Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University-431004
Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra
Department of Physics
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Project report on
“Impact of fe2O3 Based Cr Doped NiO Nanocomposite for Supercapacitor Applications”
Submitted by
Munde Sushant Shivajirao
(MSc IInd Year)
Under The Guidance
Dr. B.N. Dole
Head and Professor
Advanced Material Research Laboratory ,
Department Of Physics,
Dr. BAMU Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar.
Outline Of Presentation
 Objectives
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Synthesis technique
 Experimental details
 Results and Discussion
 Conclusion
 References
Objectives:
 To synthesize the Cr doped NiO nanocomposite by Co-precipitation method. Using
different characterization techniques study the properties of the materials.
 To synthesize Cr doped NiO nanocomposite for super capacitor applications
 To examine the structures characterized by XRD
INTRODUCTION
Fe2O3( Iron Oxide):
 Molecular Weight :- 159.68 g/mol
 It is Ferromagnetic
 Molar Mass : 231.53 g/mol
 Density : 5 gm/cm3
 Melting point : 15970 c ( 2907 F, 1870 K )
 Boiling Point : 26230 c (2896 K, 4753 K )
CHROMIUM :
 Cr : Atomic No. :-24
 1st element in a group
 It is steely grey, lustrous hard and brittle transition metal
 Atomic Weight :- 51.9961(+ or-)0.0006
 Melting Point :- 2180K (19070c, 4840 F)
 Boiling Point :- 2944K ( 26710 c, 4840 F)
 Molar Heat capacity : 23.35 J/mol -K
Nickel Oxide:
 NiO : Molar Mass :- 74.6928g/mol
 Melting point :- 15990 c ( 35510 F, 2228 K)
 It is a basic metal oxide. It is intrinsic P-type semiconductor with a wide band gap and good thermal
and chemical stable
 Lightweight structural components for the aerospace industry
 As a material for temperature and gas sensors
 Nanowires and nanoalloys
Literature review
The author Ahmed, R., & Nabi synthesised that chromium doped NiO nano rods by using a facile hydrothermal method .
The Cr0.06NiO has shown excellent capacitive performance as compared to other samples . This sample is consisted on
Nano rods having large surface to volume ratio which is beneficial for redox reactions . XRD analysis has shown the
crystalline nature of samples. The author Khan, A., Shkir, M., Ansari, S. A., Parveen, N., AlFaify, S., El-Toni, A. M., …
Adil, S. F. report on the synthesis of Fe–NiO nanoparticles (Fe–NiO NPs) with a spherical shape via facile flash combustion
synthesis. A structural test shows cubic formations of Fe–NiO NPs in Fe concentrations. The results show that the NiO
doped with 5% of Fe exhibited superior capacitance performance (F4, 297.67 Fg1) compared to the other samples.
SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUE:

CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD:

Coprecipitation as a simple technique is usually used for the preparation of inorganic- and metal-based nanoparticles. Iron oxide
nanoparticles are widely famous in the biomedical field for their several advantages, and they are frequently synthesized using
Coprecipitation method. This method has several advantages such as high product yield, environmentally friendly solvent, and
narrow size distribution. Generally, the species forming the particles are dissolved in an aqueous medium(in the case of iron oxide
nanoparticles, the species are FeCl3 ∙ 6H2O and FeCl2 ∙ 4H2O). The precipitation is induced by the addition of a base under stirring at
room temperature under a nonoxidation atmosphere, leading to the formation of nanoparticles. The process variables that can govern
the colloidal properties of the final particles are the type and ratio of salt used, reaction temperature, pH, and the ionic strength.
Experimental Details:
A] Synthesis of pure NiO :
For the preparation of pure NiO 6.221 gm of Nickel Acetate, 3.5046 gm of HMTA were taken and to dissolve them 25 ml of DI water was
seperately added in them . Both the materials were mixed and stirred for ½ hr . Drop by drop Ammonia was added in it for maintaining the
Ph at 10.The mixture was then kept for heating about 2 hr . After heating the mixture was kept for coooling. After cooling the solution was
filtered using filter paper. The material filtered was pure NiO.
