ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT the creative power that humans endows or the quality that they provide, within certain limits, with freedom to be either psychologically healthy or unhealthy and to follow eiher a useful or useless style of life. GENERAL DESCRIPTION these 3 characteristics ay naturally from lack of social interest. In short, people become failures in life because they are overconcerned sa kanilang sarili and have a little care sa ibang tao. malajusted people or yung mga taong may sariling mundo in which they can live more comfortably but sa totoong buhay they are in gross disharmony o hindi mainindihangg buhay. Yung mga tao na malajusted they set an unnecessay goals as an excessive reaction for exaggerated feeling of inferiority or being indifference. Yung mga unnecessary goals na iyon ay magllead sa dogmatic behavior meaning having an opinionated behavior or being arrogant, and the higher the goal, the more rigid the striving. These individuals narrow their perpective and strive compulsively and rigidly para sa unrealistic goals. Yung exaggerated and unrealistic nature ng neurotic goal ng isang tao or yung mga taong hindi mapakali kadalasan sila yung mga taong may negative emotions such as anxiety, envy, jealousy, guilt, and depression ay nahihiwalay sila community ng ibang tao. They approach the problems of friendship, sex and occupation from a personal angle that precludes successful solutions. Yung view nila sa mundo ay hindi nakafocus sa katulad ng ibang tao and they possess what Adler (1956) called "private meaning", that is, meaning premised upon the person's private and unique valuation of self, others, and the world, and what life requires of him or her. These people find everyday living to be hard work, requiring great effort. EXTERNAL FACTORS IN MALADJUSTMENT baket nga ba some people create maladjustments? Adler (1964) recognized 3 contributing factors, na kung saan isa rito ay sufficient to contribute to abnormality: 1, exaggerated physical deficiencies, 2. a pampered style of life, and 3. a neglected style of life. EXAGGERATED PHYSICAL DEFICIENCIES ang bawat tao comes into the world "blessed" with physical deficiencies, and these deficiencies lead to feelings of inferiority or lowliness. People with exaggerated physical deficiencies sometimes they develop exaggerated feelings of inferiority because they overcompensate for their inadequacy. They tend to be overly concerned with themselves and lack consideration for others. Naffeel nila na they are living in enemy country, takot silang matalo more than they desire success and convinced sila na yung major problems ng ating buhay ay massolve lamang sa pamamagitan ng pagiging makasarili. PAMPERED STYLE OF LIFE They expect others to look after them, overprotect them, and satisfy their needs. They are characterized by extreme discouragement, indecisiveness, oversensitivity, impatience, and exaggerated emotion, especially anxiety. They see the world with private vision and believe that they are entitled to be first in everything (Adler, 1927, 1964) Pampered children have not received too much love; rather, they feel unloved. Their parents have demonstrated a lack of love by doing too much for them and by treating them as if they were incapable of solving their own problems. Because these children feel pampered and spoiled, they develop a pampered style of life. Pampered children may also feel neglected or not given prooper or necessary care or attention, in short they aree beeing abandoned and mistreated. Dahil nga protected sila ng kanilang doting parents or yung parents na nagpapakita ng pagmamahal na sobra sa kanila na kung saan lahat ng gusto nila ay ibinnibigay, so takot na silang maging independent or mahiwalay sa kanilang mga magulang. Yung mga ganitong experiences ay nadagdag sa bilang or reasons kung baket nakakaramdam sila ng inferiority or imperfection feelings. NEGLECTED STYLE OF LIFE Neglect is a relative concept. No one feels totally neglected or completely unwanted. The fact that a child survived infancy is proof that someone cared for that child and that the seed of social interest has been planted (Adler, 1927). Kadalasan sa neglected style of life ay sila yung mga bata na nakaranas ng abuso at hindi tamang pagtatrato. Meron silang kakaunting tiwala sa sarili and inioverestimate nila yung diffuculties na connected wiith their life's major problems. Sila yung mga taong walang tiwala sa ibang tao at hindi sila marunong makisama sa iba. Nakikita nila yung society as enemy country, naffeel nila na kakaiba sila sa ibang tao, and may strong sense sila ng pagkainggit kapag naging successful ang iba. Ang mga neglected children na ito ay marami silang characteristics but generally sila ay suspicios and more likely dangerous to others. SAFEGUARDING TENDENCIES Adler’s concept of