Chapter 1 Overview
Understanding steps of the Scientific Method
 Makes an Observation
 Formulate a Hypothesis (educated guess)
 Design and carry out Experiment
 Interpret experiment Findings (accept, revise or discard hypothesis)
 Propose Scientific Theory
 Communicate to others
Theory
 Experimentally tested explanation of an observed behavior
 MUST predict results of future experiments
 MUST explain future observations
Laws
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Describes things that are consistently and can be reproduced
Can be used to predict what MIGHT happen in the future
DOES NOT describe WHY things happen
Energy and Matter
 Energy is the ability to do work and to transfer heat
 Forms of Energy: Potential (stored energy) and Kinetic (in motion)
 Matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space (volume)
 3 States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas
 Solid fixed shape and fixed volume, particles tightly packed
 Liquid takes the shape of the container but fixed volume, space particles
 Gas takes the shape and volume of the container; particles spread out
 Matter can be classified as Pure Substance (element or compound) or Mixture (2 or more different
substances not chemically bonded together, hetero- or homo- geneous)
 Matter can change states with a change in energy.
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Physical Properties of Matter: properties that can be determined without changing the chemical
composition of matter (melting point, color, physical state, Odor
Chemical Changes: changes the composition of matter (i.e. new matter is formed)
Forms of Energy: Potential (stored energy) and Kinetic (in motion)