A 1st grade teacher considers ways to help a new
student who is beginning English Learner
development skills and phonemic awareness and
knowledge of sounds. Which of the following steps
will be most important for the teacher to take first?
Answer- gaining some basic familiarity with the
sound system of the students primary language.
Zarillo p. 28/29
A 1st grade teacher leads a small group of beginning
readers in a lesson focused on decoding simple
words composed of letters that students have
learned to sound out in isolation. The teacher begins
by writing the word “sat” on the board. In keeping the
research-based practices, the most appropriate step
for the teacher to take next in this lesson would be
to:
Answer- Teach the student to blend the sound in the
word sat slowly and continuously without pausing.
(my answer had tapping the sounds out)
Which of the following strategies would best help a
kindergarten teacher assess a student’s ability to
blend phonemes?
Zarillo p. 26/27
Answer- Say the sounds /s/ /e/ and /t/ separately,
then ask the child to say them as one word.
Which of the following informal assessments would
be most appropriate to use to assess an individual
students phonemic awareness?
Answer- asking the student to identify the sound at
the beginning, medial, or final of a spoken word (e.g
“What sound do you hear at the end of"step "?)
What strategy is best used to teach phonemic
awareness?
Answer- say the individual sounds of a word.
A student who joins a 1st grade classroom in late
October performs poorly on a phonemic-awareness
activity. To address this student's reading needs,
which of the following steps would be most important
for the teacher to take first?
Answer- conducting formal phonemic awareness
assessments with the student.
Which of the following statements best explain why
students continue to need systemic, explicit
instruction to support and promote fluency even after
they have achieved automaticity?
Answer- Vocabulary and academic language
continue to be significant factors that disrupt
students' fluency.
A 3rd grade teacher develops a word list from a
small group of students that includes words
representing complex phonics patterns. After
reviewing the list with students the teacher did a
dictation activity with a different set of words that
follow the same pattern and the student wrote down
the word. This activity demonstrates the teachers'
awareness of the importance of?
Answer- using writing activities to give students
opportunities to apply phonics knowledge to new
words.
A 1st grade teacher provides students with explicit,
systematic phonics instruction to promote their
reading development. When designing activities to
teach letter-sound correspondences, the teacher
should:
Answer- provide reading opportunities for students to
practice sounds in context after studying the sounds
in isolation.
Prosody has which of these characteristics?
Answer- Variation in Pitch and intonation.
Prosidic reading both supports and is supported by
reader’s:
Answer- active comprehension process
Which of the following questions focuses mostly on a
students ability to read with prosidy?
Answer- Can the student accurately read aloud a
grade-appropriate passage in a manner that sounds
like natural speech?
Which of the following factors will most disrupt a 2nd
grade student’s fluency, where the respect to
accuracy-
Answer- the student does not recognize common
inflected morphemes when they appear in unfamiliar
words.
In a curriculum based oral reading fluency
assesment conducted in september, a 2nd grade
student has an accuracy rate of 98%, reading rate of
39 wpm, or just words below 50% of our benchmark
51 wpm. These results, succh as the teacher should
plan instruction for the student that focuses on which
of the following dimension on reading fluency
Answer- promoting the students automatic word
recognition (automaticity)
Which of the following informal assessments would
be most appropriate and effective to administer at
the beginning of the schoolyear to asses 1st grade
students understanding of letter-sound
correspondence
Answer- asking individual students to say the sound
a letter makes as the teacher point to individual
letters in randomly organized list of letters.
A teacher is helping students learn orthographic
generalization for adding suffixes to words ending in
”y”. In addition to promoting their spelling
development, this type of lesson is likely to promote
students reading development by:
Answer- enhancing decoding skills
In an oral fluency assessment in January, a 2nd
grade student reads aloud an unfamiliar passage
selected by the teacher, while the teacher records
the students reading performance on a separate
copy of the text, noting the students reading time and
then calculating the students oral reading fluency
score. The teachers annotated copy appears below:
Answer- providing the student with corrective
feedback to increase accurate reading
Based on the students assessment results and
reading performance during the assessment, fluency
instructions for this student should focus primarily on:
2 part question: The pattern of errors in this
assessment most clearly suggest that this student:
Answer- relies heavily on contextual clues of word
recognition
A 3rd grader likes to read and demonstrates strong
word recognition skills, but he typically reads aloud in
a halting manner and sometimes has difficulty
answering comprehension questions after reading
aloud a simple text. To help address the students
reading difficulty, the teacher selects familiar texts at
his independent reading level and then marks
appropriate phrasing as illustrated below:
Answer- by helping him learn how to recognize and
convey idea units as he reads aloud.