safeguarding tendencies can be compared to Freud’s concept of defense mechanisms. Pareho silang nabuo para protection against anxiety. However, ang piangkaiba nila ay yung Freudian defense mechanisms operate unconciously para protektahan ang ego against anxiety, whereas Adlerian safeguarding tendencies ay largely concious and pinoprotektahan neto ang self-esteem laban sa public disgrace. Also, yung defense mechanism ni Freud ay common to everyone, but kay Adler naddiscuss lamang ang safeguarding tendencies para sa nakakaranas ng neurotic symptoms or yung symptom na kung saan yung isang tao ay mentally ill sila ay nakakaranas ng anxiety, depression, hyperventilation, and panic. So, in regards with this mayroong 3 common safeguarding tendencies which are the 1. excuses, 2. aggresion, 3. and withdrawal. Bawat isa rito ay designed to protect a person's present life style of life and to maintain a fictional, elevated feeling of self-importance. 1. Excuses In a "Yes, but" excuse, kiniclaim ng isang tao na gusto nilang gawin something na maganda pakinggan to others then susundan nila ng excuse. For example, a woman might say, “Yes, I would like to go to college, but my children demand too much of my attention.” On the other hand, in a "If only" excuse same phrased sila ng "Yes, but" but in a different way. For example a woman said that “If only my husband were more supportive, I would have advanced faster in my profession." Therefore, these excuses protect weak people na mayroong inflated sense of of . Sila yung may sense of self-worth and pinapaniwala nila ang mga tao na mas superior sila than they are. 2. Aggression a. depreciation This safeguarding tendency is evident in such aggressive behaviors as criticism and gossip. Example, “The only reason Kenneth got the job I applied for is because he is an African American.” in short, ang intensyon nito ay dinidisregard yung achievement ng iba sa pamamagitan ng pangmamaliit so that the person, by comparison ay mailalagay sa favorable light. b. accusation Ito yung may tendency na iblame mo yung failure mo sa iba and magsseek ka ng revenge, thereby safeguarding one's own tenous self-esteem. Example, . “I wanted to be an artist, but my parents forced me to go to medical school. Now I have a job that makes me miserable.” Naniniwala si Adler na mayroong element of agressive accusation in all unhealthy lifestyles. Na kung saan yung mga unhealthy people ay invariably or always act para magcause ng suffering sa mga taong nakapaligid sa kanila more than they do. c. self-accusation self-accusation ay kabaligtaran ng depreciation, although both are aimed toward gaining personal superiority. Sa depreciation ay sila yung taong nammamaliit ng ibang tao to make themselves look good. Sa self-accusation naman ay sila mismo ang nang uunderestimate sa sarilli nila para maipasa ang sufferings sa iba while pinoprotektahan nila yung sariling magnified feeling of self esteem. 3. Withdrawal yung personality development ay maaring mahinto kapag tinakasan ng isang tao ng pagsubok or difficulties. Nirefer na ito ni Adler na tendency as withdrawal or safeguarding through distance. Adler (1956) recognized four modes of safeguarding through withdrawal: (1) moving backward, (2) standing still, (3) hesitating, and (4) constructing obstacles. a. moving backward moving backward is somehow similar to Freud's concept of regression in that both involve attempts to return to earlier, more comfortable phases of life. Na kung saan regression takes place unconciusly and protects people against anxiety-filled experiences, yung moving backward naman ay minsan concious and directed sa pagmaintaiin ng inflated goal of superiority or layunin ng pagiging mas mahusay. b. standing still this withdrawal tendency is similar to moving backward but, in general, it is not as severe. People who stand still simply do not move in any direction; thus, they avoid all responsibility by ensuring themselves against any threat of failure. Pinangangalagaan nila yung kanilang fictional aspirations dahil wala silang ginagawa para maipakita na hindi nila kayang macccomplish ang kanilang goals. By doing nothing, mapapangalagaan nila ang kanilang sel esteem and mappoprotektahan nila ang kanilang sarili sa anumang failures, in short takot silang gumalaw or hindi nila ginaggawa ang ng isang bagay para maiwasan nilang maging failure in case na hindi maging successful or sumangayon sa kanilang gusto ang mangyayare. c. hesitating some people ay mag-aatubili kapag haharapin ang mahihirap ng problema. their procrastinations eventually give them the excuse "it's too late now". Naniniwala si Adler na halos lahat ng hindi makontrol na behavior ay magtatangkang magsayang ng oras. katulad nalang ng paggsisira ng isang trabaho na kakasimula palang, and pag aalis ng hindi tinatapos ang trabahaho. Although hesitating may appear to