University of Languages and International Studies
FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION
------------------------------------
ENGLISH FOR CONTEMPORARY THEMES II
Final report – Group 1
First term, QH2023.F1.E7.NN5
Topic: Users preference: Private or public transportation in Hanoi? Solutions
for Hanoi transportation.
STUDENT LIST
STT
Student
code
Full name
Roles
Tasks
1
23040250
Tạ Hoàng Quang
Anh
Group
member
Analyzing information
Group
leader
2
23040621
Cáp Quang Sơn
3
23040755
Nguyễn Minh Vũ
4
23040273
Bùi Minh Châu
5
23040699
Lê Thị Minh Thư
Group
member
Group
member
Group
member
Hanoi, December 2023
1
Designing, censoring,
and analyzing
information.
Introduction, Information
gathering and analysing
Recommendations:
Solution 1
Recommendations:
Solution 2
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3
2. Methodology ....................................................................................................... 3
3. Results of the investigation. .............................................................................. 4
3.1.
Participants characteristic. ........... 4
3.2.
Comparison criteria: Time of travelling, cost of travelling, comfortability, and
convenience. .......................................... 5
3.3.
Quality of Service and Infrastructure in Public Transportation: Positive and
Negative Aspects. .................................. 6
3.4.
Overall ......................................... 8
4. Recommendations .............................................................................................. 8
4.1.
Solution 1: ................................... 8
4.2.
Solution 2: ................................... 9
5. Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 9
Appendix A: References ......................................................................................... 11
Appendix B: Survey questionnaire. ...................................................................... 12
Phần 1: Thông tin chung ...................... 12
Phần 2: Thảo luận chung: .................... 12
Phần 3: Về phương tiện cá nhân .......... 13
Phần 4: Về phương tiện công cộng...... 13
Appendix C: CHECKLIST FOR THE FINAL PACKAGE ............................... 15
Appendix D: Source Evaluation ............................................................................ 16
2
1. Introduction
In 2020, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue emphasized the pivotal role of transport
systems in supporting intricate economic and social interactions, underscoring their
significance as a societal component. Transport, he argued, mirrors a society’s
aspirations, embodying concepts such as accessibility and mobility that broaden its
horizons (Rodrigue, 2020). This assertion underscores the critical nature of an
efficient and well-organized transportation system in any given society.
In the specific context of Vietnam, the current state of transportation poses
significant challenges, as outlined by Duc Nguyen Huu & Van Nguyen Ngoc in 2021.
Four prominent issues have been identified: the overwhelming reliance on road
transportation, inadequate transport infrastructure, limitations in public transport, and
the prevalence of gasoline-powered motorcycles. Notably, in Hanoi, a city with a
population of 7,216,000 people, 5 million motorbikes, and 535,000 cars, motor
vehicles account for more than 70% of transportation methods. The sluggish pace of
infrastructure development, increasing by only 3% annually, coupled with a mere
0.25–0.3% rise in land area for transport, fails to keep pace with the substantial annual
traffic growth of 10.2% (Nguyen Huu & Nguyen Ngoc, 2021). Consequently, the
issue of traffic in Hanoi emerges as a pressing concern, warranting a comprehensive
study to identify effective and tailored solutions for improvement.
Therefore, this report aims to investigate the experiences of people using both
public and private transportation in Hanoi. The project will focus on some primary
objectives as follows: identifying the different types of public and private
transportation used by commuters, assessing the quality of these two types of
transportation, identifying the challenges, and developing recommendations for their
quality improvement. The regions chosen for the survey are Hanoi's inner city and
surrounding areas. A set of short questionnaires has been designed with the
respondents being citizens in such zones.
2. Methodology
The information for the topic was collected through an online survey. This
survey received 195 responses from November 5th to November 17th, 2023. The
3
demographic range spanned from 16 to 55 years old, with people aged 18-25
accounting for the largest portion. However, this project focused specifically on 79
respondents who are Hanoi residents, aligning with objectives of studying
transportation in the city. A three-step methodology was employed: questionnaire
design, data collection, and data analysis.
Before designing the questionnaire, rigorous research was undertaken to gain
in-depth knowledge of Hanoi's transportation landscape, including the distinct
characteristics of each transportation mode. This research involved consulting
academic studies and reports, accessed through Google Scholar and Google News.
From the foundation, a comprehensive set of criteria and questions were designed,
aimed at capturing the opinions and evaluations of Hanoi commuters (details in
appendix B).
