Cell structures and organelles
Use table 4 on p. 67 and table 5 on p. 70-72 in the textbook to complete the summary.
Questions to answer
Organelle/structure
What is the role of the organelle/structure?
In what cell type can it be found?
Bacteria
Plasma membrane
Fungi
Plants
Animals
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x
Naked DNA
The outer boundary of the cell. A barrier
controlling transport in and out of the cell
A rigid layer outside the plasma membrane to
strengthen and protect the cell.
The cytoplasm facilitates and allows other
organelles to operate properly.
The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It
also stores genetic information.
DNA is the where you find the genetic code.
70S ribosomes
It plays a central role in protein synthesis.
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x
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80S ribosomes
It in charge of protein synthesis.
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x
x
x
Mitochondria
Mitochondria produce ATP for the cell by aerobic
cell respiration. Also, fat is digested here if it is
being used as an energy source in the cell.
The main function of rough endoplasmic
reticulum is to synthesize protein, which is moved
to the Golgi Apparatus via vesicles.
Its main purpose is to synthesize lipids,
phospholipids, and steroids. A special type of it
stores calcium ions in muscles when relaxed.
The Golgi apparatus is a protein-processor. It also
readies them for transportation.
Vesicles are very small vacuoles used to transport
materials inside the cell.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes, which is
used to break down ingested food in vesicles. The
same enzymes can also break down organelles or
whole cells.
A flexible fluid-filled compartment surrounded by
a single membrane.
Chloroplasts produce glucose and other organic
compounds by photosynthesis.
The cytoskeleton provides a structural framework
for the cell that helps with determining cell shape
and organizing cytoplasm.
Among other things, microtubules move
chromosomes during cell division. Centrioles
form an anchor point for microtubules during cell
division and for microtubules inside cilia and
fragella.
Clilia and flagella can be used for
movement/locomotion.
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X
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X
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Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus with DNA
Rough
endoplasmatic
reticulum (rER)
Smooth
endoplasmatic
reticulum (sER)
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Chloroplast
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules and
centrioles
Cilia and flagella
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X
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