other people to be self-defeating, sa mga neurotic individuals naman ay it preserves their pagpapahalaga sa kanilang sarili. d. constructing obstacle least severe of the withdrawal safeguarding tendencies is constructing obstacle. some people build a straw houuse to show that theyy can knock it down. By overcoming the obstacle, napprotektahan nila ang kanilang pagpapahalaga sa sarili and their prestige. Kung sila man ay mabigo para malaagpasan ang harang or barrier, they can always resort to an excuse. In summary, safeguarding tendencies ay mahahanap halos sa lahat ng tao. However, ito ay self-defeating sa kadahilanan na yung goal niya talaga ay pang sarili and yung personal superiority actually block them from securing authentic feelings of selfesteem. Marami sa atin na hindi narrealize na ang self-esteem would be better safeguarded kapag isinuko ang pagigging self-interest and magdevelop ng totoong pagpapahalaga sa ibang tao. MASCULINE PROTEST ang epitome ng success para sa mga kalalakihan ay manalo, maging powerful, and to be on top. In contrast, tayong mga babae natutunan naten na dapat tanggapin na nasa inferior or always on a lower position in society. Syempre some women fight against their feminine roles, developing a musculine orientation and becoming assertive and competitive; yung iba naman ay nagrrise ng oppposition by adopting a passive role, nagiging helpless and obedient; still yung iba ay inaaccpet na talaga nila yung paniniwala na women ay inferior human beings, acknowledging men's priviledged postion sa pamamagitan ng pakikipagpalitan ng responsibilities to them. Ang lahat na ito ay resulta ng cultural and social influences, hindi ito namamana na psychic difference between the two sex. ADLER, FREUD, AND THE MASCULINE PROTEST Freud believed that "anatomy is destiny" and that he regarded women as the "'dark continent' for psychology" Ngunit, hangggang sa kamatayan niya he was still asking "what does a woman want?". According to Adler, these attitutudes toward women would be evidence of a person with a strong masculine protest. In contrast sa view ni Freud on women, Adler assumed that women want more or less the same things that men want, because women have also the same physiological and psychological need as men. Itong pagkakaiba nila ng view sa women ay dahil sa kanilang mga napangasawa. Si Martha Bernays Freud ay isang housewife na dedicated sa kanyang mga anak at asawa, wala siyang interest sa profession ng kanya asawa more likely nakafocus siya sa kanyang pamilya. In contrast, si Raissa Epstein Adler naman ay isang independent woman na hate ang traditional domestic role and mas prefer niya ang politically active career. During the early years ng marriage nila compatible naman sila sa kanilang political views but in time nagkaiba na silang ng pananaw. Si Alfred ay more of a capitalist, advocating personal responsibilty, while Raissa became involved sa mga mapanganib na communist politics ng pinaggalingan niya which is Russia. APPLICATION OF INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY ito ay nahahati sa apat na areas 1. family constellation 2. early recollections 3. dreams 4. psychotherapy Family Constellation In theraphy, kadalasang tinatanong ni Adler kung anong family contellation ang kanyang pasyente or more likely their birth order, gender of their siblings, and age spread between them. Adler did form some hypotheses about birth order. According kay Adler, yung mga firstborn children ay sila yung may feeling nna pagiging superior and power, may mataas na anxiety and overprotective tendencies. Firstborn children ay mayroong unique position for being an only child for a time then makakaranas ng traumatic dethronement when the younger sibling is born. Dahil dito ay magiiba ang pananaw nila sa mundo. Kapag ang younger sibling ay isinilang 3 years or older sa kanila and if they have aalready developed a self-centered style of life, makakaramdam sila ng conflict and bitterness sa bagong baby but if they formed a cooperating style, eventually ma aaddopt pa rin nila ang the same attitude toward sa bagong kapatid. Kapag naman ang panganay ay less than 3 years old, ang resentment and hostility ay unconcious or senseless, which makes these attitudes more resistant na magbago in later life. In seconborn children, according to Adler na secondborn din ay nagsisimula ang kanilang buhay sa better situation para madevelop ang cooperation and social interest. Na kung saan ang personality daw ng secondborn are shaped sa pamamagitan ng perception ng ugali ng panganay. Kapag ang panganay ay extreme hostility and vengeance, the second child may become highly competitive and overly discouraged. Instead, seconborn child matures toward sa pagiging moderate comppetitive, mayroong healthy desire na malagpasan ang older rival. Kappag ang isa ay nakaachieve ng success, ang