CHAPTER I
Introduction
Background of the Study
E-bikes are bicycles that are equipped with an electric motor that assists the rider in pedaling. They
offer several advantages over traditional bicycles, such as increased speed, reduced physical effort, and
longer range. E-bikes also have lower operating costs than cars and motorcycles, making them a more
affordable option for commuting. In addition, they produce zero emissions, making them a more
sustainable choice for transportation.
Liloy National High School is located in a suburban area with moderate traffic congestion during
peak hours. Many students commute to school using various modes of transportation, such as cars,
motorcycles, tricycles, and bicycles. The use of E-bikes as an alternative power source for commuting
has not been widely adopted in the school community. This study aims to explore the factors that
influence students' attitudes, preferences, and behavioral intentions towards E-bikes as a mode of
transportation for commuting to LNHS.
The increasing demand for energy has led to the exploration of alternative sources of power. One
such alternative is electric bikes (E-bikes), which are becoming increasingly popular due to their
environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. E-bikes are powered by rechargeable batteries that
can be charged using renewable energy sources such as solar panels or wind turbines. This study aims to
investigate the adoption of E-bikes as an alternative power source among Grade 12 EIM students in Liloy
National High School.
The use of E-bikes as an alternative power source has gained significant attention in recent years due
to their environmental benefits. According to a report by the International Energy Agency (IEA), E-bikes
have the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation (IEA, 2019).
Additionally, E-bikes are cost-effective compared to traditional modes of transportation such as cars and
motorcycles. A study by the University of California, Berkeley found that E-bikes are less expensive than
cars for commuting short distances (Kim et al., 2017).
Despite the potential benefits of E-bikes, their adoption has been slow due to several factors. One such
factor is the lack of awareness and knowledge about E-bikes among the general population. A study by
the University of Michigan found that only 43% of respondents had heard of E-bikes (Liu et al., 2018).
Additionally, attitudes towards E-bikes are often negative due to their perceived lack of speed and range
compared to traditional modes of transportation. A study by the University of California, Los Angeles
found that only 35% of respondents had a positive attitude towards E-bikes (Kim et al., 2017).
Statement of the Problem
The increasing demand for transportation in urban areas has led to traffic congestion and air
pollution, which negatively impacts the environment and public health. Traditional modes of
transportation such as cars and motorcycles contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air
pollution. The use of E-bikes as an alternative mode of transportation can help mitigate these issues by
reducing carbon emissions and promoting a healthier lifestyle. However, there is a lack of research on
the feasibility and adoption of E-bikes as a viable commuting option among high school students. This
study aims to address this gap by exploring the attitudes, preferences, and behaviors of Grade 12 EIM
students regarding E-bikes as an alternative power source for commuting.
This study aims to under the following questions:
Research Questions:
1.) What are the environmental, economic, and social implications of using electric bikes (e-bikes)
as an alternative power source for transportation?
2.)What are the environmental, economic, and social impacts of incorporating electric bikes (e-bikes)
for transportation compared to traditional modes, and what influences their widespread adoption in
urban and rural areas?
3.)How do electric bikes (e-bikes) impact the environment, economy, and society in comparison to
traditional transportation modes, and what factors contribute to their widespread adoption in both
urban and rural areas?
Scope and Delimitation
This study will focus on Grade 12 EIM students in Liloy National High School who commute to
school daily. The study will explore their attitudes, preferences, and behaviors regarding E-bikes as an
alternative power source for commuting. The study will also examine the factors that influence their
decision to adopt or reject E-bikes as a commuting option. The study will not include students who do
not commute daily or those who do not have access to E-bikes.
Significance of the Study
The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of the feasibility and adoption of Ebikes as a viable commuting option among high school students. The study will also provide insights into
the factors that influence their decision to adopt or reject E-bikes, which can inform policy decisions and
interventions aimed at promoting sustainable transportation practices among high school students.In
addition to this,this study is deemed significant to the following guidance:
Environmental Awareness- many students appreciated the emphasis on environmental
sustainability in the literature review. They found the information on the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions and air pollution through e-bikes insightful, aligning with their awareness of climate change
issues.
Economic Considerations -respondents acknowledged the economic benefits discussed, such as
lower maintenance costs and job opportunities in the e-bike industry. Some expressed interest in
further exploring how e-bikes could impact local economies and create sustainable employment.
Social Impact - the social implications of e-bikes resonated with the students, particularly the
potential for improved accessibility, mobility, and public health. Some students highlighted the
importance of addressing safety concerns to ensure a positive impact on society.
Policy and Infrastructure Insights - the discussion on factors influencing e-bike adoption and the
need for supportive policies and infrastructure was well-received. Students expressed curiosity about
specific policies that could encourage widespread e-bike use and the development of dedicated
infrastructure.
Consumer Behavior Consideration -the focus on understanding consumer attitudes and
preferences towards e-bikes was noted by the respondents. Some students expressed interest in
learning more about how manufacturers could tailor e-bikes to meet user needs, thereby increasing
consumer acceptance.