After having collected sufficient data, divergent processing approaches were
employed for two distinct question types. For multiple-choice questions, a summary
and illustrations were presented through charts and graphs to facilitate further data
analysis. With short-answer questions, implementers filtered for respondent’s
evaluations about each type of transportation. Then, a meticulous examination was
undertaken to categorize valuable feedback and recommendations, which could be
used as hints for solutions and analytical purposes.
3. Results of the investigation.
3.1. Participants characteristic.
This online survey attracted 195 participants, of whom 79 were from Hanoi,
and approximately 95.5% of respondents were aged between 16 and 25. Strikingly,
73% of respondents have used private vehicles every day, while that percentage for
public ones was only 22.1%. These statistics intrigued us to find reasons why people,
particularly the young, tend to choose private transport over public alternatives.
4
3.2. Comparison
criteria:
Time
of
travelling,
cost
of
travelling,
comfortability, and convenience.
Figure 1:User evaluations of private and public
transportation cost.
Figure 2:User evaluations of private and public
transportation convenience.
Figure 3:User evaluations of private and public
transportation comfortability.
Figure 4:User evaluations of private and public
transportation (criterion: Time of travelling).
In this segment, participants were solicited for their evaluations concerning
public versus private transportation, elucidating their preferences. Assessments
were assigned numerical values on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 denoting the lowest
and 5 representing the highest. The tabulated results are depicted in Figures 1
through 4 and Figure 9.
Regarding the matter of travel costs, public transportation garnered a higher
rating at 3.79 in comparison to private alternatives, which held an average rating of
3.34. This discrepancy suggests a perceived cost-effectiveness associated with
public transport.
5
Subsequently, substantial differentials emerged in other categories, with
disparities in the range of 1 to 1.5 points for convenience, comfortability, and time
of travel attributed to both public and private modes, respectively.
The findings imply a prevailing preference for private vehicles, attributed not
only to the provision of personal space but also to the facilitation of direct
transportation to precise destinations, obviating the need for transfers inherent in
public transportation. Furthermore, the expeditious nature of private travel is
underscored, particularly in scenarios involving traffic congestion. Nevertheless, the
study recognizes public transport as a commendable mode of travel for those
seeking economical and environmentally sustainable options.
3.3. Quality of Service and Infrastructure in Public Transportation: Positive
and Negative Aspects.
In this section, participants were asked to evaluate public transportation based
on service and infrastructure on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being unacceptable and 5
indicating excellence. Then, they were asked to express their positive and negative
thoughts about these vehicles through three short phrases. The results were
demonstrated from Figure 5 to 8.
6
Figure 5: User evaluation of the public transportation
Figure 6: User evaluation of the public transportation
service.
infrastructure
Figure 7: User thoughts of the public transportation
Figure 8: Users thoughts of public transportation
service and infrastructure. (negative ones)
service and infrastructure. (positive ones)
According to the bar charts (figure 5 and 6), approximately half of respondents
rated 3 points, a medium score, for both service and infrastructure. However, a more
fluctuated trend could be seen in the service criterion, as the assessments ranged fully
from 1 to 5, in contrast to no responses for 1 and 5 points observed in infrastructure.
A paradox could be seen in figure 7 and 8 when asking about users’ opinions
about public transportation. While they satisfied with Wi-Fi service, accessibility,
staff behavior and hygiene of public transportation, there were some main issues with
these vehicles such as unavailable of seats, delay, time-consuming and behavior of
staff. Strikingly, there were some overlapping features between positive and negative
opinions such as behaviors and hygiene. These characteristics, along with the data in
figure 5 and 6, might indicate a significant disparity in service and infrastructure
among different routes.
7
3.4. Overall
Figure 9: User average evaluation towards private
and public transportation.
Figure 10: User preference: Public or Private transportation?
In general, the dominant age group in our survey was from 18 to 25. It is
surprising that 86% of participants chose private vehicles as their favorite means of
transport. While they might be satisfied with the cost of traveling by public
transport, people tended to show their preference towards private ones because of
commuting time, comfortability, and convenience. The lack of appeal could also be
seen in the Director of Hanoi Public Transport Management Center's speech: 'Buses
in Hanoi fulfilled only 18% of the demand for transport in 2022, while the target for
that year was 23%' (Nguyen, 2022). Therefore, multi-dimensional approaches
should be considered to attract commuters using public transportation, thus partly
enhancing Hanoi's transportation.