isa ay more likely gaganti and feel niya na kahit sino man ay challenged na talunin niya. Again, ang interpretations ng children ay mas mahalaga kesa sa chronological position. In youngest children, Adler believed that sila yung mga papmpered or spoiled and hih risk of being problem children. Sila yung may malakas na sense of inferiority and lack of sense of independecy. Kahit na ganun, sila naman yung maraming advantages. Sila yung highly mootivated tha sa older siblings, best musician, most skilled athlete, or ambbiitious student. Only children ay nasa unique na position pagdating ka compentensya, since wala silang kapatid yung kalabann nila ay ang kanilang parents. Adler stated that only children may lack well-developed feelings of cooperation and social interest, masama ang ugali, and nageexpect sila ng protection sa ibang tao. EARLY RECOLLECTIONS Adler ask his patients to reveal their early recollections (ERs) para makakuha ng understanding sa personality ng kanyang patients. Kahit na naniniwala siya na recall memories ay clues para maintindihan ang style of life ng mga pasyente, hindi niya naman kinonsider itong memories na may casual effect. Iniinsist ni Adler na yung early recollections ay palaging consistent with people's present style of life and that their subjective account of these experiences yields clues para maintindihan both their final goal and their present style of life. However this early recollection also indicates that he believed na tinulungan siya ng iba. Yung tulong na ito galing sa ibang tao ay nagbigay ng confidence sa knaya para makipagcompete sa mga powerful rival. Another eexample ni Adler between early recollections and style of life was that during therapy may ishinare yung isang successful man ng may maalala siya. Ang sabi ng successful man ay papunta raw sila ng kanyang nanay wiith his little brotther sa market then suddenly umulan hinila siya ng kanyang nanay nang maalala ngg kanyang nanay na siya yung older brother binitawan niya kaagad ito then yung little brother niya na yung hinwakan ng kanyang nanay. Nakikita na Adler na this recollection ay related directly to the man's current distrust of women. Kahitt na yung iba ay mahal siya, aware siya mawawala rin katagalan yung pagmamahal na yun. So, Adler believed that yung patients na may highly ancxious will often project their style of life onto their memory of childhood experiences by recalling yung mga nakakatakot and nakakaanxiety events such as accidents, losing parents or being bullied by other children. Therefore, naniniwala si Adler na totoo ang opposite; tha is, recollections of early experiences are simply shaped by present style of life. DREAMS Kahit na yung dreams ay hindi makakapagsabi ng hinaharap or future, they can provide clues naman to solve future problems, Nevertheless, the dreamer frequently does not wish to solve the problem in a productive manner. Adler reported the dream of a 35-year old man who was considering marriage. Sa panaginip, yung lalake raw ay nagcross ng boarder Austria and Hungaray. and gusto raw siyang ikulong. Ininterpret naman ni Adler ito to mean that the dreamer wants to comw to a standstill because matatalo lang din siya kapag ipinagpatuloy niya yun. In other words gusto ng lalake na ilimit lang yung galaw niya and wla siyang desire na palitan ang kanyang marital status or maginng single. Inaapply ni Adler rito ang golden rule ng individual psychology to dream work, ito ay "Everrything can be different". Kapag yung interpretation ng isa ay nararamdaman mong hindi tama, then try another. Although Adler believed na madali nyang maiinterpret yyung dreams niya pero he contented na most dreams are self-deceptions and most of theem are not easily unsersood ng dreamer mismo. Ang panagginip ay nagpapanggap para madeceive yung dreamer, ang paggawa ng self interpretation ay hindi madali. Kapag yugn goal ng isang tao ay inconsistennt sa katotohanan, the more likely na yung dream ng tao na yun ay magagamitt paara maniwala ang sarili sa kasinungalingan. PSYCHOTHERAPY This task however is not easy because patients struggles to hold their existence and comofortaable view of themselves. Para maovercome yun Adler sometimes ask his patients na "What would you do if I cured you immediately?" this question usually forced patients para maexamne yung kanilang goals and para makita na yung responsibility ay nasa kanila. Through the use ng humor and warmth, Adler tried to increase the courage, self-esteem and social interest ng kanyang patient. Kasi naniniwala siya sa pamamagitan nito maeencourage yung patients to share or expand their social interest sa bawat tatlong problema ng buhay which are yung sexual love, friendship, and occupation. Ginawagawa naman ni Adler kapag mga bata ang kanyang ginagamot ay ginagamot niya ang mga ito harap ng maraming audience ng parents, teachers, and