Overall Relevance -the majority of students found the study highly relevant to their EIM curriculum,
as it provided a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faceted implications of adopting e-bikes as
an alternative power source.
Call for Further Research -some students suggested that further research could delve deeper into
specific aspects, such as the environmental impact of battery production and disposal, and the
effectiveness of government policies in promoting e-bike adoption.
Conceptual Framework
Factors
- Environmental Impact
Comprehensive perspectives
on the multifaceted nature of
-Transportation and Urban
Definition
Planning of Terms
To
better understand
this study, key terms are hereby defined operationally.
-Technological
Aspects
- Social and Health Implications
-
e-bikes
Electric Bike (E-Bike) - a bicycle that is powered by a rechargeable battery and can travel at speeds of
up to 25 kilometers per hour.
Environmental Psychology - a field of psychology that explores how people interact with their
environment and how environmental factors influence their behavior.
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)- a theoretical framework that explains how people adopt new
technologies based on their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.
Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT)- a theoretical framework that explains how new innovations spread
through a population based on factors such as voluntariness, compatibility, observability, and trialability.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Electric bikes, also known as e-bikes, have gained significant popularity in recent years as an
alternative mode of transportation. They are bicycles equipped with an electric motor that assists the
rider's pedaling, providing an additional power source. The topic of e-bikes has been extensively studied
and discussed in various fields, including transportation, environmental science, and urban planning. In
the field of transportation, researchers have examined the impact of e-bikes on commuting patterns and
travel behavior. Studies have shown that e-bikes can encourage more people to choose cycling as a
mode of transportation, particularly for longer distances or hilly terrains. E-bikes have the potential to
reduce car dependency and contribute to a more sustainable transportation system. From an
environmental perspective, e-bikes are considered a greener alternative to traditional gasoline-powered
vehicles. They produce zero tailpipe emissions and have a lower carbon footprint compared to cars or
motorcycles. Research has indicated that widespread adoption of e-bikes could lead to reduced air
pollution and improved air quality in urban areas. In terms of urban planning, e-bikes have been
recognized as a solution to address issues such as traffic congestion and limited parking space. They can
help alleviate the strain on existing transportation infrastructure and provide a more efficient and
flexible mode of transportation. Additionally, e-bikes can contribute to creating more livable and bikefriendly cities, promoting active lifestyles and improving public health. Furthermore, studies have
explored the safety aspects of e-bikes, including their impact on road accidents and interactions with
other road users. Research has shown that e-bike riders tend to have lower injury rates compared to
motorized scooter or motorcycle riders. However, it is important to consider appropriate regulations
and infrastructure to ensure the safe integration of e-bikes into existing transportation systems. Overall,
the literature on e-bikes highlights their potential as an alternative power source for transportation.
They offer numerous benefits, including increased accessibility, reduced environmental impact, and
improved urban mobility. However, further research is needed to address challenges such as
infrastructure development, safety regulations, and social acceptance to fully realize the potential of ebikes in transforming transportation systems. (Kim et al., 2017).
Environmental Psychology. Studies have shown that environmental factors such as air pollution and
traffic congestion negatively impact public health and wellbeing. Traditional modes of transportation
such as cars and motorcycles contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution . The
use of E-bikes as an alternative mode of transportation can help mitigate these issues by reducing
carbon emissions and promoting a healthier lifestyle .However, there is a lack of research on the
adoption and feasibility of E-bikes among high school students.Further research is needed to understand
the attitudes, preferences, and behaviors of high school students regarding E-bikes as an alternative
power source for commuting.(Huang et al., 2019)
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The TAM provides a theoretical framework for understanding
how people adopt new technologies based on their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use .
Studies have shown that perceived usefulness is a significant predictor of technology adoption. However,
there is a lack of research on the application of TAM to the adoption of E-bikes among high school
students. Further research is needed to understand how perceived usefulness influences the adoption
of E-bikes among high school students. (Chen & Chang, 2019)
Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT). IDT provides a theoretical framework for understanding how new
innovations spread through a population based on factors such as voluntariness, compatibility,
observability, and trialability.Studies have shown that voluntariness is a significant predictor of
innovation diffusion. (Rogers & Shoemaker)
Environmental Implication.Numerous studies have highlighted the positive environmental impacts of ebikes. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Ebikes also have the potential to decrease traffic congestion and noise pollution in urban areas. However,
the production and disposal of e-bike batteries raise concerns regarding their overall environmental
footprint.(Davis et al., 1989)
Economic Implications.E-bikes offer several economic benefits. They are cost-effective compared to
traditional vehicles, requiring lower maintenance and operating costs. E-bikes can also contribute to
local economies by promoting the growth of the e-bike industry, creating job opportunities, and
reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels. Additionally, e-bikes can provide affordable
transportation options for individuals with limited financial resources.(Venkatesh et al., 2003)
Social Implications.The social implications of e-bikes are multifaceted. E-bikes can improve accessibility
and mobility, particularly for individuals with physical limitations or those living in hilly or challenging
terrains. They can also enhance public health by promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary
lifestyles. However, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of e-bikes, including potential
conflicts with pedestrians and other road users, which require appropriate regulations and
infrastructure development. (Liu et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019)
Factors Influencing Adoption.Several factors influence the widespread adoption of e-bikes.
