Cumulative review
Oxygenation
• PaO2 = mmHg, measured with ABG, 80-100 is normal
• Severe low PaO2 = <40mmHg
• SpO2 = %, measured with pulse ox, normal > 94%
• Severe low Sp02 = 75%
• Severe low readings require critical care, intubation w/ Ventilator
End Tidal C02
• Monitors C02 levels at
their highest i.e. with
exhalation
• Normal is 40-50 mmHg
ABGs
What are you going to do about it?
Correct the cause!!
Acidosis
Alkalosis
• Respiratory Acidosis d/t
hypoventilation
• Respiratory Alkalosis d/t
hyperventilation, liver failure
• Metabolic Acidosis d/t
• Metabolic Alkalosis d/t
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DKA
Lactic acidosis
Starvation
Diarrhea
Renal failure
GI fistulas
Shock
• Vomiting, NG suctioning
• Diuretics
• Hypokalemia
Medications
What are the Rights for safe med
administration?
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11.
Some Meds to Know…..
Anti-Hypertensive – all can cause
hypotension, esp. orthostatic
• OLOL = ??
• PRIL = ??
• SARTAN = ??
• IPINE = ??
• ZOSIN = ??
Cholesterol and Angina
• STATIN
• Nitrates
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Isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur)
Nitroglycerin SL or spray
Nitroprusside IV
Nitro patch
Abbreviations r/t meds
po
IVP
IVPB
OU
OD
gtt
Inh
q
QID
TID
BID
ac
hs
IM
SQ or SubQ or Subcut
Miscellaneous Med Info
• Adult ear drops – how are they administered?
• Peak and Trough – what is it?
• MDI
• DPI
Misc Med Info…..
• Which antibiotics may cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
• When is oral Vancomycin given?
• When does one hold Epoetin alfa (Epogen)?
• What is the BBW for enoxaparin (Lovenox)? Where is it given?
More misc med info…..
• How do we monitor warfarin (Coumadin)? What is the usual goal?
• How do we monitor Heparin IV gtt? What is the goal?
• How is Cyancobalamin administered?
• List 3 possible side effects for oral Fe supplements.
• Patient teaching for oral Fe taken?