscle
tone can contribute to joint instability and
increased flexibility. This may manifest as
hyperextensible joints, particularly in the fingers
and toes.
Developmental Delays:
•Individuals with Down syndrome often
experience delays in physical and intellectual
development, such as speech and motor skills.
Mental Abnormalities
Of People A Person
With
Down Syndrome
Behavioral Issues:
• Some individuals with Down syndrome may
exhibit behavioral challenges such as
impulsivity, stubbornness, or difficulty regulating
emotions.
1.Social and Emotional Development:
1. Social skills and emotional development
may be delayed or affected in individuals
with Down syndrome. They may have
difficulty understanding social cues and
navigating social interactions.
Learning Disabilities:
Individuals with Down syndrome often have
specific learning difficulties, particularly in areas
such as reading, writing, and mathematics.
Intellectual Disability:
•Most individuals with Down syndrome have
some degree of intellectual disability, ranging
from mild to moderate. This can affect cognitive
abilities, learning, and problem-solving skills.
03.
LifeSpan of a person
with down syndrome
People with Down syndrome can expect to live to 60
In the 1940s, a child with Down syndrome had a life
expectancy of 12 years. These days, their life
expectancy is 60 years and a baby born with
Down syndrome could live into their 80s — in
line with the general population.
04.
Probability of
Existence
1 to 100
The estimated incidence of Down syndrome is between
1 in 1,000 to 1 in 1,100 live births worldwide. Each year,
approximately 3,000 to 5,000 children are born with this
chromosome disorder.
05.
Treatment
There is no single, standard treatment for Down
syndrome. Treatments are based on each person's
physical and intellectual needs, strengths, and limitations.
https://medlineplus.gov/downsyndrome.html#:~:text=There%
20is%20no%20single%2C%20standard,develop%20to%20their%20full%20potential.
“We have the same wants
and dreams as everyone
else. We can do anything
anyone else can do. We
are more alike than we are
different. ”