Timeline of the Ottoman Empire Timur the Lame crushes the Ottomans in the Battle of Ankara and burns down Baghdad in Iraq The official founding of the Ottoman Empire by Osman I 1299 1361 Orham I declares himself sultan and in 1361 the Ottomans capture the city of Adrianople 1402 Salim the Grim defeated the Safavids of Persia at the Battle of Chaldiron. He captured the Holy Lands of Mecca and Madina as well as conquored Egypt 1453 Mehmet II managed to defeat the Byzantines and took control of the city of Constantinople. 1514 The Empire official ended and Turkey became a Republic. 1521 Suleyman captured Belgrade. He expands the Empire to its largest size. 1922