health professionals. Kapag ginagawa niya yung ganitong therapy madali niyang mababasa na kung yung problema ba nila ay community problems. Naninwala si Adler na yung ganitong procedure would enhance the social interests of the children by allowing them na belong sila sa community ng concerened adults. Hindi naman biniblame ni Adler yung parents sa behavior ng bata instead he worked to win the confidence of parents and para na rin maging pursigido silaang palitan ang ugali na pinapakita nila saa kanilang mga anak. RELATED RESEARCHH Adlerian theoory continues to generate a moderate amount of research. Katulad nalang ng some researchers have recently argued na yung paggamit ng social medias suchh as fb, ig twitter serves the purpose of increasing Gemeinschaftsgefühl or social interstest or community feeling. The most widely researched topics in Adler’s theory, however, have been birth-order, early recollections, and striving for superiority. BIRTH ORDER EFFECTS In 1996 Frank Sulloway published Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Dynamics and Creative Lives, na kung saan he presented an evolutionary argument paara sa effects ng birth oorder sa personallity. Isinulat niya rito na yung magkakapatid daw ay nagccompete sa parental affection and attention. Lending support sa theory ni Adler, Sulloway proposed that first born are likely to be achievement-oriented, anxious, and conformist or conservative whereas yung later-borns tends to be adventurous, open to experience, innovative. A fasscinating study by Zweigenhaft and von Ammon tested Sulloway's predisctions anout later-borns na sila more rebellious na may pagkaclver or skillful. The researchers interviewd a group of cpllge student who got arrested dahil sa civil disobedience. As predicted mas mataas ang percentagge ng later-borns sa kanila. Merong 2 research design na isinagawa ito yung "between family" and "withinfamily". Generally, yung "between-family" ito yung individuals from different families are compared na kunng saan hindi nila kinonfirm yung theory ni Adler sigruro dahil na rin sa mahirap na desings of controlling for the many variables that distinguish families, In contrast, "within-family" design ask responsdents na icompare yung sarili nila sa kanilang sariling kapatid, and these studies are more likely to proovide some confirmation for Adler's theory. On the other hand, greater support has been found sa iba pang effects ng birth order, such as higher achievement among first than later borns. For example sa recent study na yung fully adopted and fully biological sibling groups foound that older children indeed had higher educational attainment than the later-born sibllings regardless na adoptive or biologically related families. In general, the specific prediction ni Adler regarding sa traiits ng oldest, middle, youngest, and only children ay wala strong support sa research literature. However, within-family studies ay merong suupport na naggaling sa small differences between first - and later born children pagdating sa academic achievement, conventionality, and risk taking. EARLY RECOLLECTIONS AND CAREER CHOICE Adler believed that career choices reflect a person's personality. So, there were recollections that coded by twoo judges on the kind of career the memory reflected. These recollecion were classified using Holland's vocational interest types, these are the qualities of Holland's Six Career Types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. Distinguishing Narcissism as Striving for Superiority versus Self-Esteem as Striving for Success Narcissist named after the Greek myth of Narcissus, a hunter who fell in love with his own reflection in a poll of water. Adler has been credited with making an important contribution to our understanding of narcissism. The historical record shows that Adler’s idea of the “masculine protest” significantly influenced Freud’s theorizing regarding narcissism. Furthermore, yung personality theory ni Adler ay nagbigay sa atin ng modern understanding na yung mga narcissit sila yung mga taong lacks of social interest, and example na rito si Donald Trump dahil hindi siya tumatanggap ng criticisms. Adler believed that narcissist are driven by a striving for personality superiority, nd walang pakialam sa ibang tao kahit kunti lang. Feel niya palagi ay better siya kahit kanino man, siya ang laging best among the rest. There is a common belief na yung narcissism ay simply exaggerated form of high self-esteem. Brummelman, Thomaes, and Sedikides recently provided a theoretical analysis of the distinction between narcissism and self-esteem na maiiconnect din naman sa perspective ni Adler. For these psychologists, narcissism, a maladaptive and unhealthy personality orientation, differs dramatically from self-esteem, an adaptive and healthy approach to the self. Pinaglalaban