4. Recommendations
4.1. Solution 1:
To alleviate the severe traffic issues in Hanoi, Vietnam, caused by narrow
and low-quality roads with insufficient connections, a multifaceted approach is
necessary. A practical solution involves implementing a public bicycle system,
which would offer a sustainable and efficient alternative, reducing individual
reliance on personal vehicles. Studies in cities like Taipei (Youbike - 2009) and
Paris (2015 - 2020) have shown that public bicycle initiatives can significantly
decrease traffic congestion and carbon emissions.
8
Introducing elevated iron trains that connect major hubs can revolutionize
transportation. Similar systems in Tokyo have proven successful, providing swift
and reliable travel. For instance, predictions for Tokyo's elevated train system in
2030 suggest a 30% reduction in traffic-related emissions compared to the levels
recorded in 2000. (WWF, 2019)
To further enhance the flexible transportation landscape, variable buses with
ample seating capacity can adapt to varying demands. These buses, modeled after
successful systems in Curitiba (Brazil), and Seoul (South Korea), can efficiently
cater to diverse commuting needs.
4.2. Solution 2:
Leveraging technology applications can significantly mitigate traffic issues
in Hanoi, Vietnam. Introducing a "Finding Bus" application can streamline public
transportation by providing real-time bus schedules and accurate arrival times at
specific stops. Cities like Singapore (Idea Usher - 2022) have successfully
implemented similar apps, resulting in a notable reduction in commuter wait times
and increased overall satisfaction.
A crucial aspect of this solution involves researching and proposing
strategically located parking lots, including developing underground parking
facilities on public land and shared parking. Encouraging off-street parking
minimizes street congestion and promotes a more organized urban environment.
Exemplifying this strategy, Seoul has effectively implemented shared parking
(Seoul Metropolitan Government - 2019) to reduce on-street parking incidents and
improve traffic flow.
By implementing technology-driven solutions and rethinking parking
infrastructure, Hanoi can create an appealing public transportation system,
enhancing overall urban mobility and reducing traffic congestion.
5. Conclusion
In conclusion, this written report has successfully achieved our objectives,
which were to investigate the main issues with Hanoi traffic, understand commuters'
preferences for private and public transportation, and propose practical solutions to
9
alleviate the problem. Users tend to choose private transportation for its time
efficiency, convenience, and comfort. While public transportation may offer cost
advantages, additional measures are needed to make this mode of transportation
more appealing to commuters. A practical solution is to enhance transportation
flexibility by introducing public bicycle systems, elevated iron trains, and buses
with various ample seating capacity. It is also recommended to utilize technological
advancements and upgrade parking infrastructure to further improve the
transportation system in the capital.
10
Appendix A: References
1. D. R. Smith, W. Whitt. (1981). Bell System Technical Journal. Resource
Sharing for Efficiency in Traffic Systems, 1-5.
2. ĐCSVN. (2023, March 13). Để giao thông công cộng Hà Nội thực sự phát
triển. Retrieved from Báo Điện tử Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam:
https://dangcongsan.vn/cung-ban-luan/de-giao-thong-cong-cong-ha-noi-thucsu-phat-trien-632937.html
3. Johnson, R. (2022, August 9). Paris to become 100 percent cycling city.
Retrieved from MomentumMag: https://momentummag.com/paris-tobecome-100-percent-cycling-city/
4. Joseph Goodman, M. L. (2007). Curitiba Bus System is Model for Rapid
Transit. Retrieved from REIMAGINE!:
https://www.reimaginerpe.org/curitiba-bus-system
5. Lal, R. (n.d.). Bus App Development In Singapore – A Quick Guide.
Retrieved from Idea Usher: https://ideausher.com/blog/singapore-bus-app/
6. Seoul Metropolitan Government. (n.d.). Seoul Public Transportation Reform:
a Brand New Seoul. Seoul.
7. SMG. (2019, January 14). Seoul Residents Choose ”Parking” as No. 1
Anticipated Item of Sharing City Project “Ttareungi” Most Popular Policy.
