Physics revision for the Midterm Assessment
Lessons included in the exam:
1- Temperature and thermal equilibrium.
2- Defining Heat.
3- Changes in temperature and phase.
It’s Essential for all Grade 10 students to read and revise the
Uploaded PowerPoint lessons on Google Classroom
Note: The Answer to the revision Questions can be found at the end of
this Revision sheet.
Mr. Abdelfattah M. Ghonem
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
1. Temperature and Thermal
Equilibrium
• Relate temperature to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules.
•
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
Higher temperature means the particles are moving faster.
• Describe the changes in temperatures of two objects reaching thermal equilibrium.
•
When two objects at different temperatures are placed in contact, heat energy flows
from the hotter object to the cooler one until they both reach the same temperature
(thermal equilibrium).
2. Defining Heat
Objectives:
•
Explain heat as the energy transferred between substances that are at different
temperatures.
o Heat is energy transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one, and it
continues until thermal equilibrium is reached.
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
•
•
Relate heat and temperature change on the macroscopic level to particle motion on
the microscopic level.
o On a macroscopic level, heat causes temperature changes. On a microscopic
level, heat energy increases the motion of particles.
Apply the principles of energy conservation to calculate changes in potential,
kinetic, and internal energy.
o
The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed,
only transferred. When heat is transferred, the energy can change forms, e.g., from kinetic
energy of particles to thermal energy.
3. Changes in Temperature and
Phase
Objectives:
1. Perform calculations with specific heat capacity.
o Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature
of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C. The formula is:
Q=mcΔT
where Q is heat energy (J), m is mass (kg), c is specific heat capacity
(J/kg°C), and ΔT is the temperature change (°C).
o
2. Interpret the various sections of a heating curve.
3.
o A heating curve shows how temperature changes over time as heat is added
to a substance. The key phases are:
▪ Solid → Liquid: Melting point.
▪ Liquid → Gas: Boiling point.
▪ During phase changes, temperature remains constant while the
substance absorbs or releases heat (latent heat).
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
Midterm Revision Questions
The Revision includes:
10 multiple choice questions, 10 short answer questions, 15 Fill in the blanks questions,
and 5 solving problems questions divided into sections for each topic.
A. Multiple Choice Questions (15 Questions)
Multiple Choice Questions (10)
1. Which of the following describes the relationship between temperature and
kinetic energy?
a) Temperature is inversely proportional to the kinetic energy.
b) Temperature has no relation to kinetic energy.
c) Temperature is directly proportional to the kinetic energy.
d) Kinetic energy increases as temperature decreases.
2. If two objects of different temperatures are placed in contact, what will
happen?
a) The hotter object will cool down until both objects are at the same temperature.
b) The cooler object will warm up until both objects are at the same temperature.
c) Heat will transfer from the cooler object to the hotter object.
d) Heat will transfer from both objects to the surrounding air.
3. What is the freezing point of water in Kelvin?
a) 273 K
b) 0 K
c) 32 K
d) 0°C
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
4. Which of the following is true about heat transfer?
a) Heat always flows from a cooler object to a warmer one.
b) Heat always flows from a warmer object to a cooler one.
c) Heat does not transfer between objects at different temperatures.
d) Heat transfer is independent of temperature difference.
5. Which of the following is the correct formula for converting Celsius to
Fahrenheit?
a) F=C+32
b) F=59C+32
c) F=95C+32
d) F=C×9
6. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance
by 1°C is called its:
a) Heat capacity
b) Specific heat capacity
c) Thermal energy
d) Latent heat
7. During a phase change from liquid to gas, the temperature:
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains constant
d) Becomes zero
8. What is the unit of heat energy in the SI system?
a) Joule (J)
b) Watt (W)
c) Calorie (cal)
d) Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
9. Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating heat energy
change?
a) Q = m c ΔT
b) Q = m g h
c) Q = 12mv2
d) Q = ΔU+ΔK
10.In a heating curve, the temperature of a substance remains constant during
which phase changes?
a) Solid to liquid and liquid to gas
b) Solid to liquid only
c) Liquid to gas only
d) None of the above
B. Short Answer Questions (10 Questions)
• How does temperature affect the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance?
• What happens when two objects at different temperatures come into contact?
• Convert 100°C to Kelvin.
• How does the principle of energy conservation apply when heat is transferred between
two objects?
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
• What is the difference between heat and temperature?
• How can we calculate the amount of heat required to change the temperature of an
object?
• Describe the motion of particles during a phase change from solid to liquid.
• What is latent heat and how is it related to phase changes?
• Explain the significance of specific heat capacity in temperature changes.
• How would the temperature change if a metal with high specific heat capacity and a
metal with low specific heat capacity are heated with the same amount of energy?
C. Fill in the Blank Questions (15 Questions)
• The temperature of a substance is a measure of the __________ energy of its particles.
• The process of heat transfer between objects at different temperatures is called
__________.
• The unit of specific heat capacity is __________.
