Turkey History Lesson By: Beatriz, Khadijah, Lívia, Luiza & Pamela Topics 01 History/Backstory 02 Culture/Religion 03 Politics 04 Past Events Backstory - Turkey history extends back thousands of years before the founding of the Turkish Republic; - Turks were originally a nomadic people from Central Asia; - They established several empires (including the Seljuk Empire & Ottoman Empire); - The Turkish Ottoman empire takes Constantinople in 1453 and became a dominant world power. Backstory - Turkish Ottoman lost territory starting in the 17th century; - Military reforms started in 18th century; - The empire collapsed at the end of the WWI; - The republic was proclaimed a republic in 1923; - Ataturk instituted sweeping reforms that would affect every part of Turkey society and politic. https://youtu.be/R5F26oNhYcU?si=a_uHVeXL4KdAYejF Culture and Religion Islam - Monotheistic Religion. - God is the lord of the universe. - Holy book for Muslims is the Quran -Muslims believe the prophets taught the same basic ideas, most importantly belief in one God. Culture - Turkish Cuisine. - Adaklik Kurban~ In the End of Ramadan Sacrifice an animal and Donate the meat to the poor. -Most of them will be wearing “smart casual arab clothes”. -Full of spices. -Business is in everywhere. Political aspects Ottoman Empire x Turkey - The millet system shows that clear boundaries between different social groups were important for Ottoman political control. - There were even Turkish Ottoman laws that specified the kinds of clothing that people in different communities could wear - Generally, bureaucrats, religious scholars, and military officials had the greatest social power - in return for military service, warriors were given land. - The rest of society made up the lowest class. It included merchants, farmers, herdsman, manufacturers, and seafarers. - Though they had the least official power, they powered the engine of the empire. They were the main producers of goods and revenues. - They supported the military, bureaucracy, and religious establishment. - Merit was often rewarded regardless of wealth, lineage, or social status. - the empire was a military state with a highly intricate bureaucracy - The sultan's slaves were janissaries, or young Christian boys of conquered Christian lands - highly trained, elite fighters that were at the heart of the Ottoman war machine - The Ottomans granted freedom of worship, particularly to Christians and Jews Turkey modern politics - The politics of Turkey operate within a constitutional republic and a presidential system. - The system includes various levels and branches of power, emphasizing a separation of powers. - Executive power is wielded by the President, who serves both as the head of state and head of government. (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) - The Council of Ministers, appointed and led by the President, exercises executive functions. Turkey modern politics • Founded in 2001, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has played a transformative role in Turkish politics. • Led by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who later became Turkey’s president, the AKP won a landslide victory in the 2002 elections, breaking the dominance of traditional political parties. • The AKP government implemented economic reforms, leading to substantial economic growth during its early years in power. Past Events -occupation of the Ottoman Empire by the Allies. -national movement. -Mustafa Kemal Pasha. -War of Independence. -The Treaty of Lausanne of July 24, 1923. ✨The end ✨
