CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING COMPUTER SYSTEMS
LESSON 1A: EXPLORING COMPUTERS AND THEIR USES
OVERVIEW: COMPUTERS IN OUR WORLD
1 THE COMPUTER DEFINED
2 COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USERS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
WORKSTATIONS
NOTEBOOK COMPUTERS
TABLET COMPUTERS
HANDHELD COMPUTERS
SMART PHONES
3 COMPUTER FOR ORGANIZATIONS
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
MINI COMPUTERS
SUPER COMPUTERS
NETWORK SERVER
4 COMPUTER FOR SOCIETY
5 WHY ARE COMPUTER SO IMPORTANT?
5.1 HOME
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
COMMUNICATIONS
BUISNESS WORK DONE AT HOME
SCHOOL WORK
ENTERTAINMENT
FINANCES
5.2 EDUCATION
5.3 SMALL BUISNESS
5.4 INDUSTRY
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
DESIGN
SHIPPING
PROCESS CONTROL
5.5 GOVERNMENT
5.5.1
5.5.2
5.5.3
5.5.4
POPULATION
TAXES
MILITARY
POLICE
5.6 HEALTH CARE
LESSON1B: LOOKING INSIDE THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
OVERVIEW: DISSECTING THE ULTIMATE MACHINE
THE PARTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
DATA
USERS
2 THE INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
INPUT
PROCESSING
OUTPUT
STORAGE
3 ESSENTIAL COMPUTER HARDWARE
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
PROCESSOR
MEMORY
INPUT AND OUTPUT
STORAGE
4 PROCESSING DEVICES
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
PROCESSOR
MOTHER BOARD
CIRCUIT BOARD
CPU
5 MEMORY DEVICES
5.1 RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
5.2 READ-ONLY MEMORY
6 INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
TRACKBALL AND TOUCHPAD
JOYSTICK
SCANNER
DIGITAL CAMERA
7 SOFTWARE BRINGS THE MACHINE TO LIFE
7.1 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.1.3
AN OPERATING SYSTEM
NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM
UTILITY
7.2 APPLICATION SOFTWARE
8 STORAGE DEVICES
9 MEGNATIC STORAGE
10 OPTICAL STORAGE
11 COMPUTER DATA
12 COMPUTER USER
13 THE USER ROLE
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
SETTING UP THE SYSTEM
INSTALLING SOFTWARE
RUNNING PROGRAM
MANAGING FILES
MAINTAINING THE SYSTEM
14 USELESS COMPUTER
CHAPTER 2: INTERACTING WITH YOUR COMPUTER
LESSON 2A: USING THE KEYBOARD AND MOUSE
1 THE KEYBOARD
2 THE STANDARD KEYBOARD LAYOUT
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
THE ALPHANUMERIC KEYS
THE MODIFIER KEYS
THE NUMERIC KEYPAD
THE FUNCTION KEYS
THE CURSOR-MOVEMENT KEYS
SPECIAL-PURPOSE KEYS
2.6.1
2.6.2
START KEY
SHORTCUT KEY
3 HOW TO COMPUTER ACCEPT OUTPUT FROM COMPUTER
4 THE MOUSE
5 USING THE MOUSE
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
CLICKING
DOUBLE CLICKING
DRAGGING
RIGHT CLICKING
6 MOUSE BUTTON CONFIGURATIONS
7 VARIANT OF THE MOUSE
7.1 TRACKBALLS
7.2 TRACKPAD
7.3 POINTERS IN THE KEYBOARD
8 ERGONOMICS AND INPUT DEVICES
9 REPETITIVE STRESS INJURIES
LESSON 2B: INPUTTING DATA IN OTHER WAYS
OVERVIEW: OPTIONS FOR EVERY NEED AND PREFRENCE
1 DEVICE FOR THE HAND
1.1 PENS
1.2 TOUCH SCREEN
1.3 GAME CONTROLLERS
2 OPTICAL INPUT DEVICES
2.1 BAR CODE READER
2.2 IMAGE SCANNER AND OPTICAN CHARACTER RECOGNISATION(OCR)
3 AUDIOVISUAL INPUT DEVICES
3.1 MICROPHONES
4 OTHER TYPE OF AUDIO INPUT
4.1 VIDEO INPUT
4.2 DIGITAL CAMERAS
CHAPTER 3: SEEING, HEARING AND PRINTING DATA
LESSON 3A: VIDEO AND SOUND
OVERVIEW: REACHING OUR SENSES WITH SIGHT AND SOUND
1 MONITOR
1.1 CRT MONITORS
1.2 FLAT PANEL MONITORS
2 OTHER TYPES OF MONITORS
2.1 PAPER-WHITE DISPLAYS
2.2 ELECTROLUMINSCENT DISPLAYS
2.3 PLASMA DISPLAYS
3 COMPARING MONITORS
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
SIZE
RESOLUTION
REFRESH RATE
DOT PICHS
4 VIDEO CARDS
5 ERGONOMICS AND MONITORS
5.1 EYESTRAIN
5.2 ELECTROMEGNATIC FIELD
6 DATA PROJECTORS
7 SOUND SYSTEMS
7.1 SOUND CARDS
7.2 HEADPHONES AND HANDSETS
LESSON 3B: PRINTING
OVERVIEW: PUTTING DIGITAL CONTENT IN YOUR HANDS
1 COMMONLY USED PRINTER
