DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ACTIVITIES
Digestive System:
Gastrointestine
opening
tract (GI)
- It
is
from
an
the mouth
extracellular
to
the
anus
environment
we different
regions:
-
-
-
structures- teethitungue
A
ressory
-
-
-
-
-
·
Ingestion
digestive
-
-
-
·
physical
chemical
absorption
eliminate
waste
-
glands
liver
gall bladder
pan reas
-
mouth
esophagus
stomach
intestines
Restum
Anus
-
pertoneum
-
small
-large
Digestive system
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
Part
ID on model:
Y/N
1. Oral cavity
The mouth, where food intake and initial digestion occur.
2. Tongue
Muscle organ, aids in taste, speech, and swallowing.
3. Salivary gland
Produces saliva, contains enzymes for initial digestion.
4. Esophagus
Muscular tube, transports food from mouth to stomach.
5. Stomach
Digestive organ, mixes and churns food with gastric juices.
aty-
tongsI
Function/Notes
salivary
gland
-
rophagus
Liver
I
-
stomach
-
/
-
spleen
pancreas
Duodenum
-transverse
6. Duodenum
First part of the small intestine, receives stomach contents.
colon
Asrending
· olon
Jejunum
Heum
-
X
-
Rertum
-
desrending
~ olon
igmoid
volon
7. Jejunum
Middle part of small intestine, absorbs nutrients from chyme.
8. Stomach
Digestive organ, mixes and churns food with gastric juices.
9. Ileum
Final part of the small intestine, absorbs nutrients and water.
longert
Anus
10. Colon:
-Ascending
-Transverse
-Descending
-Sigmoid
11. Rectum
Ascends on the right side of the abdomen.
Travels horizontally across the upper abdomen.
Descends on the left side of the abdomen.
S-shaped, connects descending colon to rectum.
Last portion of the large intestine, stores feces before elimination.
External opening, expels feces during defecation.
Digestive system
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
Part
13. Liver
14. Gall bladder
ciror
15. Pancreas
I
~ploon
-panereas
Gall
bladder
ileveral I
saesum
vermiform
Appendix
-
-
haustrum
601i
Function/Notes
Largest gland, involved in metabolism, detoxification,
and bile production for digestion.
Small organ, stores and concentrates bile,
released into the duodenum.
Dual function gland, produces digestive enzymes
and hormones like insulin.
16. Vermiform
appendix
Small, finger-like extension of the cecum,
part of the immune system.
17. Caecum
Pouch-like structure, beginning of the large intestine,
receives undigested material from the small intestine.
18. Ileo-cecal valve
Valve between ileum and cecum,
regulates flow of material from small to large intestine.
19. Tania coli
Longitudinal bands of muscle, aid in
propelling contents through the colon.
Loading…
value
taniq
ID on
model:
Y/N
muscle
around
large
intertine
Digestive system
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
Part
/ivonpladder
-
/
· Oli
greater
omentum
naowas
intestine
I
sasum
(inside)
Stores and concentrates bile, released during digestion.
↑
intestine
lleoreral
value
(inside)
Function/Notes
Large organ, metabolic processes, detoxification,
bile production.
1. Liver
2. Gall bladder
taenia
large
stomach
ID
on
mod
el:
Y/N
Fatty tissue, covers abdominal organs, immune functions.
3. Greater omentum
4. Vermiform appendix
5. Caecum
Separates small and large intestines,
regulates material flow.
the
7. Taenia coli
murde
band
ofthe
colon
Muscular bands in the colon, aid in peristalsis.
poucher
on
large
intertine
Pouches in the colon, facilitate food propulsion and absorption.
9. Large intestine
Absorbs water, forms feces, prepares for elimination.
10. Small intestine
11. Stomach
NO
Pouch-like beginning of the large intestine, receives chyme.
6. Ileo-cecal valve
8. Haustrum
Small, immune organ, part of the cecum.
Digests and absorbs nutrients from chyme.
Digestive organ, mixes and churns food with gastric juices.
Teeth
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
Part
enamel
-
ow n
dentin
Gum
/
periodontal
ligament
pulD
iron
moya.porine
ID on Function/Notes
model:
Y/N
1. Incisors
1,2
Front teeth, used for cutting and biting food.
2. Canines
3
Pointed teeth, tearing and gripping food.
3. Premolars
4,5
ravity
rementum
4. Molars
-
-
-
mahal
apiral
Foramen
Roof
Large, flat teeth, grinding and crushing food.