Retrieved from Seoul Metropolitan Government:
https://english.seoul.go.kr/seoul-residents-choose-parking-as-no-1anticipated-item-of-sharing/
8. World Wildlife Fund. (2019, June 5). Tokyo – Getting around in the world’s
largest metropolis. Retrieved from WWF:
https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?348037/Tokyo-2019
9. YouBike. (n.d.). EBRD Green Cities Policy Tool. Retrieved from TAIPEI
BIKE SHARING SYSTEM ‒ YOUBIKE:
https://www.ebrdgreencities.com/policy-tool/taipei-bike-sharing-system%E2%80%92-youbike/
11
Appendix B: Survey questionnaire.
Phần 1: Thông tin chung
-
Tên của bạn là:
-
Gmail của bạn là:
-
Số điện thoại của bạn:
-
Tuổi của bạn là:
o A. <18
o B. 18-25
o C. 25-60
-
Giới tính của bạn là:
o Nam
o Nữ
o Khác
-
Nơi bạn sinh sống là:
o A. Ở nội thành (trong thành phố - Khu vực 3)
o B. Ở ngoại thành ( ở thị trấn, thị xã, ở ngoài trung tâm thành
phố,...- Khu vực 1, 2, 2NT,...)
Phần 2: Thảo luận chung:
Giải thích về phương tiện công cộng:
Theo quy định tại Khoản 1 Điều 2 Thông tư 39/2012/TT-BGTVT : Phương
tiện giao thông công cộng gồm: xe buýt, ô tô chở khách tuyến cố định, tàu bay chở
khách, tàu hỏa chở khách (gồm cả phương tiện đường sắt đô thị), tàu thủy chở
khách, phà chở khách.
-
Bạn thường đi bằng phương tiện nào hơn?
o A. Phương tiện công cộng (xe buýt, tàu điện,...)
o B. Phương tiện cá nhân (ô tô, xe máy,...)
-
Bạn thích đi bằng phương tiện nào hơn?
o A. Phương tiện công cộng (xe buýt, tàu điện,...)
o B. Phương tiện cá nhân (ô tô, xe máy,...)
-
Cảm nhận của bạn bằng BA TÍNH TỪ về phương tiện cá nhân là… ?
12
-
Cảm nhận của bạn bằng BA TÍNH TỪ về phương tiện công cộng là… ?
Phần 3: Về phương tiện cá nhân
-
Bạn sử dụng phương tiện cá nhân với tần suất…?
o Hằng ngày
o 3-4 lần/tuần
o 1-2 lần/tuần
o Hiếm khi
o Không bao giờ
-
Bạn hãy chấm điểm mức độ ảnh hưởng của tình trạng giao thông đến trải
nghiệm đi lại của bạn:
o 1. Hầu như là ảnh hưởng tiêu cực.
o 2. Ảnh hưởng tiêu cực vào những giờ tan tầm.
o 3. Hiếm khi ảnh hưởng tiêu cực (chỉ ảnh hưởng vào những ngày lễ
như 20/10).
o 4. Hầu như không ảnh hưởng tiêu cực (chỉ ảnh hưởng vào những
dịp lễ quan trọng như Tết,...).
o 5. Không ảnh hưởng.
-
Bạn thấy trải nghiệm của bạn về phương tiện cá nhân như thế nào? (với 1
là rất tệ, 3 là 5 là rất tốt).
o Tiêu chí: chi phí đi lại.
o Tiêu chí: Sự thoải mái.
o Tiêu chí: thời gian đi lại.
o Tiêu chí: công sức đi lại.
o Tiêu chí: sự tiện lợi.
-
(Dành cho các bạn thích đi phương tiện cá nhân hơn): Đâu là yếu tố
quyết định việc bạn thích di chuyển bằng phương tiện cá nhân hơn so với
phương tiện công cộng?
Phần 4: Về phương tiện công cộng
-
Bạn sử dụng phương tiện cá nhân với tần suất…?
o Hằng ngày
o 3-4 lần/tuần
13
o 1-2 lần/tuần
o Hiếm khi
o Không bao giờ
-
Bạn thấy trải nghiệm của bạn về phương tiện công cộng như thế nào
(theo các tiêu chí dưới đây)? (1 là rất tệ --> 3: ổn --> 5: rất tốt)
o Thời gian đi lại
o Chi phí đi lại
o Dịch vụ
o Sự tiện lợi
o Sự thoải mái
o Cơ sở vật chất
-
Bạn hãy sắp xếp các tiêu chí sau đây theo mức độ quan trọng (1 là quan
trọng nhất và 6 là kém quan trọng nhất):
o Sạch sẽ
o Nhanh
o An toàn
o Tài xế
o Giá
o Tiện lợi (bến xe buýt gần, nhiều tuyến xe,…)
-
Một số điểm bạn thấy hài lòng trong quá trình sử dụng phương tiện công
cộng là: ...