FLOW CHART
6.221gm of Nickel Acetate and 3.5046 gm HMTA
disssolved separately in 25 ml DI water
Stirred for ½ hr
Ammonia was added dropwise for maintaining pH at 10
Solution was heated at 1000 c for 2 hrs.
solution was kept for cooling and then for further filteration
some amount of DI water was used
After cooling the solution was filtered using the filter paper
pure NiO was formed
B] Synthesis of pure NiO with base Fe2O3
For the synthesis of pure NiO with Base Fe2O3, 6.221 gm of nickel acetate, 3.5046 gm of HMTA and 0.5 gm of Fe2O3 was taken. 25 ml of DI
water was added in them separately and then it was kept in a beaker and then it was stirred for ½ hr. drop by drop Ammonia was added in it
for maintaining Ph at 10 respectively. Then the solution was kept for heating at 1000 C for 2 hrs. After heating the solution was kept for
cooling. After that the solution was given the filteration of DI water FOR removing the impurities. The solution was filtered using the filter
paper.
FLOW CHART
6.221 gm Nickel acetate, 3.5046 gm HMTA and 0.5 gm Fe2O3 were
dissolved in 25 ml DI water seperately
stirred for 1/2 hr
Drop by Drop Ammonia added in it for pH at 10
solution was heated at 1000c for 2 hrs
After heating solution was kept for cooling
The solution was then filtered using filter paper and adding some
amount of DI water for removing impurities
Pure NiO with base Fe2O3 was formed
C] Synthesis of Fe2O3 based Cr doped NiO
For the synthesis of Fe2O3 based 5% Cr doped NiO ,6.221 gm of Nickel acetate, 3.5046 gm HMTA, 0.5 gm of Fe2O3 and 0.3330625 gm
Chromium chloride was taken and 25 ml of DI water was added in them separately. Then the solution was stirred for ½ hr and drop by drop
ammonia was added in it for maintaining Ph AT 10 respectively. The solution was then kept for heating at 1000 C for 2 hrs. After that the
solution was kept for cooling. After cooling the solution was filtered using filter paper and adding some DI water in it for removing
impurities.
FLOW CHART
6.221 gm Nickel acetate, 3.5046 gm HMTA , 0.5 gm Fe2O3 ,0.3330625 gm chromium
chloride were dissolved in 25 ml DI water seperately
stirred for 1/2 hr
drop by drop ammonia added for pH at 10
Solution was heated at 1000 C for 2 hrs
After heating solution was kept for cooling
The solutiom was then filtered using filter paper and adding some amount of DI water
for removing impurities
Fe2O3 based 5% Cr doped NiO was formed
Results and Discussion
Sample
Crystalline
Size
Volume
Dislocation
Density
Micro Strain
Stacking
fault
Pure NiO
8.90039
25.77695
0.01232356
0.0035377
0.007418377
Fe2O3/Pure
NiO
1.87844
37.23628
0.002834033
0.0018167
0.004889524
Fe2O3//5%
Cr-NiO
7.99736
37.23628
0.015635317
0.2154823
0.005838419
(Fig.2: XRD results of pure NiO, Fe2O3 based NiO,
Fe2O3 based Cr doped NiO)
References:
 Ahmed, R., & Nabi, G. (2021). Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Cr-doped NiO Nanorods
for Supercapacitor Application. Journal of Energy Storage
 Khan, A., Shkir, M., Ansari, S. A., Parveen, N., AlFaify, S., El-Toni, A. M., … Adil, S. F. (2020). Onepot flash combustion synthesis of Fe@NiO nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications. Ceramics
International.
 Rajan Lakra, Rahul Kumar, Parasanta Kumar Sahoo,Sandeep Kumar and Ankur Soam (Applications
of Iron Oxide in supercapacitor)
Conclusion
 The crystalline size of Pure NiO , Fe2O3 /NiO , Fe2O3 based Cr doped NiO was synthesised using Coprecipitation method
 The samples were characterized using XRD characterizaation and the functional group of material
was found using FTIR .
 The samples were sent for futher tests like FESEM,,RAMAN UV-Vis spectra