6,7,8
Loading…
5. Crown
17
6. Root
18
7. Enamel
19
8. Dentin
Flat-topped teeth, chewing and grinding.
Visible part of tooth above the gum line.
Part of tooth below the gum line, anchors tooth.
Hard, outer layer of the tooth crown.
Dense, bonelike tissue beneath the enamel.
20
9. Root canal
10. Cementum
Hollow space within the tooth root, contains pulp.
Hard connective tissue covering the tooth root.
23
11. Periodontal ligament
12. Pulp cavity
13. Gum
14. Apical foramen
Fibrous tissue, anchors tooth in the socket.
Central chamber within the tooth, contains nerves and blood vessels.
21
Soft tissue surrounding the teeth and covering the jawbone.
25
24
Opening
at the tip of the tooth root, allows nerve and blood supply.
Teeth
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
molar
Part
1. Incisors
premolar
2. Canine
3. Premolar
4. Molar
ranine
1
-
W
in visor
-
-
rown
Roof
ID on
model
: Y/N
Function/Notes
Front teeth, used for cutting and biting food.
~ utting
Pointed teeth, tearing and gripping food.
grab
something
Flat-topped teeth, chewing and grinding.
213
Root
2:upper
flat teeth, grinding and crushing food.
molar
Digestive system
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
Part
~P
ID on
model
: Y/N
arotid
gland
sublingual
I gland
~submandibular
gland
1. Parotid gland
-
Large salivary gland, secretes saliva into the mouth.
2. Submandibular gland
3. Sublingual gland
liver
4. Liver
Stomach
panaroar
-
Salivary gland, located beneath the mandible, produces saliva.
Salivary gland, beneath the tongue, releases saliva.
-
~
5. Stomach
Function/Notes
Vital organ, detoxification, metabolism, bile production for digestion.
-
6. Pancreas
Digestive organ, churns and breaks down food with gastric juices.
~
Dual function gland, produces digestive enzymes and hormones like
-
7. Duodenum
8. Plicae circulares
aressory
panereatio
-
plisce
-
head
-
sirrulares
Grodenum
9. Pancreas:
- Head
- Body
- Tail
pranswear
body
panereatic
First part of the small intestine, receives stomach contents for
digestion.
Spiral
-
or
circular
amplify
folds
organs
surface
a re a
Circular folds in the small intestine, increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
e
Head: Part of the pancreas, adjacent to the duodenum.
Body: Main section of the pancreas, located behind the stomach.
Tail: The end part of the pancreas, extends toward the spleen.
duct
tail
10. Main pancreatic duct
11. Accessory duct
~
Duct that carries pancreatic enzymes to the duodenum.
u
Secondary duct in the pancreas, releases digestive enzymes.
~
Gall bladder: Small organ, stores and concentrates bile, released during digestion.
Digestive system
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
Part
ID on
model
: Y/N
13. Cystic duct
~
Connects gall bladder to common bile duct.
14. Common hepatic duct
15. Common bile duct
M
dystic
17. Sphincter of Oddi
ommi
-
durt
nereatio
18. Portal triad
·
/
durt
jejunum
19. Jejunum
orphine
er
/
sphinator
oddi
of
&no
ato-p anereativ
ampulla
~
~
Carries bile from liver to common bile duct.
~
16. Hepatopancreatic ampulla
durt
triad
portal)_common
nepatic
Function/Notes
~
Carries bile from liver and gall bladder to duodenum.
~
Common channel for bile and pancreatic ducts.
Regulates bile and pancreatic juice flow into duodenum.
~
Hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct cluster.
Middle part of small intestine, nutrient absorption site.
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
Stomach
Part
ID on
model
: Y/N
esophagus
-longitudinal
/
rironlari.......
!
Fondur
Anfrum
oblial
-
/
body
layer
I
cardia
Sphinator
pylovie
Sphincter
1. Fondus Upper part of the stomach, stores and churns food before digestion begins in the body of the stomach.
2. Body
3. Antrum
-
-
-
Rugae
Function/Notes
Main central region of the stomach, mixes and grinds food with gastric juices, forming chyme.
Lower part of the stomach, regulates the release of chyme into the small intestine.
4. Muscularis externa:
-Circular layer
-Longitudinal layer
-Oblique layer
5. Cardiac sphincter
Circular layer: Inner muscle fibers encircle the stomach,
aiding in mixing and grinding food.
Longitudinal layer: Outer muscle fibers run parallel
to the stomach's length, supporting contractions.