-
Một số điểm bạn thấy không hài lòng trong quá trình sử dụng phương
tiện công cộng là: ...
-
Bạn có thể đề xuất giúp tụi mình một số cách để giúp nước ta phát triển
về phương tiện công cộng được không nè?
14
Appendix C: CHECKLIST FOR THE FINAL PACKAGE
By group: 8
For group: 1
ORIGINAL ASSESSMENT: Checklist for group 1
YES NO
ORGANIZATION
1.
Is the report organized into sections: introduction, methodology,
results of the investigations, suggestions and conclusion?
X
2.
Are there enough headings and subheadings to help readers find their
way through the report, and are the headings in a clear hierarchy?
X
3.
Is the important information easy to find?
X
4.
Is there a cover page with essential information?
X
5.
Is there an appendix page with the interview questions, survey
X
questionnaire?
6.
Is there a reference page?
X
FIGURES AND TABLES
7.
Are the figures located wherever readers would find them easily
helpful or persuasive?
X
8.
Do all the figures and tables have numbers and captions?
X
9.
Are the figures and tables correctly labeled?
X
10.
Are the figures and tables explained or interpreted adequately?
X
11.
Do the figures look attractive and easy to read?
X
12.
Are all units in the figures and tables clearly indicated?
X
WRITING STYLE AND LANGUAGE USE
13.
Is it written throughout in appropriate style (i.e. no colloquialisms or
contractions, using an objective tone, specific rather than vague)?
X
14.
Is it jargon-free and clearly written?
X
15.
Are the results clear and concise
X
16.
Are the recommendations specific and measurable?
X
17.
Have all illustrations and figures taken from someone else’s work
been cited correctly?
X
18.
Has it been carefully proof-read to eliminate careless mistakes?
X
15
Appendix D: Source Evaluation
Link
https://www.ebrdgreencities.com/policy-tool/taipei-bike-sharing-system-%E2%80%92youbike/?fbclid=IwAR0lRP4ddLu-JDTEOZRZ4USaKeHxgWE9bBAP2ujMvraEUFQhbRKeqYrSws
Article
name
TAIPEI BIKE SHARING SYSTEM ‒ YOUBIKE
Evaluation questions
Currency
and
relevancy
Yes
No
1. Does the source show when it was first published or posted?
FALSE TRUE
2. Can you see if the information has been revised or updated?
TRUE FALSE
3. If an online source, are the links on the page functional?
TRUE FALSE
4. Does your topic require exclusively current information?
TRUE FALSE
5. Are there any indications that the source has been influential?
TRUE FALSE
6. Does the date of publication suggest the information is sufficiently
current for the topic?
FALSE TRUE
7. Can you clearly state the intended audience?
FALSE TRUE
8. Is the information written at an appropriate academic level?
TRUE FALSE
9. Is the name of the author, group, or editor responsible for creating the
work clearly displayed?
FALSE TRUE
10. Can you find or link to the author's credentials to ensure that the author
is not an anonymous entity and that the author is accountable for the
Authority material produced?
FALSE TRUE
11. Is there evidence that the source went through a review process?
TRUE FALSE
12. Is the publisher or organization reputable?
TRUE FALSE
13. Does the work appear to be carefully prepared?
TRUE FALSE
14. Does the work document the sources of the information it presents?
TRUE FALSE
15. Does the author provide references in an academic style?
TRUE FALSE
Accuracy 16. Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
and
Verifiability 17. Are there spelling, grammar or typographical errors?
18. Does the source appear to be well-researched and factual, and can you
follow the trail of information provided should you choose to do so?
TRUE FALSE
Purpose
FALSE TRUE
TRUE FALSE
19. Is the author's or publisher's contact information clearly listed?
TRUE FALSE
20. Can you find a mission statement or an explanation for why this work
was published?
TRUE FALSE
21. Does the source seem free of attempts to advertise or to sell a product?
TRUE FALSE
22. Does the source aim to serve an educational purpose that presents
information and interpretations objectively?