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
• In the Kelvin scale, the freezing point of water is __________ K.
• The specific heat capacity of water is __________ J/kg°C.
• Heat energy always flows from the __________ object to the __________ object.
• The formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit is __________.
• During the melting phase, the temperature __________, but the substance absorbs heat.
• The energy required to change the temperature of a substance is given by the equation
__________.
• In a heating curve, the temperature remains constant during __________ and
__________.
• __________ is the energy required to change the phase of a substance without changing
its temperature.
• The relationship between heat and temperature change is described by the equation
__________.
• The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is called the
__________.
• The principle of __________ states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
• The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C is known as
__________.
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
D. Problem Solving Questions
• A 500 g block of aluminum is heated from 20°C to 100°C. If the specific heat capacity
of aluminum is 900 J/kg°C, calculate the amount of heat energy required.
• A substance has a specific heat capacity of 2.5 J/g°C. How much heat energy is
required to raise the temperature of 150 g of the substance from 10°C to 50°C?
• Convert 72°F to Celsius.
• A 2 kg piece of iron absorbs 4000 J of heat. If the specific heat capacity of iron is 450
J/kg°C, what is the temperature change?
• If 1000 J of heat is added to a 200 g sample of water at 25°C, what will be the final
temperature? (Specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C)
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
Model Answers
Multiple Choice Questions (Answers)
1. c) Temperature is directly proportional to the kinetic energy.
2. a) The hotter object will cool down until both objects are at the same
temperature.
3. a) 273 K
4. b) Heat always flows from a warmer object to a cooler one.
5. c) F=95C+32
6. b) Specific heat capacity
7. c) Remains constant
8. a) Joule (J)
9. a) Q=mcΔT
10.a) Solid to liquid and liquid to gas
Short Answer Questions (Answers)
1. How does temperature affect the average kinetic energy of particles in a
substance?
o Temperature is directly related to the average kinetic energy of the particles
in a substance. As the temperature increases, the particles move faster and
have more kinetic energy.
2. What happens when two objects at different temperatures come into contact?
o Heat will flow from the hotter object to the cooler object until they reach
thermal equilibrium, meaning they will both be at the same temperature.
3. Convert 100°C to Kelvin.
o K=100+273.15=373.15 K
4. How does the principle of energy conservation apply when heat is transferred
between two objects?
o The total energy remains constant, but energy is transferred from the hotter
object to the cooler object. The heat lost by the hotter object equals the heat
gained by the cooler object, assuming no losses to the surroundings.
5. What is the difference between heat and temperature?
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
o
Heat is the energy transferred between substances due to a temperature
difference, while temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of
the particles in a substance.
6. How can we calculate the amount of heat required to change the temperature
of an object?
o The heat required can be calculated using the formula Q=mcΔT where m is
mass, ccc is specific heat capacity, and ΔT\Delta TΔT is the change in
temperature.
7. Describe the motion of particles during a phase change from solid to liquid.
o During the phase change from solid to liquid (melting), the particles gain
enough energy to overcome the forces holding them in a fixed position and
start moving more freely, transitioning from a rigid structure to a fluid state.
8. What is latent heat and how is it related to phase changes?
o Latent heat is the energy required to change the phase of a substance without
changing its temperature. It is involved in processes such as melting and
boiling, where heat is absorbed or released to overcome intermolecular
forces.
9. Explain the significance of specific heat capacity in temperature changes.
o Specific heat capacity determines how much energy is required to change
the temperature of a given mass of a substance. Substances with a high
specific heat capacity require more energy to increase their temperature
compared to those with a low specific heat capacity.
10.How would the temperature change if a metal with high specific heat capacity
and a metal with low specific heat capacity are heated with the same amount
of energy?
o The metal with a high specific heat capacity will experience a smaller
temperature change, while the metal with a low specific heat capacity will
experience a larger temperature change for the same amount of heat energy.
Fill in the Blank Questions (Answers)
1. The temperature of a substance is a measure of the kinetic energy of its particles.
2. The process of heat transfer between objects at different temperatures is called
heat transfer.
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
3. The unit of specific heat capacity is J/kg°C.
4. In the Kelvin scale, the freezing point of water is 273 K.
5. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C.
6. Heat energy always flows from the warmer object to the cooler object.
7. The formula for converting Celsius to Fahrenheit is F=95C+32
8. During the melting phase, the temperature remains constant, but the substance
absorbs heat.
9. The energy required to change the temperature of a substance is given by the
equation Q = mcΔT.
10.In a heating curve, the temperature remains constant during melting and boiling.
11.Latent heat is the energy required to change the phase of a substance without
changing its temperature.
12.The relationship between heat and temperature change is described by the equation
Q = mcΔT.
13.The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is called the
boiling point.
14.The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or
destroyed.
15.The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C is
known as specific heat capacity.
Problem Solving Questions (Answers)
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.
Value: Students show care and respect for themselves, others and the learning environment, and they interact positively
with other children from different backgrounds.