Oblique layer: Diagonal muscle fibers facilitate
churning and mixing of gastric contents.
connection
between
esophagus
stomach
Ring-like muscle at the junction of the esophagus and stomach,
prevents reflux of stomach contents.
connection
between
stomach,small
intertine
6. Pyloric sphincter
Muscle valve at the end of the stomach, controls the flow of
chyme into the small intestine.
7. Rugae
Folds in the stomach lining, allow expansion of the
stomach to accommodate ingested food.
8. Esophagus
Muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach,
propels food to the stomach by peristalsis.
gartric gland
Gastric
juice: arid;breakdown
provides
expansion
of
stomach
Live
r
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
W
Part
Robe
LT
Lobe
-
Faleiform
ligament
1. Left lobe of liver
caraat
/I
Quadrate
lobe
ligamentum
feres ofliver
RT
bladder
Larger part on the left side, houses hepatic structures.
Larger part on the right side, contains hepatic structures.
3. Caudate lobe of liver
Posterior part, adjacent to the inferior vena cava.
5. Gall bladder
I
Gall
Function/Notes
2. Right lobe of liver
4. Quadrate lobe of liver
e
ID on
model
: Y/N
Anterior part, near gall bladder and ligaments.
·on
centrationofbin
of
lipidset
Small organ, stores and concentrates bile for digestion.
6. Ligamentum teres of liver
Remnant of fetal umbilical vein, runs within falciform ligament.
7. Falciform ligament
Connective tissue, separates left and right liver lobes.
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
Liver
histology
lobule
Part
it
-central
venule
sig,
hepatocyte
-
ID on
model
: Y/N
1. Portal triad
2. Lobule
Function/Notes
~
Clusters of hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct.
~
Functional unit, hexagonal liver structure with central venule.
3. Central venule
~
4. Hepatic portal venule
Small vein at the center of liver lobules.
Carries nutrient-rich blood from gastrointestinal tract.
Loading…
5. Hepatic arteriole proper
Supplies oxygenated blood to liver tissue.
6. Hepatic sinusoid
Capillary-like blood vessels in the liver lobules.
7. Bile duct
-
Conducts bile from liver to gall bladder or duodenum.
8. Bile canaliculi
Tiny channels between hepatocytes, transport bile.
9. Hepatocyte
Liver cell, performs various metabolic functions in the liver.
e
10. Kupffer cell
e
Liver-resident macrophages, remove debris and foreign particles.
GI
tract
la steal
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
Part
mucosa
ID on
model
: Y/N
-1
-villi
un
muscular
murosa
I
p eye r
patch
-
intestinal
crypt
Grubenurora
jaursvlarin
externa
Iverrora
1. Mucosa
Inner lining, epithelium and glands, absorption, secretion, protection.
2. Submucosa
Supportive layer, blood vessels, lymphatics, nourishes mucosa.
3. Muscularis mucosae
4. Muscularis externa:
-Circular layer
-Longitudinal layer
5. Serosa
6. Villi
Function/Notes
Thin muscle, mucosal folding, enhances nutrient absorption.
Circular layer: Inner muscle, narrows lumen, controls mixing and segmentation.
Longitudinal layer: Outer muscle, shortens tube, propels materials forward.
Outermost layer, secretes serous fluid, reduces friction, covers organs.
Finger-like projections in small intestine, increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
7. Mucosa associated
Immune defense, protects against pathogens in mucosal lining.
lymphoid tissue
8. Submucosal gland Gland in submucosa, secretes digestive enzymes, buffers.
9. Lacteal
10. Myenteric plexus
11. Intestinal crypt
Lymphatic vessel in villi, absorbs dietary fats in the small intestine.
Nervous network, between muscle layers, controls gastrointestinal motility.
have
sells
that
secrete/produce
hormones
Tubular invagination in mucosa, contains stem cells for cell renewal.
Complete the activity below with the Lab models on picture
GI
tract
of
epithelium
-more
submurora
erophagus
-
lamina
Part
ID on
model
: Y/N
propia
&
muroaie
-villi
Stomach
muscolaris
= >
-
small
intestine
-
large
externa
longitudal
-
dircular
ser of a
1. Mucosa
Function/Notes
Innermost layer, epithelium and glands, absorption, secretion, protection.
intestine
2. Submucosa
Supportive layer, blood vessels, lymphatics, nourishes mucosa.