TRUE FALSE
23. Does the work avoid offering an opinion or attempts to persuade?
TRUE FALSE
24. Does the work avoid attempts to be funny or satirical?
TRUE FALSE
25. Does the work avoid attempts to entertain?
TRUE FALSE
Total:
19/25
16
Link
Paris to become 100 percent cycling city | Momentum Mag
Evaluation questions
Currency and
relevancy
Authority
Accuracy and
Verifiability
Purpose
Yes
No
1. Does the source show when it was first published or posted?
TRUE FALSE
2. Can you see if the information has been revised or updated?
FALSE TRUE
3. If an online source, are the links on the page functional?
TRUE FALSE
4. Does your topic require exclusively current information?
TRUE FALSE
5. Are there any indications that the source has been influential?
FALSE TRUE
6. Does the date of publication suggest the information is sufficiently
current for the topic?
TRUE FALSE
7. Can you clearly state the intended audience?
FALSE TRUE
8. Is the information written at an appropriate academic level?
TRUE FALSE
9. Is the name of the author, group, or editor responsible for creating
the work clearly displayed?
TRUE FALSE
10. Can you find or link to the author's credentials to ensure that the
author is not an anonymous entity and that the author is accountable
for the material produced?
TRUE FALSE
11. Is there evidence that the source went through a review process?
TRUE FALSE
12. Is the publisher or organization reputable?
TRUE FALSE
13. Does the work appear to be carefully prepared?
TRUE FALSE
14. Does the work document the sources of the information it
presents?
FALSE TRUE
15. Does the author provide references in an academic style?
FALSE TRUE
16. Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
TRUE FALSE
17. Are there spelling, grammar or typographical errors?
FALSE TRUE
18. Does the source appear to be well-researched and factual, and can
you follow the trail of information provided should you choose to do
so?
TRUE FALSE
19. Is the author's or publisher's contact information clearly listed?
FALSE TRUE
20. Can you find a mission statement or an explanation for why this
work was published?
TRUE FALSE
21. Does the source seem free of attempts to advertise or to sell a
product?
TRUE FALSE
22. Does the source aim to serve an educational purpose that presents
information and interpretations objectively?
TRUE FALSE
23. Does the work avoid offering an opinion or attempts to persuade?
FALSE TRUE
24. Does the work avoid attempts to be funny or satirical?
TRUE FALSE
25. Does the work avoid attempts to entertain?
FALSE TRUE
Total:
16/25
17
Link
Tokyo – Getting around in the world’s largest metropolis | WWF
Evaluation questions
Currency and
relevancy
Authority
Accuracy and
Verifiability
Purpose
Yes
No
1. Does the source show when it was first published or posted?
TRUE FALSE
2. Can you see if the information has been revised or updated?
FALSE TRUE
3. If an online source, are the links on the page functional?
TRUE FALSE
4. Does your topic require exclusively current information?
TRUE FALSE
5. Are there any indications that the source has been influential?
FALSE TRUE
6. Does the date of publication suggest the information is sufficiently
current for the topic?
TRUE FALSE
7. Can you clearly state the intended audience?
FALSE TRUE
8. Is the information written at an appropriate academic level?
TRUE FALSE
9. Is the name of the author, group, or editor responsible for creating
the work clearly displayed?
TRUE FALSE
10. Can you find or link to the author's credentials to ensure that the
author is not an anonymous entity and that the author is accountable
for the material produced?
FALSE TRUE
11. Is there evidence that the source went through a review process?
TRUE FALSE
12. Is the publisher or organization reputable?
TRUE FALSE
13. Does the work appear to be carefully prepared?
TRUE FALSE
14. Does the work document the sources of the information it
presents?
FALSE TRUE
15. Does the author provide references in an academic style?
TRUE FALSE
16. Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
TRUE FALSE
17. Are there spelling, grammar or typographical errors?
FALSE TRUE
18. Does the source appear to be well-researched and factual, and can
you follow the trail of information provided should you choose to do
so?
TRUE FALSE
19. Is the author's or publisher's contact information clearly listed?
FALSE TRUE
20. Can you find a mission statement or an explanation for why this
work was published?
TRUE FALSE
21. Does the source seem free of attempts to advertise or to sell a
product?
TRUE FALSE
22. Does the source aim to serve an educational purpose that presents
information and interpretations objectively?
TRUE FALSE
23. Does the work avoid offering an opinion or attempts to persuade?
TRUE FALSE
24. Does the work avoid attempts to be funny or satirical?
TRUE FALSE
25. Does the work avoid attempts to entertain?
TRUE FALSE
Total:
18/25
18
Link
Curitiba Bus System is Model for Rapid Transit | Reimagine!