1.1 DOT MATRIX PRINTERS
1.1.1
1.1.2
LINE PRINTER
BAND PRINTERS
1.2 INKJET PRINTERS
1.3 LASER PRINTERS
2 COMPARING PRINTERS
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
IMAGE QUALITY
SPEED
INITIAL COST
COST OF OPERATION
3 HIGH-QUALITY PRINTERS
3.1 PHOTO PRINTER
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
GETTING BASIC INFORMATION
POSITIONING A PRINTER
CLEANING A PRINTER
3.2 DYE-SUBLIMATION PRINTERS
3.3 PLOTTERS
3.4 THERMAL WAX PRINTER
3.4.1
3.4.2
DEALING WITH PAPER JAMS
MAINTING YOUR DRIVERS
CHAPTER 4: PROCESSING DATA
LESSON 4A: TRANSFORMING DATA INTO INFORMATION
1 HOW COMPUTER REPRESENT DATA
1.1 NUMBER SYSTEM
1.2 BIT AND BYTES
1.3 TEXT CODES
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
EBCDIC
ASCII
EXTENDED ASCII
UNICODE
2
3
4
5
6
HOW COMPUTERS PROCESS DATA
THE CPU
THE CONTROL UNIT
THE ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT
MACHINE CYCLES
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
FETCHING
DECODING
EXECUTING
STORING
7 MEMORY
7.1 NOVOLATILE MEMORY
7.2 FLASH MEMORY
7.3 VOLATILE MEMORY
8 FACTOR AFFECTING PROCESS SPEED
9 REGISTERS
10 MEMORY AND COMPUTING POWER
11 THE COMPUTER INTERNAL CLOCK
12 THE BUS
12.1
12.2
12.3
THE DATA BUS
THE ADDRESS
BUS STANDARD
12.3.1
12.3.2
12.3.3
12.3.4
12.3.5
12.3.6
12.3.7
THE INDUSTRY STANDARD ARCHITECTURE
THE LOCAL BUS
THE PHERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT
THE ACCELERATED GRAPHIC PORT
THE UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS
IEEE 1394 (FREE WIRE)
THE PC CARD
13 CACHE MEMORY
LESSON 4B: MODERN CPUs
OVERVIEW: THE RACE FOR DESKTOP
1 A LOOK INSIDE THE PROCESSOR
2 MICROCOMPUTER PROCESSOR
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
INTEL PROCESSER
ADVANCED MICRO PROCESSOR
FREESCALE PROCESSORS
IBM PROCESSORS
3 COMPARING PROCESSORS
4 RISC PROCESSOR
5 PARALLEL PROCESSING
EXTENDING THE PROCESSOR POWER TO OTHER DEVICES
6 STANDARD COMPUTER PORTS
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
MOUSE AND KEYBOARD PORTS
TWO USB PORTS
SERIAL PORTS
PARALLEL PORTS
AUDIO PORTS
NETWORK PORTS
MODEM PORTS
MONITOR PORTS
7 SERIAL AND PARALLEL PORTS
8 SPECIALIZED EXPENSION PORTS
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
SCSI
USB
IEE 1394
MUSICAL INTRUMENT DIGITAL INTERFACE
9 EXPENSION SLOTS AND BOARD
10 PC CARDS
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
ENTERPRISE HARDWARE SALES
SPECIALTY HARDWARE SALES
TELECOMMUNICATION SALES
SOFTWARE SALES
11 PLUG AND PLAYS
CHAPTER 5: STORING DATA
1
2
3
4
5
6
LESSON 5A: TYPE OF STORAGE DEVICES
CETEGORIZING STORAGE DEVICES
MEGNETIC STORAGE DEVICES
HOW DATA IS ORGANIZED ON A MEGNATIC DEVICES
TRACK AND SECTORS
HOW DATA IS STORED ON DESK
HOW THE OPERATING SYSTEM FINDS DATA ON A DESK
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
BOOT SECTOR
FILE ALLOCATION TABLE
ROOT FOLDER
DATA AREA
FILE ALLOCATION TABLE
FAT23
NEW TECHNOLOGY FILE SYSTEM
NTFS 5
HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILE SYSTEM
7 DISKETTES
8 HARD DISKS
9 REMOVABLE HIGH-CAPACITY MEGNATIC DISKS
9.1 HIGH-CAPACITY FLOPPY DISKS
9.2 HOT SWAPPABLE HARD DISKS
10 TAPE DRIVERS
11 KEEP YOUR BACKUP SALES
12 OPTICAL STORAGE DEVICES
12.1
12.2
CD-ROM
DVD ROM
13 RECORDABLE OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
CD-RECRDABLE
CD-REWRITEABLE
PHOTOCD
DVD-RECORDABLE
DVD-RAM
14 SOLID STATE STORAGE DEVICES
14.1
14.2
FLASH MEMORY
SMART CARD
LESSON 5B: MEASURING AND IMPROVING DRIVE PERFORMANCE
1 AVERAGE ACCESS TIME
2 DATA TRANSFER RATE
3 OPTIMIZING DISK PERFORMANCE
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
CLEANING UP UNNEEDED FILES
SCANNING DISK FOR ERROR
DEFRAGMENTING DISKS
FILE COMPRESSION
4
5
6
7
DRIVE -INTERFACE STANDARD
ENHANCED INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS
SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEM INTERFACE
USB AND FIREWIRE
7.1 PROGRAMMERS
7.2 NETWORK ADMINISTRATORS