3. Muscularis mucosae
4. Muscularis externa:
-Circular layer
-Longitudinal layer
5. Serosa/aventizia
Thin muscle, enhances mucosal folding, promotes nutrient absorption.
Circular layer: Inner muscle, narrows lumen, controls mixing and segmentation.
Longitudinal layer: Outer muscle, shortens tube, propels materials forward.
Outermost layer, serosa in covered organs, adventitia in
retroperitoneal organs, reduces friction, covers organs.
6. Villi
Finger-like projections in small intestine, increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
7. Esophagus
Esophagus: Muscular tube, transports food from mouth to stomach.
8. Stomach
Digestive organ, churns and mixes food with gastric juices.
9. Small intestine
10. Large intestine
has
stratified
squamous
Absorbs nutrients and digested food, duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
Absorbs water, forms and stores feces, includes cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.
GI HISTOLOGY
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GI tract
histology
·
rophagus
~
Part
rophagus gartie
ID on
model
: Y/N
stomach
junction
transitions
small
intestine
Function/Notes
1. Mucosa
Innermost layer, epithelium and glands, absorption, secretion, protection.
2. Submucosa
Supportive layer, blood vessels, lymphatics, nourishes mucosa.
3. Muscularis mucosae
Thin muscle, enhances mucosal folding, promotes nutrient absorption.
4. Muscularis externa:
Smooth muscle, circular and longitudinal layers, peristalsis and mixing.
Outermost layer, serosa in covered organs, adventitia in retroperitoneal organs, reduces friction, covers organs.
5. Serosa/aventizia
-villi
gastrie
jenunum
gland
-
illeum
I
duodenum
I
Stomach-interfinal
6. Esophagus
Muscular tube, transports food from mouth to stomach.
7. Stomach
Digestive organ, churns and mixes food with gastric juices.
i villi
8. Small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Duodenum:
; look
longest
;
intestine
intertial
peyer
(easy
to
identify)
Finger-like
junction
large
villi
i have
-
patch
peyer
patch
rypt
for
glands
rub-murora
villin o
;no glands;peyer's
in
glands
glands/fow
patcher
9. Large intestine
10. Gastroesophageal junction
volon
illuem
11. Gastrointestinal junction
C-shaped, 25-30 cm long.
Brunner's glands, neutralizes chyme.
First part, major digestion site.
Jejunum:
Middle segment, 2.5 meters long.
Highly vascular, reddish appearance.
Primary nutrient absorption site, abundant villi.
Ileum:
Last segment, 3.5 meters long.
Peyer's patches, immune function.
Reabsorbs bile salts, paler appearance, connects to large intestine.
Absorbs water, forms and stores feces,
includes cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.
Area where the esophagus meets the stomach,
controlled by the lower esophageal sphincter.
General term for locations where different parts of the
digestive system connect, e.g., esophagus-stomach,
small intestine-large intestine.
Complete the activity below with the picture
GI tract
histology
B
Identify:
A_____________
_
B______________
A
1.
Identify slide above:
______________________________________
erophagur/stomach
2.
junction
Distinguishing characteristics:
______________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Complete the activity below with the picture
GI tract
histology
A
B
Identify:
A___________
_
B____________
C____________
D___________
_
E____________
F____________
C
D
E
F
1.
Identify slide above:
______________________________________
Stomash/duodenal
2.
junction
Distinguishing characteristics:
______________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Complete the activity below with the picture
GI tract
histology
B
A
C
1.
Identify slide above:
______________________________________
2.
Distinguishing characteristics:
______________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Complete the activity below with the picture
GI tract
histology
1.
Identify slide above:
______________________________________
duodenum
2.
Distinguishing characteristics:
______________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Complete the activity below with the picture
GI tract
histology
payers
patch
A
1.
Identify slide above:
______________________________________
illuem
2.
Distinguishing characteristics:
______________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Complete the activity below with the picture
GI tract
histology
1.
Identify slide above:
______________________________________
illeum
2.
Distinguishing characteristics:
______________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Complete the activity below with the picture
GI tract
histology
-entral
voin
lobule
A
B
C
central
voin
1.
sinusoid
Identify slide above:
______________________________________
Liver
2.
Distinguishing characteristics:
______________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
GI tract
histology
Complete the activity below with the picture
A
B
1.
Identify slide above:
______________________________________
paniroa
2.
Distinguishing characteristics:
______________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
GI tract
histology
Complete the activity below with the picture
A
B
1.
Identify slide above:
______________________________________
panerear
2.
Distinguishing characteristics:
______________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________