Example: Once upon a time / In a kingdom by the
Sea / a brave young princess/ decided to explore.
A kindergarten teacher bases a number of reading
related activities on “sound of the day “ for one
activity, children substitute the sound of the day for
the sound in each of their names (e.g if /m/ is the
sound of the day, Jack becomes Mack) and call each
other by their “new” names. This activity is most
likely to promote the reading development of
students by:
Answer: preparing them to learn about concepts of
onset and rimes.
When reading aloud familiar nursery rhymes, a
kindergarten teacher occasionally substitutes
rhyming words for the words of the original text.
(such as “Twinkle, twinkle little car” or "One, two,
chuckle my boo”). Students are asked to identify the
“mistakes”. This activity could be best used to
assess students:
Answer- ability to perceive unexpected changes in
sound patterns
A kindergarten teacher has designed an “alphabet
bingo” game. Each student has a card with some of
the letters of the alphabet printed on it and sets the
loose tiles. When the teacher calls out “B” for
example, students try to find the tile with a B on it
and match it to a B on their cards. This activity is
likely to be most effective in promoting which of the
following reading skills?
Answer- associating the names of letters with their
shapes.
A kindergarten teacher wants to assess a student's
ability to focus attention on the sounds in words.
Which of the following assessment strategies would
be most appropriate and effective for this purpose?
Answer- give several examples of rhyming words
and then ask the student to say whether pairs of
spoken words rhyme.
Children in kindergarten class work in teams to
decorate cardboard cutouts of letters. With the help
of their teacher and the physical education teacher,
each team figures out how to “look like the letter
“assigned to the team.( E.g two students face each
other and hold hands to form the letter H). The
teacher photographs each team’s “human letter” and
displays the photos with the decorated letters. This
activity most clearly demonstrates which of the
following principles of effective reading instruction?
Answer- multisensory activities can help promote the
letter recognition skills of students with varied
reading needs and learning styles.
A 1st grade teacher notices that a student who is a
phonetic speller has begun placing a silent -e at the
end of most words. The practice most likely reflects
Answer- the normal tendency of in this stage of
spelling development to overgeneralize phonics
rules.
A kindergarten shows her teacher a picture she has
drawn of her kitten and says “see, it says tigger.”
Based on the work sample the student appears to
have developed some understanding of the concept
that…
A- there is a difference between drawing and writing.
Several students in a 2nd grade class typically make
the following types of errors in their writing
Answer- the spelling of commonly occurring
long-vowel patterns
To help assess student’s spelling skills a 2nd grade
Answer- consonant digraphs
teacher dictates a set of words. Shown below is one
students written performance on the assessment
Target word:
After
whale
Zebra
Brush
Forget
Chase
Gather
Student spelling:
after
wale
zebra
bruch
forget
shase
gater
A 5th grade teacher is studying the history of the
United States during the colonial period. The teacher
wants to help students spell units related vocabulary
correctly when they engage in writing activities
associated with the unit. The strategy is likely to be
most effective in improving students spelling of unit
related vocabulary
Answer- having them categorize and study new
words by common features (e.g, words with a
common suffix such as taxation, revolution; words
with a common root such as colony; colonial,
colonizing)
At the beginning of the school year, a 3rd grade
teacher wants to conduct an assessment of students'
decoding abilities. Which of the following
assessment methods would be most effective for this
purpose?
Answer- each student read aloud a grade
appropriate passage while the teacher notes any
miscue or errors
Which of the following divisions of the word strongly
distinguishes the words onset and rime.
Answer- str/ong
Which of the following is a characteristic of the
consonants in a consonant blend?
