Physical Activity Participation of Persons Deprived
of Liberty (PDL) in Tagum City, Philippines
Proponents
Rationale
The use of jail as a deterrent to crime and social unrest has been widespread
during the past few decades. Over 11 million people are currently incarcerated around
the world. One of the many rights that prisoners have is access to all the necessary
facilities and activities to assist them maintain their health and well-being, including
participation in planned physical exercises while incarcerated. Additionally, "leave no one
behind" is the main transformational commitment made by the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It
demonstrates the dedication of the UN Member States to abolishing all forms of poverty,
eliminating exclusion and discrimination, and lowering vulnerabilities and inequities that
keep individuals behind and limit their potential as well as the potential of humanity (World
Prison Brief, 2021).
Inside these facilities, prisoners' social lives are restricted and physical exercise
and sport, particularly in adult prisons, have gotten even less attention However, little is
known about the implications of these practices for individuals on the inside, how sports
and physical activities fit into the prison system, the circumstances being built, and the
convicts’ experiences and advantages from their involvement (Fair & Jacobson, 2017).
Physical activity and sport are now a feature of the jail environment in the western
democratic world as a result of the shift in prison purpose from punishment to social
rehabilitation. Prisoners are also human beings with rights, and physical activities are
important for their growth in daily life. They also receive physical and recreational
instruction during the exercise session (Aksoy & Saraç, 2020).
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to determine the physical activities and the scale of
physical activity satisfaction of persons deprived of liberty in which globally jail systems
have neglected physical activity for many years. Unhealthy living conditions frequently
result from the overcrowded nature of the nation's correctional facilities. Additionally, they
frequently lack opportunities for physical activity. A person who has been arrested, held
in legal custody, detained, or imprisoned as part of the execution of a legal sentence is
considered to be deprived of their liberty.
Research Questions
The main purpose of this study is to find out the physical activity participation of
persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in Tagum City, Philippines. Specifically, it aims to
answer the following objectives:
1. To determine the profile of the persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in Tagum City,
Philippines in terms of:
1.1 age
1.2 civil status
1.3 years in prison
1.4 height
1.5 weight
2. To determine the Physical Activities of persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in Tagum City,
Philippines in terms of:
2.1 games/sports activities
2.2 dance activities
2.3 fitness activities
2.4 livelihood activities
2.5 daily routine activities
3. To assess the level of Physical Activity satisfaction of persons deprived of liberty (PDL)
in Tagum City, Philippines in terms of:
3.1 psychological domain
3.2 educational domain
3.3 social domain
3.4 relaxational domain
3.5 aesthetic domain
4. Is there a significant relationship between the physical activities and their level
of satisfaction of persons deprived of liberty (PDL) in Tagum City, Philippines?
Theory of the Study/ Theoretical Lens:
This study anchored on the study of Baldonado et al., (2022), which physical
activity lowers the mortality rate from many diseases, and both the general public and
inmates agree that this loss of life is unacceptable. He also stated that by boosting levels
of physical activity across the board, it is possible to minimize the detrimental
consequences of diseases linked to inactivity on the national economy which includes
physical activities such as games/sports, dance activities, fitness activities, livelihood
activities, and daily routine activities.
According to Beard & Ragheb (1980), the term "leisure satisfaction" refers to the
favorable thoughts or sentiments that one develops, evokes, or acquires as a result of
engaging in leisure activities and making leisure-related decisions. It refers to how
satisfied or content a person is right now with their overall leisure experiences and
circumstances. The satisfying of an individual's needs, whether they are felt or not, leads
to this positive sensation of happiness. On their study, the satisfaction scale was originally
for leisure, but it was edited, revised, and validated for physical activity. It comprises six
factors, or subscales: psychological, educational, social, relaxation, physiological, and
aesthetic factors.
Theoretical Framework
Level of Physical Activity
satisfaction of persons
deprived of liberty (PDL) in
Tagum City, Philippines
Physical Activities of persons
deprived of liberty (PDL) in
Tagum City, Philippines





games/sports activities
dance activities
fitness activities
livelihood activities
daily routine activities





psychological domain
educational domain
social domain
relaxational domain
aesthetic domain
Profile of the persons
deprived of liberty (PDL) in
Tagum City, Philippines





age
civil status
years in prison
height
weight
.
Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the Study
References
Aksoy, F., & Saraç, L. (2020). Physical activity and physical fitness levels of
convicts/detainees remaining in closed penalty execution institutions. Pamukkale Journal
of Sport Sciences, 11(3), 28-41.
Baldonado, N. N., Demot, A. M. L., Villaflores, P. J. A., Dayag, G. G., Buado, E.
L., Ramos, C. V., ... & Martinez, R. G. (2022). Physical Activity Participation of Persons
Deprived of Liberty in Santiago City District Jail, Philippines. Physical Education and
Sports: Studies and Research, 1(2), 91-106.
Beard, J. G., & Ragheb, M. G. (1980). Measuring leisure satisfaction. Journal of
leisure Research, 12(1), 20-33.
De Vita, T., Donini, L., & Iovino, S. (2019). Re-education treatment and physical
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http://www.prisonstudies.org/world-prison-brief
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systematic
review
and
meta-analysis.
Obesity
Reviews.
10.1111/obr.12622.
Johnson, C., Chaput, J. P., Diasparra, M., Richard, C., & Dubois, L. (2018).
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World
Prison
Brief.
(2021,
December).
WPB.
PrisonStudies.Org:
https://www.prisonstudies.org
Vicente, J. B. (2019). Appraisal of the intervention programs for high profile
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