Evaluation questions
Currency and
relevancy
Authority
Accuracy and
Verifiability
Purpose
No
1. Does the source show when it was first published or posted?
TRUE FALSE
2. Can you see if the information has been revised or updated?
FALSE TRUE
3. If an online source, are the links on the page functional?
TRUE FALSE
4. Does your topic require exclusively current information?
TRUE FALSE
5. Are there any indications that the source has been influential?
FALSE TRUE
6. Does the date of publication suggest the information is sufficiently
current for the topic?
TRUE FALSE
7. Can you clearly state the intended audience?
FALSE TRUE
8. Is the information written at an appropriate academic level?
TRUE FALSE
9. Is the name of the author, group, or editor responsible for creating
the work clearly displayed?
TRUE FALSE
10. Can you find or link to the author's credentials to ensure that the
author is not an anonymous entity and that the author is accountable
for the material produced?
FALSE TRUE
11. Is there evidence that the source went through a review process?
TRUE FALSE
12. Is the publisher or organization reputable?
TRUE FALSE
13. Does the work appear to be carefully prepared?
TRUE FALSE
14. Does the work document the sources of the information it
presents?
TRUE FALSE
15. Does the author provide references in an academic style?
TRUE FALSE
16. Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
TRUE FALSE
17. Are there spelling, grammar or typographical errors?
FALSE TRUE
18. Does the source appear to be well-researched and factual, and can
you follow the trail of information provided should you choose to do
so?
TRUE FALSE
19. Is the author's or publisher's contact information clearly listed?
TRUE FALSE
20. Can you find a mission statement or an explanation for why this
work was published?
TRUE FALSE
21. Does the source seem free of attempts to advertise or to sell a
product?
TRUE FALSE
22. Does the source aim to serve an educational purpose that presents
information and interpretations objectively?
TRUE FALSE
23. Does the work avoid offering an opinion or attempts to persuade?
TRUE FALSE
24. Does the work avoid attempts to be funny or satirical?
TRUE FALSE
25. Does the work avoid attempts to entertain?
TRUE FALSE
Total:
Link
Yes
20/25
Seoul’s New Public Transport System
Evaluation questions
19
Yes
No
Currency and
relevancy
Authority
Accuracy and
Verifiability
Purpose
1. Does the source show when it was first published or posted?
FALSE TRUE
2. Can you see if the information has been revised or updated?
FALSE TRUE
3. If an online source, are the links on the page functional?
TRUE FALSE
4. Does your topic require exclusively current information?
TRUE FALSE
5. Are there any indications that the source has been influential?
FALSE TRUE
6. Does the date of publication suggest the information is sufficiently
current for the topic?
TRUE FALSE
7. Can you clearly state the intended audience?
FALSE TRUE
8. Is the information written at an appropriate academic level?
TRUE FALSE
9. Is the name of the author, group, or editor responsible for creating
the work clearly displayed?
TRUE FALSE
10. Can you find or link to the author's credentials to ensure that the
author is not an anonymous entity and that the author is accountable
for the material produced?
FALSE TRUE
11. Is there evidence that the source went through a review process?
TRUE FALSE
12. Is the publisher or organization reputable?
TRUE FALSE
13. Does the work appear to be carefully prepared?
TRUE FALSE
14. Does the work document the sources of the information it
presents?
FALSE TRUE
15. Does the author provide references in an academic style?
FALSE TRUE
16. Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
TRUE FALSE
17. Are there spelling, grammar or typographical errors?
FALSE TRUE
18. Does the source appear to be well-researched and factual, and can
you follow the trail of information provided should you choose to do
so?
TRUE FALSE
19. Is the author's or publisher's contact information clearly listed?
FALSE TRUE
20. Can you find a mission statement or an explanation for why this
work was published?
TRUE FALSE
21. Does the source seem free of attempts to advertise or to sell a
product?
FALSE TRUE
22. Does the source aim to serve an educational purpose that presents
information and interpretations objectively?