Answer- each of the consonants retains its original
sound
In general, a 1st grade teacher should begin
providing English phonemic awareness instruction
for English Learners as soon as they demonstrate:
Answer- some basic comprehension of oral english
A kindergarten teacher should begin instruction in
word reading as soon as student have:
Answer- learned a set of letter sounds that allow the
formation of two letter or three letter words
Illustrated below is a set of words that a 1st grade
teacher is using with a small group of beginning
readers
Answer- A sentence consists of separate words
arranged in a particular order
I, we, the
is, see, cat
Fat,dog (pic), rat (pic)
A 1st grade teacher has designed the following as
one activity to build the literacy skills of a student
who has a reading disability. The teacher will use
color charts and asked the students to arrange the
blocks from left to right as the teacher says a
sequence of words. Such activity would be most
useful for promoting the students
Answer- understanding of word boundaries
Which of the following factors would be most likely to
Answer- a limited sight-word vocabulary
cause a significant disruption in a 1st grade student's
development of reading.
Automaticity in word recognition supports student
development of reading fluency primarily by:
Answer- allowing them to direct their efforts on the
meaning rather than on decoding each word
The primary reason for promoting pre-readers
phonemic awareness is required in order for children
to?
Answer- benefit from phonics instruction
Which of the following morphemes is an inflectional
ending?
Answer- ed
A 4th grade teacher notices that some students are
having difficulty spelling words with -ed and -ing
endings. Which of the following strategies is likely to
be most effective in improving the students spelling
of such words?
Answer- providing the students with explicit review of
orthographic rules for adding inflections to verbs and
with additional practice applying these rules
In which of the following types of accented syllable is
a single vowel letter most likely to represent its long
sound?
Answer- CVCe
Mastery of which of the following skills best indicates
a students readiness for explicit instruction in reading
Vce and CVCe pattern words such as ate and
home?
Answer- Decoding most short vowel phonics
patterns in single syllable words.
A 1st grade teacher reads aloud a short sentence to
a student, then asks the student to identify the
number of words in the sentence. For words of more
than one syllable, the student counts each syllable
as one word. The results of this informal assessment
suggest that the student may need help:
Answer- recognizing the boundaries between words
Which of the following activities would be most
effective in encouraging 2nd grade students to use
their developing phonics knowledge to promote their
accurate spelling of regular single-syllable words?
Answer- having individual students sort a set of 20
words (e.g (boat, low, rope) into different groups of
letter combinations that spell the same sound (eg. oa
words, ow words, and oCe words that make a long o
)
A 5 y.o writes the following sentence and tells his
kindergarten teacher that it says “ I love my baby
sister”
Answer- writing consists of discrete words
-ILVMIBBSSTR
This writing suggests that the student has NOT
developed the concept that?
Students in a middle school class have been reading
and discussing a math test. To help promote the
students' reading proficiency, the teacher targets a
number of vocabulary words in the test, such as a
triangle and pentagon. These words are the focus of
several instructional activities. Which of the following
Answer- the teacher and the students discuss the
morphology of each word.
strategies would best help the students learn how to
spell the vocabulary words?
A 3rd grade teacher regularly plans spelling
instruction focusing on specific complex spelling
patterns (e.g one unit focuses on the phonogram-ight
and the words right, light, sight, and tonight ). This
approach to spelling instruction also promotes
students reading development primarily by:
Answer- enhancing their ability to recognize larger
chunks of letters when decoding unfamiliar words
A 3rd grade teacher regularly assigns students who
have achieved automaticity extended passages to
read silently to promote their reading fluency. Which
of the following steps would be most important for
the teacher to take to ensure that this activity is
effective in supporting fluency development?
Answer- monitoring the students silent reading
during the activity by holding them accountable for
comprehension of the passage
Which of the following instructional strategies is likely
to be most effective in reinforcing students'
recognition of high frequency, irregular sight words?
Answer- incorporate a cumulative review of sight
words into daily reading instruction
A 1st grade student is able to pronounce the
separate sounds in words as she attempts to read
aloud, but she remains unable to decode most
words. This student is likely to benefit most from
instruction designed to help her:
Answer- blend phonemes within words (instruction)
At the elementary level systematic instruction in
phonemic and word analysis skills is effective in
supporting students literacy development primarily
because these skills:
Answer- enhance students reading and spelling
accuracy and automaticity
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