1.6 Low-resistance swim suits: Criterion D (In-Class Assessment) F or this assessment, you will be using your knowledge of Newton’s laws to explain the science of high performance swim suits and discuss the broader impacts of such technologies on competitive sport. Article:Low-drag suit propels swimmers(Physics Today) Web article:Why ban full body Olympics swimsuits?(The Daily Beast) Web article:Inverse Olympics flashback Y ou should use internet resources to help with facts and figures, if any images are used they should be cited and discussed, not simply inserted. Bibliography arrow, J.D. (2012)Why Ban Full-Body Olympics Swimsuits?A Scientist Explains Polyurethane,The B Daily Beast. Available at: https://www.thedailybeast.com/why-ban-full-body-olympics-swimsuits-a-scientist-explains-polyur ethane (Accessed: 5 October 2022). etuel, E. (2020)Olympics Flashbacks: How a NASA-designedswimsuit rocked the 2008 games, B Inverse. Available at: https://www.inverse.com/innovation/olympic-glory-week-lzr-swimsuits (Accessed: 5 October 2022). Matthews, J.N.A. (2008) ‘Low-drag suit propels swimmers’,Physics today, 61(8), pp. 32–33. 1. E xplain, with reference to Newton’s Third Law, how a swimmer is able to move themselves forward through the water.***You must state Newton’sThird law, then apply it.*** Newton third law says for every action in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction s swimmers stroke their arms and kick their feet, they exert an action force onto the water A moving it backwards by following this principle the water responds with an equal and opposite force moving the swimmer forwards. 2. T he diagram below represents an individual doing the front crawl. Draw a labelled free-body force diagram to show the four forces acting on a swimmer as they move through the water at constant speed. 3. “ Drag” is a significant challenge in swimming. a. Explain, with reference to Newton’s Second Law and/or your free-body diagram, why drag is a challenge for swimmers. rag is a challenge in swimming as it opposes the forward moovment of the swimmer. D According to Newton 2nd law, a swimmer's acceleration is directly related to the net force acting upon them. So drag acts in the opposite direction of the swimmer’s desired movement and it increases with speed. To be able to move forward in swimming you will need to generate a force of propulsion that surpasses the resistance of the drag. The articles mentioned several features of the swimsuits that are designed to reduce drag. ● hydrophobic / low drag material ● elimination of “stitching” and seams ● suit is made of compressive body panels ● suit material improves buoyancy b. D escribe and explain how TWO of the features in this list help to reduce drag. Try to choose two that you can explain using different ideas and knowledge. - hydrophobic / low drag material T he use of an hydrophobic swimsuit can give competitive advantages to the swimmer. One advantage of this swimsuit is that it reduces the drag that acts on the swimmer as the hydrophobic suit reduces friction because it repells the water, reducing the wetted surface area of the suit, which reduces friction and the drag. - suit material improves buoyancy T he use of a swimsuit that improves buoyancy provides additional lift to the swimmer's body. This increased buoyancy helps it in keeping the swimmer closer to the water's surface so reducing the portion of the body that is submerged making the swimmer affected by less drag acting against him this allows faster and more efficient movement through the water. swimsuit that improves buoyancy also improves the efficiency of the swimmer’s strokes, as the A swimmers can keep their arms higher in the water during the recovery phase of their strokes. This higher arm position reduces the resistance during the arm's movement, making the swimmer able to do smoother and more efficient strokes. 4. Describe one drawback or limitation of the low-drag swimsuits. To what extent can they “help” an athlete? Whatproblems still remain? Include citations. ne potential drawback is that the swimmer may be that these suits that use buoyant O materials and lack conventional stitching so this could cause swimmers to experience some challenges as the additional buoyancy could affect their ability to dive into the water at the start of a race. Swimmers may need to adjust their techniques to accommodate the altered buoyancy so this could potentially affect their performance. “ The Pros and Cons of Resistance Training Techniques in the Water.” Swimming World News, 19 May 2018, www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/the-pros-and-cons-of-resistance-training-techniques-in-the-water/. 5. Y ou have discussed the technical advantages, disadvantages and limitations of low-drag swim suits. You will now consider howETHICAL FACTORSarerelated to this topic. Consider the suits in terms of “fairness in sport” and “good sportsmanship”. Principles of fairness in sport All athletes and coaches must follow established rules and guidelines of their respective sport. thletes that seek an unfair competitive advantage over their opponent create an uneven playing field which violates A the integrity of the sport. thletes and coaches are not discriminated against or excluded from participating in a sport based on their race, A gender, sexual orientation or any other circumstance. S anta Clara University (2012)[What role does ethicsplay in sports?]. Available at: https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/more-focus-areas/resources/what-role-does-ethics-play-in-sports/ (Accessed: 5 October 2022). To what extent can technological advances be seen as “unethical”? a. In what ways were the swimsuit innovations of the early 21st century “ethical”. This swimmsuit could be ethical as they were accessibe to all elite swimmers and provided the s ame competitive advantages to all swimmers wearing one of those swimsuits. Another reason why these swimsuits are ethical is that an improvement in maerials and technological innovation are happening in all sports and should be welcomed also in swimming. b. In what ways were the swimsuit innovations of the early 21st century “unethical”. T his swimsuit could be unethical as there is a problem of fairness so one key ethical issue is that the suimmsuit provides a competitive advantage to athletes wearing it. Even if the suit is accessible to all athletes it is very expensive as according to Mattews (2008) each swimsuit costs around five-hundred euros and needs to be changed around the third time that it is being used, so this makes an uneven playing field for athletes. c. H ow did this ethical debate impact swimming / sports? How did the International Swimming Federation (FINA) respond? T he ethical debate surrounfing the use of low-drag swimsuits left a negative mark on competitive swimming. AsMichael Phelps said he wasnot going to participate in any more races if other athletes started using these swimsuits. The FINA responded by introducing strict regulations about what swimwear athletes wear for competitions, So the FINA banned any low-drag swimmsuit and only allowed more traditional swimwear.