TRUE FALSE
23. Does the work avoid offering an opinion or attempts to persuade?
TRUE FALSE
24. Does the work avoid attempts to be funny or satirical?
TRUE FALSE
25. Does the work avoid attempts to entertain?
TRUE FALSE
Total:
15/25
20
Link
Bus App Development in Singapore
Evaluation questions
Currency and
relevancy
Authority
Accuracy and
Verifiability
Purpose
Yes
No
1. Does the source show when it was first published or posted?
FALSE TRUE
2. Can you see if the information has been revised or updated?
TRUE FALSE
3. If an online source, are the links on the page functional?
TRUE FALSE
4. Does your topic require exclusively current information?
TRUE FALSE
5. Are there any indications that the source has been influential?
FALSE TRUE
6. Does the date of publication suggest the information is sufficiently
current for the topic?
TRUE FALSE
7. Can you clearly state the intended audience?
FALSE TRUE
8. Is the information written at an appropriate academic level?
TRUE FALSE
9. Is the name of the author, group, or editor responsible for creating
the work clearly displayed?
TRUE FALSE
10. Can you find or link to the author's credentials to ensure that the
author is not an anonymous entity and that the author is accountable
for the material produced?
TRUE FALSE
11. Is there evidence that the source went through a review process?
TRUE FALSE
12. Is the publisher or organization reputable?
TRUE FALSE
13. Does the work appear to be carefully prepared?
TRUE FALSE
14. Does the work document the sources of the information it
presents?
TRUE FALSE
15. Does the author provide references in an academic style?
TRUE FALSE
16. Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
FALSE FALSE
17. Are there spelling, grammar or typographical errors?
FALSE TRUE
18. Does the source appear to be well-researched and factual, and can
you follow the trail of information provided should you choose to do
so?
TRUE FALSE
19. Is the author's or publisher's contact information clearly listed?
TRUE FALSE
20. Can you find a mission statement or an explanation for why this
work was published?
TRUE FALSE
21. Does the source seem free of attempts to advertise or to sell a
product?
FALSE TRUE
22. Does the source aim to serve an educational purpose that presents
information and interpretations objectively?
FALSE TRUE
23. Does the work avoid offering an opinion or attempts to persuade?
TRUE FALSE
24. Does the work avoid attempts to be funny or satirical?
TRUE FALSE
25. Does the work avoid attempts to entertain?
TRUE FALSE
Total:
18/25
21
Link
Seoul Residents Choose ”Parking” as No. 1 Anticipated Item of Sharing City Project
“Ttareungi” Most Popular Policy
Evaluation questions
Currency and
relevancy
Authority
Accuracy and
Verifiability
Purpose
Yes
No
1. Does the source show when it was first published or posted?
TRUE FALSE
2. Can you see if the information has been revised or updated?
FALSE TRUE
3. If an online source, are the links on the page functional?
TRUE FALSE
4. Does your topic require exclusively current information?
TRUE FALSE
5. Are there any indications that the source has been influential?
FALSE TRUE
6. Does the date of publication suggest the information is sufficiently
current for the topic?
TRUE FALSE
7. Can you clearly state the intended audience?
FALSE TRUE
8. Is the information written at an appropriate academic level?
TRUE FALSE
9. Is the name of the author, group, or editor responsible for creating
the work clearly displayed?
FALSE TRUE
10. Can you find or link to the author's credentials to ensure that the
author is not an anonymous entity and that the author is accountable
for the material produced?
FALSE TRUE
11. Is there evidence that the source went through a review process?
TRUE FALSE
12. Is the publisher or organization reputable?
TRUE FALSE
13. Does the work appear to be carefully prepared?
TRUE FALSE
14. Does the work document the sources of the information it
presents?
FALSE TRUE
15. Does the author provide references in an academic style?
FALSE TRUE
16. Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
TRUE FALSE
17. Are ther spelling, grammar or typographical errors?
FALSE TRUE
18. Does the source appear to be well-researched and factual, and can
you follow the trail of information provided should you choose to do
so?
TRUE FALSE
19. Is the author's or publisher's contact information clearly listed?
FALSE TRUE
20. Can you find a mission statement or an explanation for why this
work was published?
FALSE TRUE
21. Does the source seem free of attempts to advertise or to sell a
product?
FALSE TRUE
22. Does the source aim to serve an educational purpose that presents
information and interpretations objectively?
TRUE FALSE
23. Does the work avoid offering an opinion or attempts to persuade?
TRUE FALSE
24. Does the work avoid attempts to be funny or satirical?
TRUE FALSE
25. Does the work avoid attempts to entertain?
TRUE FALSE
Total:
15/25
22
23