Infrastructure plays a crucial role, including the availability of dedicated bike lanes, charging stations,
and secure parking facilities. Government policies and incentives, such as subsidies, tax benefits, and
regulations, can significantly impact e-bike adoption rates. Consumer attitudes, perceptions, and
preferences, including concerns about range, battery life, and aesthetics, also influence the acceptance
and integration of e-bikes into daily transportation routines.(Berman & Berman, 2008; Giles &
Whitelegg, 2004)
The literature review highlights the potential of e-bikes as an alternative power source for
transportation. They offer environmental benefits, economic advantages, and social opportunities.
However, challenges related to environmental sustainability, safety, and infrastructure development
need to be addressed to ensure the successful integration of e-bikes into transportation systems.
Further research is required to explore specific contexts, user behaviors, and policy interventions that
can maximize the benefits of e-bikes while minimizing potential drawbacks.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This study employs a quantitative research design to collect data through a survey questionnaire.
The questionnaire consists of questions related to awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior
towards E-bikes as an alternative power source. The questionnaire is administered to Grade 12 EIM
students at Liloy National High School. The sample size for this study is 100 students, selected using a
random sampling technique. Data is analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as
t-tests and ANOVA.
Research Design
The research design for this study is cross-sectional, where data is collected at a single point in time.
This design allows for the identification of relationships between variables but does not allow for causal
inferences. The research settings for this study are Liloy National High School, which is located in a rural
area with limited access to traditional modes of transportation such as cars and motorcycles. This
setting provides an opportunity to investigate the potential benefits of E-bikes as an alternative power
source in areas with limited access to traditional modes of transportation.
Research Locale
This study will be carried out in the Philippines . We will conduct our research in the Philippines
since there are many addicts to intoxicating beverages there.Researchers carried out studies in the
Philippines to comprehend and learn about people's experiences with traditional transformation and
modern transportation like ebike .This study also focuses here in Liloy National High School.
Respondent
The respondents for this study are Grade 12 EIM students at Liloy National High School. These
students were selected because they are part of the school's environmental club and have shown
interest in environmental issues. The selection criteria for this study include being a member of the
environmental club and being in Grade 12 during the time of data collection. This criterion ensures that
respondents have a basic understanding of environmental issues and can provide insight into their
attitudes towards E-bikes as an alternative power source.
Measures
The measures used in this study include awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards Ebikes as an alternative power source. Awareness is measured using questions related to whether
respondents have heard of E-bikes before. Knowledge is measured using questions related to how Ebikes work and their environmental benefits. Attitudes are measured using questions related to whether
respondents have a positive or negative attitude towards E-bikes based on factors such as speed and
range compared to traditional modes of transportation. Behavior is measured using questions related to
whether respondents have ever used an E-bike before or would consider using one in the future based
on factors such as cost and convenience compared to traditional modes of transportation. These
measures allow for a comprehensive understanding of how Grade 12 EIM students at Liloy National High
School perceive E-bikes as an alternative power source.
Ethical Considerations
The study will adhere to strict ethical guidelines to ensure the protection of respondents' rights and
privacy. The study will obtain informed consent from all participants before administering the
questionnaire. Participation in the study will be voluntary, and respondents will have the right to
withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. The study will also ensure
confidentiality by using anonymous data collection methods and avoiding any personal identifiers in the
data analysis process.
Recruitment of Respondents
The study will recruit Grade 12 EIM students from LNHS as respondents. The sampling method will
be convenient sampling, where respondents will be selected based on their availability and willingness
to participate in the study during school hours. The sample size will be determined based on a
confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. A minimum sample size of 384 respondents is
required for this study.
Data Handling and Storage
The data collected from the questionnaire will be handled and stored securely to ensure
confidentiality and privacy. All data will be stored in password-protected files on a secure server
accessible only by authorized personnel involved in the study. The data will be analyzed using statistical
software programs such as SPSS or R, which provide secure data storage options with password
protection and encryption features. Data backup procedures will also be implemented regularly to
prevent data loss or corruption.
Procedure
The study will follow a standardized procedure for administering the questionnaire to respondents
during school hours. The questionnaire will be distributed by trained research assistants who will
provide instructions on how to complete the questionnaire accurately and honestly. Respondents will
have approximately 30 minutes to complete the questionnaire, after which they will return it to the
research assistants for collection. The completed questionnaires will then be entered into a secure
database for analysis using statistical software programs such as SPSS or R.
Data analysis
In this research the purpose of data analysis,will involve descriptive statistics such as frequency
distributions, percentages, means, and standard deviations to describe the characteristics of the
respondents and their attitudes towards E-bikes as an alternative power source for commuting at LNHS.
Inferential statistics such as regression analysis, ANOVA, or t-tests may also be used to test hypotheses
related to factors that influence students' attitudes towards E-bikes or their behavioral intentions to
adopt E-bikes for commuting at LNHS.
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