nila na both narcissim and self-esteem ng children ay nanggaling sa kung paano sila alagaan. Na kung saan nagllead itoo para maniwala ang mga bata na suprerior sila to otherss. In contarst naman, yung maayos na parental guidancee ay mayllead para maniwala sila na sila ay worthy. The precariousness of feelings of personal superiority may account for the need many narcissists appear to have for others to validate their superiority. CRITIQUE OF ADLER Another function of useful theory is to generate research because much research suggested by individual psychology has invetigated early recollections, social interest, and style of life. How well does Adlerian theory organize knowledge into a meaningful frame-work? In general, individual psychology is masyadond broad to encompass possible explanations for much na kung ano yung nalalaman about human behavior and development. Adler's practical view of life's problems allows us to rate his theiry sa ability to make sense sa kung ano na yung nalalaman na naten abput sa human behavior. We also rate Adlerian theory high on its abilityb to guide action. The theory serves the psychotherapist, mga teavher, and mga parent na may guideline para sa solution ng practical problems sa kahit ano mang bagay. Naggagather ng infomation si Adler throught reports ng birth orders, dreams, early recollecions, childhood difficulties, and physical deficienciis. Then ginagamit ito para malaman yung style ng pamumuhay ng isang tao and para na rin makaapply ng specific techniques paara ma increase ying responsibilty and mapalawak pa aang freedom of choice nila. The concpet of creative power is a very appealing one. Probably halos lahat ng tao naniniwala na they are composed of ssomething more than he interactions of heredity and environment. Many people nararamdaman nila na meron sila agents which are the soul, ego, self, creative power within them that allows them to make choices and create their style of life. Pero yung concept ng creative power ay simply fiction and hindi mapapagaaralan scientifically dahil sa lack ng operational definitions, therefore then individual psychology rated low sa internal consistency, The final criterion ng useful theory is simplicity or parsimony. Sa standard na ito we rate the individual psychology about average. Kahit na yung unorganized writings ni Adler distacts from the theory's rating in simpicity, yung work naman ni Ansbacher and Ansbacher has made the individual psychology more parsimonious or simple. CONCEPT OF HUMANITY Adler emphasized na yung paggamitt ng abilities ng mga tao ay mas importante kesa na maraming ka ngang abilities pero hindi mo naman ginagamit. Namamana yung abilities pero yung nasa paligid mo yung nagbibigay ng opportunities para mas maenhnace mo ito pero tayo pa rin ang mananagot sa kung paano naten magamit ito. Naniniwala si Adler na mas yung interpretations ng experiences ay mas importante kesa sa sila mismo ang nakaexperience. Wala sa past or future maddetermine ang present behavior. Instead, ang mgga tao ay motivated sa kanilang present perceptions of the past and their present expectations sa future. Pero these perceptions do not correspond sa reality, as Adler stated, "menings are not determined by situations, but we determine ourselves by the meanings we give to situationss" Ang ating future goals ay minsan rigid and unrealistic but yung ating personal freedom allows us to reshape yung goals and then para mabago ang ating buhay. Tayo na yung naccreate ng ating personalities and binabago naten ito sa pamamagitan ng natutunan na panibagong ugali. Kahit na yung final goal sa buhay ay fixed na during chilhood days we remain free pa rin to chnage our style of life anytime. Kasi nga yung goal ay fictional and unconcious so we set a pansamantalang goals. In other words, kahit na nakaset na yung goal naten nung bata pa tayo there's a possibility na mapapalitan pa rin naten depende sa kung ano yung nalalaman, naexperience or natuklasan naten habang tayo aay tumatanda. People’s creative power is capable of transforming feelings of inadequacy into either social interest or into the self-centered goal of personal superiority. This capacity means that tayo ay remain free pa rin to choose between psychological health and neuroticism. Healthy people ay merong high level sa social interest, but sa buong buhay nila ay they remain free to accpet or reject normality and to become what they will. On the six dimensions of a concept of humanity listed in Chapter 1, we rate Adler very high on free choice and optimism; very low on causality; moderate on unconscious influences; and high on social factors and on the uniqueness of individuals. In summary, Adler held na yung mga tao ay self-determining social creatures, forward moving and motivated by present fictions to strive toward perfection for themselves and society.
