PSYCH ASSESSMENT
PROPONENT
IMPT CONTRIBUTION/THEORY/TEST
Chinese
Ming Dynasty: national multistage testing program
Greek
Intelligence and physical skills
European
Formal exams for honors and degrees ; loving and secured family ; maternal effect
Charles Darwin
No two humans are exactly alike
Francis Galton
Father of psychometrics ; anthropometric ; correl and regression
Johan Herbart
Math models of the mind ; father of pedagogy ; against Wundt
Ernst Weber
Sensory thresholds ; just noticeable differences
Gustav Fechner
Math of sensory thresholds ; psychophysics ; founders of expe psych
Wilhem Wundt
One of the founders of psych ; establish psych lab ; structuralism
Guy Whipple
Pioneer of human ability testing
William Stern
Mental quotient ;
Charles Spearman
Two factor theory of intelligence ; factor analysis ; general ability (g) ; special abilities (s)
EL Thorndike
Multifactor theory ; social, concrete and abstract
Joy Ford Guilford
Structured intelligence ; 6 ops x 5 contents x 6 prod = 180 elem abilities
Louis Leon Thurstone
MFTI ; 7 primary mental abilities
Howard Gardner
Multiple intelligence theory
Raymond Catell
Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence ; lexical approach
John Horn
GV and GQ Model
John Caroll
3 Stratum Theory ; specific > broad > general
McGrew - Flanagan
CHC model ; excl of G ; synth of 3 stratum and fluid and crys int
Aleksandra Luria
Information processing theory
Robert Sternberg
Triarchic theory of intelligence (componential ; experiential ; contextual
Jean Esquirol
Crude or basic mental test ; mental ret ; idiocy
Edward Seguin
Educ methods for intell disabled/mentally ret
James Catell
Coined “mental test” ; psych lab in Pennsylvania
Alfred Binet
Father of IQ testing ; SB ; age differentiation
Lewis Terman
SB into English ; IQ (mental age and chron age)
David Weschler
Series of subtests ; standardized point scale ; EQ
Vernon and Carrol
Hierarchical Approach ; g factor
PSYCH ASSESSMENT
Jean Piaget
Cognitive theory ; 4 stages ; schemes; assi and acco
Lev Vygotsky
Zone of Proximal Devt
Henry Goddard
Translated SB to French ; moron , retard ; mental def from gen to gen
Robert Yerkes
ARMY alpha and beta; APA president
Arthur Otis
Multiple choice ; obj type of tests
Robert Woodworth
PDS (1st structured PT) ; shellshock; emotional stability
Herman Rorschach
Inkblot tets
Manuel Carreon
Dissertation on Philippine Studies in Mental Measurements
Sinforoso Padilla
Philippine Self administering test of mental ability
Ordonez
Psychological test in bilibid ; research eval and guidance; battery test
Lazo, Vasques - De Jesus, and
Edrallin Tiglao
Research on test used in clinical and industrial setting in Manila
Virgilio Enriquez
Panukat ng Ugali and Pagkatao (PUP) ; Sikopil
Aurora Palacio
Panukat ng Katalinuhang Pilipino (PKP)
Anadaisy Carlota
Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino (PPP)
Gregorio Del Pilar
Masaklaw na Panukat ng Loob (Mapa ng Loob)
PSYCH ASSESSMENT
Scales of Measurement
M
EQUAL
INTERVAL
ABSOLUTE ZERO
PARA / NON
PARA
MCT
EXAMPLES
NOMINAL
-
-
-
NP
Mode
Gender, any categorical
data
ORDINAL
/
-
-
NP
Median
Likert scales, ranking
INTERVAL
/
/
-
P
Mean, Median
Co, SAT score, credit
score
RATIO
/
/
/
P
Mean, Median
Age, weight, height
SKEWNESS
KURTOSIS
PSYCH ASSESSMENT
STANDARD SCORES
MEAN
SD
T SCORE/McCall’s T
50
10
Army General Classification Test (AGCT)
100
20
CEEB, SAT, and GRE
500
100
Standard Nine (Stanine)
5
2
Standard Ten (STEN)
5.5
2
Deviation IQ (DIQ)
100
15/16
CORRELATION
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
QUALITATIVE INTERPRETATION
+1.00
Perfect positive relationship
- 1.00
Perfect negative relationship
.85 - .99
Very high/very strong relationship
.70 - .84
High / strong relationship
.40 - .69
Moderate relationship
.20 - .39
Low / weak relationship
0.10 - .19
Very low / very weak relationship
PSYCH ASSESSMENT
0.00
NO relationship
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
IQ SCORES
50%
90-110
70%
85-115
95%
70-130
99.5%
60-140
IQ SCORES
4 LEVELS OF MENTAL RETARDATION
50-70
Below average
40-35
Mild mental retardation
35-30
Moderate mental retardation
20-35
Severe mental retardation
<20
Profound mental retardation
Z SCORES AND T SCORES
Z
T
-3
Below average
20
Below average
-2
Low average
30
Low average
-1
Average
40-60
Average
+2
High average
70
High average
+3
Above average
90
Above average
RELIABILITY
METHOD
NO. OF FORMS
NO. OF
SESSIONS
SOURCE/S OF ERROR VAR
Test Retest
1
2
Changes over time
Alternative Forms (I)
2
1
Item sampling
Alternative Forms (D)
2
2
Item sampling changes over time
Split Half (Spearman Brown)
1
1
Item sample ; nature of split
Coefficient Alpha & KR
1
1
Item sampling ; heterogeneity
Inter rater
1
1
Scorer differences
PSYCH ASSESSMENT
SUMMARY OF TEST DEVELOPMENT
Test concept.
Relevance; obj; op def; population; scales; test format
Test con.
SMEs; TOS; item pool
Test tryout
Standardization sample
Item analysis
Difficulty; discriminability; rel & val; effectiveness of alternatives
Test revision
Several stages of revision; standardization
Other activities
Prep of manuals; packaging; publishing; etc.