First complex synthesized
Chloramminecobalt
Chloramminecobalt
Prepared by the action of NH3 on CoCl3
Structure of Polyhedra

According to Werner’s Coordination Theory
Coordination Sphere
[ ]
Coordination sphere has two parts
Metal
Ligands
Metal Complexes composed of two parts
Metal
+ve
0
Ligands
-ve
Classification of Ligand
Charge
Binding Capacity
Charge on Ligand
-ve
Neutral
+ve
Binding Capacity
Monodentate
Bidentate
Polydentate
The name of –ve ligand ended with –o
Like
Chloro, Bromo, Thiocyanato, Sulfato
Neutral Ligands named as it is
Like
Carbonyl, Aquo, Ammine, Ethylenediamine, pyridine
The name of +ve ligand ended with –ium
Like
Hydrazinium
Negatively Charged Ligands
Ended with -o
Mononegative
Dinegative
Cl- Chloro
SO42-sulfato
Br- Bromo
S2O32- Thiosulfato
I- Iodo
NO2- Nitrito
[ ]
CN- Cyanato
SCN- Thiocyanato
Neutral
CO Carbonyl
H2O Aquo
NH3 Ammine
C5H6N Phenylamine
Positive
..
+
HN = NH2
Hydrazinium
Monodentate
Bidentate
NH2 – CH2 – COO
Glycinate
Bipyridine
-OOC – COOOxalate
1,10-orthophenanthroline
Polydentate
-OOC – H C
2
-OOC – H C
2
N –CH2–CH2 – N
CH2 – COO
CH – COO
2
EDTA4Ethylene diammine tetraacete ion
Donor Atoms in Bidentate Ligands
Donor Atoms in Bidentate Ligands
METAL’S NAME

No matter what the charge of metal ion is.

The name of metal in complex is dependent upon the
charge on coordination sphere or square bracket

If the charge on coordination sphere is –ve, the metal
ion name will end with –ate like other anions.

For [MLn]+ or 0 Metal will name without any change But
For [MLn]- Metal name will ended with ate

METAL’S NAME
 Variation
in metals name will appear
only if coordination sphere is anionic

i.e. [MLn]
 Chromium
will written as Chromate
METAL’S NAME
Metal name does not affected by its own charge
But
The overall charge on the coordination sphere
If [ ]+ve or [ ]o
Metal name remains as it is
Like
Iron, copper, lead, mercury, silver, zinc
But
If [ ]-ve , metal name ended with –ate
Like
Ferrate, cuprate, plumbate, argentate,
zincate
Metal’s name
Aluminium
Zinc
Platinium
Mercury
Silver
Iron
Copper
Mangnese
Nickel
Lead
Cobalt
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
as
Aluminate
Zincate
Platinate
Mercurate
Argentate
Ferrate
Cuprate
Manganate
Nickelate
Plumbate
Cobaltate
Nomenclature
How to Name a Complex….?
Writing a complex compound
Writing a complex
compound
Naming a complex compound
Naming a complex compound
Examples of Monodentate


[Pt(NH3)4]Cl 2
tetraammineplatinum(II) chloride
[PtCl4]2tetrachloroplatinate(II) ion
K2[Pt(SCN)4]
Potassium tetrathiocyanatoplatinate(II)
Mg[Pt(NCS)4]
Magnesium tetraisothiocyanatoplatinate(II)
Examples of Monodentate
K2[Hg(S2O3)2]
potassium dithiosulfatomercurate(II)
K3[Hg(OS2O2)2]
potassium dithiosulfato-O-mercurate(I)
Na3[Co(NO2)6]
sodium hexanitrito-N-cobaltate(III)
K3[Cr(ONO)6]
potassium hexanitrito-O-chromate(III)
Examples of Bidentate
[Ni(en)Cl2(H2O) 2]
dichlorodiaquoethylenediaminenickel(II)
Cis-[Ni(en)Cl2(H2O)2]
cis-dichlorodiaquoethylenediaminenickel(II)
trans-[Cu(en)Cl2(H2O)2]
trans-dichlorodiaquoethylenediaminecopper(II)
trans-[Cu(en)2(H2O)2]Cl2
trans-diaquobisthylenediaminecopper(II) chloride
cis-[Cu(en)2(H2O)2]Cl2
cis-diaquobisthylenediaminecopper(II) chloride
Examples of Bidentate
[Zn(ox)2]2dioxalatozincate(II) ion
Ba[Zn(ox)2]
Barium dioxalatozincate(II)
[Zn(gly)2]
diglycinatozinc(II)
[Fe(bipy)3]3+
tris-bipyridineiron(III) ion
[Cr(opt)2(SO4)2]-
disulfatobis-1,10-orthophenathrolinechromate(III) ion
cis-[Ni(en)2(H2O)2]SO4
cis-diaquobisethylenediaminenickel(II)
sulfate
Examples of multidentate
[Fe(dien)2]3+
bis-diethylenetriamineiron(III) ion
[Cr(dien)Cl3]
trichlorodiethylenetriaminechromium(III)
[Co(C2O4)3]3trioxalatocobaltate(III) ion
Mg3[Fe(C2O4)3] 2
magnesium trioxalatoferrate(III)
Examples of complexes with different
oxidation state of metal
Na[Co(CO)4]
sodium tetracarbonylcobaltate(-I) ion
K4[Ni(CN)4]
potassium tetracynonicklate(0)
[V(CO)6] 1hexacarbonylvanadate(-I) ion
Geometric Isomers and their Naming
Naming of Geometric Isomers
Naming of Optical Isomers
Dextro and levorotatory compounds are designated
by (+) and (-) or by “d” or “l”.
(+), or d-K3[Cr(C2O4)3]
Potassium(+), or d-trioxalatochromate(III)
Examples of Bridging groups